Pregnancy Terms and Symptoms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the second trimester of pregnancy based on the defined weeks?

Pregnancy weeks 14 to 28 (correct)

Pregnancy weeks 29 to 38

Pregnancy weeks 28 to 42

Pregnancy weeks 1 to 14

Which notation is used to represent obstetric history using a 5-digit system?

P–G–A–T–L

A–L–G–T–P

G–T–P–A–L (correct)

T–P–A–L–G

In the obstetric notation, what does the third digit represent?

Living children

Preterm births (correct)

Total pregnancies

Total childbirths

A woman has had three pregnancies, resulting in one full-term birth, one preterm birth, no abortions, and she has two living children. What is her obstetric notation in the 5-digit system?

3-1-1-0-2 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly explains the duration of the pregnancy trimesters?

First trimester is 1-14 weeks, second is 14-28 weeks, third is 28-42 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate accuracy of home pregnancy tests?

98% Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age can fetal heart sounds typically be detected with a stethoscope?

17-20 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are common symptoms during the first trimester of pregnancy?

Morning sickness and breast sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a false negative result in a home pregnancy test?

Incorrect timing of the test Signup and view all the answers

What is a definitive sign of pregnancy observable via ultrasound?

Identification of a fetus at 6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly experienced during the second trimester?

The first fetal movements Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines the third trimester of pregnancy?

Increased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is not typically used as a definitive indication of pregnancy?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the cervix in a multiparous woman?

Transverse slit Signup and view all the answers

What role does the mucus plug play during pregnancy?

Prevents the entry of bacteria into the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change occurs in the vagina during pregnancy due to increased blood flow?

Bluish discoloration of the vaginal walls Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cervix as a result of hormonal changes during pregnancy?

Increases in softness and vascularity Signup and view all the answers

What effect does estrogen have on the vaginal pH during pregnancy?

Decreases the pH to 3.5-5.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the signs of pregnancy related to increased blood flow to the ovaries?

Vascular congestion in breasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Montgomery's glands during pregnancy?

Provide lubrication for the nipples Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the changes in the perineum during pregnancy?

Increased vascularity and muscle hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What does Chadwick’s sign indicate during early pregnancy?

Increased blood supply leading to cervical changes Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy does Hegar’s sign typically appear?

6-8 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Braxton Hicks contractions?

Irregular and painless contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a ballottement during a medical examination?

To feel for the fetal presenting part Signup and view all the answers

Which skin change is commonly associated with pregnancy?

Darkening of the areolas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone detected to confirm pregnancy through urine or blood tests?

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) Signup and view all the answers

In which week of pregnancy can pregnancy tests typically detect hCG?

8-10 days after conception Signup and view all the answers

What does the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method test for?

Pregnancy by detecting hCG Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of striae gravidarum indicate?

Stretching of connective tissues due to weight changes Signup and view all the answers

What potential error might affect the results of a pregnancy test?

Presence of hCG-producing tumors Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs in blood pressure during the first 4 to 5 months of pregnancy?

It decreases by 5 to 10 mmHg. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for increased blood volume during pregnancy?

Increased metabolic rate. Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change can lead to respiratory alkalosis during pregnancy?

Increased sensitivity to CO2 due to progesterone. Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, which event is likely to occur in the urinary tract system?

Increased frequency of urination due to bladder compression. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant physiologic characteristic of the respiratory system during the second trimester of pregnancy?

Increased thoracic expansion and lung capacity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for increased cholesterol levels during pregnancy?

Hormonal changes leading to lipid accumulation. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding urinary system changes during pregnancy is accurate?

Pregnancy may lead to normal glycosuria due to changes in renal function. Signup and view all the answers

What potential complication can arise from increased blood coagulability during pregnancy?

Enhanced risk of thromboembolism. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pregnancy Terms

Gestational Age: Refers to the length of a pregnancy, measured from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP).
- First Trimester: 1 to 14 weeks
- Second Trimester: 15 to 28 weeks
- Third Trimester: 29 to 42 weeks
Gravidity: The number of times a woman has been pregnant, including the current pregnancy.
Parity: The number of times a woman has given birth to a baby beyond 20 weeks of gestation, regardless of whether the baby was born alive or dead.
Five-Digit Parity System: Used to record detailed obstetrical history.
- 1st Digit: Total number of pregnancies (including the current one).
- 2nd Digit: Number of full-term births (37 weeks or more).
- 3rd Digit: Number of preterm births (20 to 36 weeks).
- 4th Digit: Number of abortions (miscarriages) before 20 weeks.
- 5th Digit: Number of living children.

Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy

Presumptive Signs: Subjective symptoms that suggest pregnancy but are not conclusive.
- Amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Commonly known as "morning sickness," can occur throughout the day.
- Breast Tenderness: Increased sensitivity and fullness in the breasts.
- Fatigue and Drowsiness: Caused by hormonal changes and increased metabolic activity.
Probable Signs: Objective signs detected by a healthcare professional, more strongly suggestive of pregnancy.
- Chadwick's Sign: Bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva due to increased blood flow. Occurs around 6 to 8 weeks of gestation.
- Goodell's Sign: Softening of the cervix, also around 6 to 8 weeks.
- Hegar's Sign: Softening of the lower uterine segment, making the cervix feel like it is detached from the body of the uterus. Also around 6 to 8 weeks.
- Braxton Hicks Contractions: Irregular, painless contractions of the uterus that can occur throughout pregnancy. They become more noticeable in the third trimester.
- Ballottement: A palpable, rebounding movement of the fetus when the examiner pushes on the cervix.
- Fetal Outline Palpation: The examiner can feel the fetus's shape in the abdomen, usually after 20 weeks.
- Skin Changes:
  - Striae Gravidarum: Stretch marks.
  - Chloasma: Facial discoloration.
  - Melasma: Darkening of the areolas and nipples.
  - Linea Nigra: A dark line that appears down the middle of the abdomen.
Positive Signs: Conclusive evidence of pregnancy, directly related to the fetus.
- Fetal Heartbeat: Can be heard with a stethoscope (17 to 20 weeks) or Doppler ultrasound (earlier). Normal fetal heart rate is 120 to 160 beats per minute.
- Fetal Movement: The examiner can feel the baby move in the abdomen after 20 weeks.
- Visualization of the Fetus: Via ultrasound, a fetus is typically visible around 6 weeks.

Physiological Changes During Pregnancy

Reproductive System:
- Cervix:
  - Changes shape from pin-point (primigravida) to transverse slit (multigravida).
  - Forms a mucus plug, a barrier against infection.
  - Softens significantly, particularly in the third trimester.
- Vagina:
  - Increased blood flow, causing Chadwick's sign.
  - Thickening of the vaginal walls.
- Ovaries:
  - Ovulation stops.
  - The corpus luteum maintains high levels of estrogen and progesterone for the first 12 weeks.
- Uterus:
  - Enlarges significantly during pregnancy, pushing on the bladder and surrounding organs.
  - Changes position in the abdomen throughout pregnancy.
- Breasts:
  - Increase in size and sensitivity.
  - Increased pigmentation of the areolas and nipples.
  - Montgomery Tubercles (bumps on the areola) become more prominent.
  - Colostrum (first milk) can begin to be secreted around 16 weeks.
Cardiovascular System:
- Blood Pressure:
  - Generally lowers slightly during the second trimester due to hormonal changes and vasodilation.
  - Returns to normal levels during the third trimester for most women.
- Blood Volume:
  - Increases by 50% (approximately 1500 ml) around 32 weeks.
  - This increase is primarily plasma, but red blood cell volume also increases.
- Heart Rate:
  - The heart rate increases slightly and the stroke volume increases during pregnancy.
- Cardiac Output:
  - Reaches peak levels around 32 weeks of gestation.
- Hemoglobin:
  - May decrease due to the disproportionate increase in plasma volume (physiological anemia).
Respiratory System:
- Diaphragm:
  - Moves upward due to the expanding uterus, potentially causing shortness of breath.
- Thoracic Cage:
  - Expands slightly due to hormonal changes, increasing lung capacity.
- Breathing Pattern:
  - Changes to a more diaphragmatic pattern.
- Gas Exchange:
  - Increases in efficiency, leading to hyperventilation and mild respiratory alkalosis.
Urinary System:
- Bladder:
  - Frequently compressed by the expanding uterus, leading to frequent urination.
  - Experiences decreased tension and increased capacity, which can increase the risk of urinary tract infections.
- Ureters:
  - Become dilated and elongated due to hormonal changes, which can lead to hydronephrosis (dilation of the renal pelvis) and urinary stasis.
- Kidneys:
  - Increased blood flow to the kidneys and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  - Decreased tubular reabsorption.
Gastrointestinal System:
- Stomach:
  - Nausea and vomiting (morning sickness) are common in the first trimester.
  - The stomach's ability to empty may slow down.
- Intestines:
  - The intestinal muscles relax due to hormonal changes, which can lead to constipation.
- Liver:
  - Mild increases in liver enzymes are normal.
- Gallbladder:
  - The gallbladder may become sluggish, which can increase the risk of gallstones.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the essential terms and symptoms associated with pregnancy. This quiz covers key concepts such as gestational age, gravidity, parity, and the five-digit parity system. Perfect for those studying obstetrics or nursing!