Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the typical duration of a woman's menstrual cycle?
What is the typical duration of a woman's menstrual cycle?
- 28 days (correct)
- 42 days
- 35 days
- 21 days
Which factor is NOT typically assessed to evaluate a woman's pregnancy status?
Which factor is NOT typically assessed to evaluate a woman's pregnancy status?
- Her opinion about conception timing
- Her dietary preferences (correct)
- Woman’s cramping history
- Her menstrual cycle regularity
What could indicate potential complications in early pregnancy?
What could indicate potential complications in early pregnancy?
- Positive attitude toward the pregnancy
- Absence of cramping or spotting
- Presence of cramping, bleeding, or spotting since the last menstrual period (correct)
- Regular menstrual cycles
Which factor might inform the expected due date for a pregnancy?
Which factor might inform the expected due date for a pregnancy?
What is an important consideration regarding a woman's view of her pregnancy?
What is an important consideration regarding a woman's view of her pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT considered a prenatal risk factor screening criteria?
Which of the following is NOT considered a prenatal risk factor screening criteria?
What aspect of occupational history may impact prenatal health?
What aspect of occupational history may impact prenatal health?
Which personal history factor could indicate a higher risk for mental health issues during pregnancy?
Which personal history factor could indicate a higher risk for mental health issues during pregnancy?
Why is the father's blood type and Rh factor significant in prenatal assessments?
Why is the father's blood type and Rh factor significant in prenatal assessments?
What type of support systems are particularly important for prenatal health?
What type of support systems are particularly important for prenatal health?
At what point in pregnancy can a gestational sac typically be identified using ultrasound?
At what point in pregnancy can a gestational sac typically be identified using ultrasound?
Which ultrasound method is preferred for early pregnancy assessment?
Which ultrasound method is preferred for early pregnancy assessment?
When can fetal heart activity typically be detected during pregnancy?
When can fetal heart activity typically be detected during pregnancy?
What fetal movement is typically observed by 10 to 11 weeks of pregnancy?
What fetal movement is typically observed by 10 to 11 weeks of pregnancy?
After approximately how many weeks of pregnancy is transabdominal ultrasound used for measurement?
After approximately how many weeks of pregnancy is transabdominal ultrasound used for measurement?
What does the term 'Nullipara' refer to in obstetrics?
What does the term 'Nullipara' refer to in obstetrics?
What is indicated by the 'P' in the TPAL system?
What is indicated by the 'P' in the TPAL system?
Which definition accurately describes a 'Multipara'?
Which definition accurately describes a 'Multipara'?
When assessing prenatal history, which important date is often considered first?
When assessing prenatal history, which important date is often considered first?
Which of the following is NOT considered when calculating the TPAL score?
Which of the following is NOT considered when calculating the TPAL score?
What is the estimated date of birth (EDB) if the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) is November 21?
What is the estimated date of birth (EDB) if the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) is November 21?
Which factor is NOT necessary for Nägele’s rule to accurately determine the estimated date of birth?
Which factor is NOT necessary for Nägele’s rule to accurately determine the estimated date of birth?
What does fundal height measurement correlate well with between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation?
What does fundal height measurement correlate well with between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation?
What is one aspect that is being considered if breastfeeding is discussed?
What is one aspect that is being considered if breastfeeding is discussed?
Which event related to child loss is mentioned in the context of breastfeeding?
Which event related to child loss is mentioned in the context of breastfeeding?
At what gestational age might quickening first be felt by the mother?
At what gestational age might quickening first be felt by the mother?
In the context provided, what type of child loss is discussed aside from miscarriage?
In the context provided, what type of child loss is discussed aside from miscarriage?
What is the typical fetal heartbeat range detected by an ultrasonic Doppler device at 8 to 12 weeks of gestation?
What is the typical fetal heartbeat range detected by an ultrasonic Doppler device at 8 to 12 weeks of gestation?
What factor can affect the accuracy of fundal height measurements during the third trimester?
What factor can affect the accuracy of fundal height measurements during the third trimester?
What are common types of losses referred to when considering the duration of breastfeeding?
What are common types of losses referred to when considering the duration of breastfeeding?
What implication could breastfeeding duration have in situations involving loss of a child?
What implication could breastfeeding duration have in situations involving loss of a child?
Which of the following is a requirement for measuring fundal height reliably?
Which of the following is a requirement for measuring fundal height reliably?
Which statement is inaccurate concerning ovulation and menstrual cycle timing?
Which statement is inaccurate concerning ovulation and menstrual cycle timing?
What is a common musculoskeletal adaptation during pregnancy?
What is a common musculoskeletal adaptation during pregnancy?
Which alteration in the gastrointestinal system is typically observed during pregnancy?
Which alteration in the gastrointestinal system is typically observed during pregnancy?
What urinary tract modification is expected during pregnancy?
What urinary tract modification is expected during pregnancy?
What cardiovascular change is commonly seen in pregnant women?
What cardiovascular change is commonly seen in pregnant women?
Which skin and hair change is frequently reported during pregnancy?
Which skin and hair change is frequently reported during pregnancy?
What condition may result from the pressure of the uterus on abdominal muscles during pregnancy?
What condition may result from the pressure of the uterus on abdominal muscles during pregnancy?
What skin condition is characterized by a darkening of the skin over the forehead and around the eyes during pregnancy?
What skin condition is characterized by a darkening of the skin over the forehead and around the eyes during pregnancy?
Which of the following describes the lumbar spinal curve that typically occurs during pregnancy?
Which of the following describes the lumbar spinal curve that typically occurs during pregnancy?
Which anatomical change in pregnant women results from the relaxation of pelvic joints due to hormonal changes?
Which anatomical change in pregnant women results from the relaxation of pelvic joints due to hormonal changes?
What is a common postural change in pregnant women that can lead to discomfort?
What is a common postural change in pregnant women that can lead to discomfort?
How can low backache during pregnancy be commonly explained?
How can low backache during pregnancy be commonly explained?
What is the appearance characterized by bright-red elevations of the skin radiating from a central body during pregnancy?
What is the appearance characterized by bright-red elevations of the skin radiating from a central body during pregnancy?
Which of the following describes the pigmented line that extends from the pubic area to the umbilicus during pregnancy?
Which of the following describes the pigmented line that extends from the pubic area to the umbilicus during pregnancy?
Which adaptation in a pregnant woman's body can affect the alignment of her spine?
Which adaptation in a pregnant woman's body can affect the alignment of her spine?
What is the primary hormonal influence causing increased skin pigmentation during pregnancy?
What is the primary hormonal influence causing increased skin pigmentation during pregnancy?
What physiological change is associated with an enlarged uterus during pregnancy?
What physiological change is associated with an enlarged uterus during pregnancy?
Which of the following best describes the effect of progesterone during pregnancy?
Which of the following best describes the effect of progesterone during pregnancy?
What change does the cardiovascular system undergo during pregnancy as a result of increased blood volume?
What change does the cardiovascular system undergo during pregnancy as a result of increased blood volume?
What symptom can occur due to estrogen-induced edema during pregnancy?
What symptom can occur due to estrogen-induced edema during pregnancy?
How does the breathing pattern change as pregnancy progresses?
How does the breathing pattern change as pregnancy progresses?
What physiological change in the gastrointestinal system is primarily associated with increased progesterone levels during pregnancy?
What physiological change in the gastrointestinal system is primarily associated with increased progesterone levels during pregnancy?
During pregnancy, what causes the urinary patterns observed in the first and third trimesters?
During pregnancy, what causes the urinary patterns observed in the first and third trimesters?
What condition might result from the inability of the kidneys to reabsorb all the glucose filtered by the glomeruli during pregnancy?
What condition might result from the inability of the kidneys to reabsorb all the glucose filtered by the glomeruli during pregnancy?
What is a possible consequence of decreased peristalsis and prolonged gallbladder emptying during pregnancy?
What is a possible consequence of decreased peristalsis and prolonged gallbladder emptying during pregnancy?
Which of the following gastrointestinal symptoms is commonly associated with upward displacement of the stomach by the enlarging uterus during pregnancy?
Which of the following gastrointestinal symptoms is commonly associated with upward displacement of the stomach by the enlarging uterus during pregnancy?
Which of the following signs is associated with physical changes in pelvic organs during pregnancy?
Which of the following signs is associated with physical changes in pelvic organs during pregnancy?
What condition might be indicated by excessively soft walls of a nonpregnant uterus?
What condition might be indicated by excessively soft walls of a nonpregnant uterus?
Which of these skin changes is attributed to melanocyte hormonal stimulation during pregnancy?
Which of these skin changes is attributed to melanocyte hormonal stimulation during pregnancy?
What is a likely cause for a positive pregnancy test result besides normal pregnancy?
What is a likely cause for a positive pregnancy test result besides normal pregnancy?
What might enlarged abdominal size in a woman indicate aside from pregnancy?
What might enlarged abdominal size in a woman indicate aside from pregnancy?
Which of the following conditions is linked to increased uterine blood flow during pregnancy?
Which of the following conditions is linked to increased uterine blood flow during pregnancy?
Which abnormal finding could potentially be discovered through palpation for fetal outline?
Which abnormal finding could potentially be discovered through palpation for fetal outline?
At what gestational age can the fetal outline typically be identified by palpation?
At what gestational age can the fetal outline typically be identified by palpation?
What is ballottement in the context of fetal assessment?
What is ballottement in the context of fetal assessment?
What technique does NOT allow for the identification of fetal movements?
What technique does NOT allow for the identification of fetal movements?
Which of the following statements about fetal movements is accurate?
Which of the following statements about fetal movements is accurate?
What is one reason an examiner might perform the ballottement technique?
What is one reason an examiner might perform the ballottement technique?
Which of the following is an indication of effective examination of fetal movement?
Which of the following is an indication of effective examination of fetal movement?
Which statement about the identification of fetal outlines through palpation is false?
Which statement about the identification of fetal outlines through palpation is false?
Which physical assessment method is specifically described as using the vagina and cervix?
Which physical assessment method is specifically described as using the vagina and cervix?
What is Goodell's sign indicative of during early pregnancy?
What is Goodell's sign indicative of during early pregnancy?
At what gestational age can Goodell's sign typically be observed?
At what gestational age can Goodell's sign typically be observed?
What physiological change accompanies the presence of Goodell's sign?
What physiological change accompanies the presence of Goodell's sign?
What type of sign is Goodell's sign classified as during the assessment of early pregnancy?
What type of sign is Goodell's sign classified as during the assessment of early pregnancy?
Which of the following correctly describes Goodell's sign?
Which of the following correctly describes Goodell's sign?
What physiological change in the uterine blood supply is primarily attributed to the growing uterus during pregnancy?
What physiological change in the uterine blood supply is primarily attributed to the growing uterus during pregnancy?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy?
In the context of pregnancy, what is the significance of the placenta's role after seven weeks?
In the context of pregnancy, what is the significance of the placenta's role after seven weeks?
What best explains the alteration in the ovaries during early pregnancy?
What best explains the alteration in the ovaries during early pregnancy?
What is an expected vascular change in the maternal body as a result of the growing uterus?
What is an expected vascular change in the maternal body as a result of the growing uterus?
What physiological change occurs as the uterus enlarges during pregnancy?
What physiological change occurs as the uterus enlarges during pregnancy?
Which statement accurately reflects the impact of increased blood volume during pregnancy?
Which statement accurately reflects the impact of increased blood volume during pregnancy?
What is a likely cause for nasal stuffiness and epistaxis during pregnancy?
What is a likely cause for nasal stuffiness and epistaxis during pregnancy?
How does progesterone primarily affect airway resistance during pregnancy?
How does progesterone primarily affect airway resistance during pregnancy?
Which change is NOT typically observed in the respiratory system due to the enlarging uterus?
Which change is NOT typically observed in the respiratory system due to the enlarging uterus?
What effect does estrogen have on nasal tissues during pregnancy?
What effect does estrogen have on nasal tissues during pregnancy?
Which skin change is commonly noted during pregnancy that involves darkening of the skin in specific areas?
Which skin change is commonly noted during pregnancy that involves darkening of the skin in specific areas?
What is the term used to describe the dark line that may develop on a pregnant person's abdomen?
What is the term used to describe the dark line that may develop on a pregnant person's abdomen?
What skin condition associated with pregnancy is characterized by the darkening of the areolae?
What skin condition associated with pregnancy is characterized by the darkening of the areolae?
Which pregnancy-related skin change might appear as streaks on the skin?
Which pregnancy-related skin change might appear as streaks on the skin?
During pregnancy, which term is most closely associated with the appearance of dark patches on the face?
During pregnancy, which term is most closely associated with the appearance of dark patches on the face?
Which of the following changes is least likely to be associated with skin texture during pregnancy?
Which of the following changes is least likely to be associated with skin texture during pregnancy?
What condition is characterized by low blood pressure due to pressure on major blood vessels during pregnancy?
What condition is characterized by low blood pressure due to pressure on major blood vessels during pregnancy?
How is supine hypotension syndrome typically corrected in pregnant women?
How is supine hypotension syndrome typically corrected in pregnant women?
What increase in iron intake is recommended for pregnant women?
What increase in iron intake is recommended for pregnant women?
What physiological change is indicated by a decreased hematocrit during pregnancy?
What physiological change is indicated by a decreased hematocrit during pregnancy?
What percentage increase in plasma volume is seen in pregnant women?
What percentage increase in plasma volume is seen in pregnant women?
Which of the following symptoms is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
Which of the following symptoms is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy?
What makes subjective signs of pregnancy unreliable as proof of pregnancy?
What makes subjective signs of pregnancy unreliable as proof of pregnancy?
Which statement is accurate regarding subjective changes experienced by a woman during early pregnancy?
Which statement is accurate regarding subjective changes experienced by a woman during early pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT considered a subjective change related to pregnancy?
Which of the following is NOT considered a subjective change related to pregnancy?
In what context is amenorrhea typically observed as a symptom of pregnancy?
In what context is amenorrhea typically observed as a symptom of pregnancy?
Which of the following is a possible endocrine factor contributing to amenorrhea?
Which of the following is a possible endocrine factor contributing to amenorrhea?
What are some common physiological causes of nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy?
What are some common physiological causes of nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy?
Which one of the following is NOT a typical cause of urinary frequency?
Which one of the following is NOT a typical cause of urinary frequency?
What does breast tenderness during early pregnancy NOT typically indicate?
What does breast tenderness during early pregnancy NOT typically indicate?
Which phenomenon is incorrectly associated with quickening?
Which phenomenon is incorrectly associated with quickening?
Which risk factor for amenorrhea is most related to systemic diseases?
Which risk factor for amenorrhea is most related to systemic diseases?
Which of the following statements about the causes of nausea and vomiting is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about the causes of nausea and vomiting is most accurate?
What does the Hegar sign indicate in the context of pregnancy?
What does the Hegar sign indicate in the context of pregnancy?
When can enlargement and softening of the body of the uterus be typically detected?
When can enlargement and softening of the body of the uterus be typically detected?
What anatomical region does the Hegar sign specifically pertain to?
What anatomical region does the Hegar sign specifically pertain to?
How is the Hegar sign significant in the assessment of pregnancy?
How is the Hegar sign significant in the assessment of pregnancy?
What is the relationship between Hegar sign and the isthmus of the uterus?
What is the relationship between Hegar sign and the isthmus of the uterus?
What change in the uterus might occur after the 8th week of pregnancy?
What change in the uterus might occur after the 8th week of pregnancy?
Flashcards
Nullipara
Nullipara
A woman who has had no births beyond 20 weeks gestation.
Primipara
Primipara
A woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks' gestation.
Multipara
Multipara
A woman who has had two or more births beyond 20 weeks gestation.
TPAL
TPAL
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LMP (Last Menstrual Period)
LMP (Last Menstrual Period)
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Menstrual cycle length
Menstrual cycle length
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Symptoms since LMP
Symptoms since LMP
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Conception timeframe
Conception timeframe
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Pregnancy plans
Pregnancy plans
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Attitude toward pregnancy
Attitude toward pregnancy
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Occupational History
Occupational History
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Father's History
Father's History
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Personal History
Personal History
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Prenatal Risk Factors
Prenatal Risk Factors
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Support Systems
Support Systems
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Transvaginal Ultrasound
Transvaginal Ultrasound
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Transabdominal Ultrasound
Transabdominal Ultrasound
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Gestational Sac
Gestational Sac
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Fetal Heart Activity
Fetal Heart Activity
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Fetal Breathing Movements
Fetal Breathing Movements
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Nägele's rule
Nägele's rule
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EDB
EDB
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Fundal height
Fundal height
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Quickening
Quickening
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Fetal heartbeat
Fetal heartbeat
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Why is Nägele's rule not always accurate?
Why is Nägele's rule not always accurate?
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What's the significance of fundal height?
What's the significance of fundal height?
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How long can a woman expect to feel quickening?
How long can a woman expect to feel quickening?
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Breastfeeding Duration
Breastfeeding Duration
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Loss of a Child
Loss of a Child
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What is meant by 'Loss of a Child' in pregnancy history?
What is meant by 'Loss of a Child' in pregnancy history?
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How might loss of a child influence a woman's approach to pregnancy?
How might loss of a child influence a woman's approach to pregnancy?
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Why is breastfeeding duration important in pregnancy history?
Why is breastfeeding duration important in pregnancy history?
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Skin Pigmentation Changes
Skin Pigmentation Changes
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Stretch Marks (Striae)
Stretch Marks (Striae)
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Linea Nigra
Linea Nigra
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Spider Nevi
Spider Nevi
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Pregnancy Waddling
Pregnancy Waddling
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Pregnancy Metabolism
Pregnancy Metabolism
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Weight Gain in Pregnancy
Weight Gain in Pregnancy
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First Trimester Weight Gain
First Trimester Weight Gain
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Second & Third Trimester Weight Gain
Second & Third Trimester Weight Gain
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Water Retention in Pregnancy
Water Retention in Pregnancy
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Lumbar Spinal Curve (Lordosis)
Lumbar Spinal Curve (Lordosis)
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Diastasis Recti
Diastasis Recti
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Low Back Pain during Pregnancy
Low Back Pain during Pregnancy
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Postural Changes During Pregnancy
Postural Changes During Pregnancy
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How does posture change during pregnancy?
How does posture change during pregnancy?
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Progesterone's effect on airways
Progesterone's effect on airways
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How does pregnancy affect oxygen consumption?
How does pregnancy affect oxygen consumption?
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Breathing changes during pregnancy
Breathing changes during pregnancy
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Why do nose stuffiness and nosebleeds happen during pregnancy?
Why do nose stuffiness and nosebleeds happen during pregnancy?
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How does blood volume change during pregnancy ?
How does blood volume change during pregnancy ?
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Saliva Increase
Saliva Increase
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Delayed Gastric Emptying
Delayed Gastric Emptying
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Heartburn (Pyrosis)
Heartburn (Pyrosis)
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Frequent Urination
Frequent Urination
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Glucoseuria
Glucoseuria
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Fetal Outline Palpation
Fetal Outline Palpation
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Ballottement
Ballottement
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What is the significance of fetal outline palpation?
What is the significance of fetal outline palpation?
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Why is ballottement important?
Why is ballottement important?
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Goodell's Sign
Goodell's Sign
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Chadwick's Sign
Chadwick's Sign
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Hegar's Sign
Hegar's Sign
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Braxton Hicks Contractions
Braxton Hicks Contractions
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Uterine Souffle
Uterine Souffle
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Chloasma (Melasma)
Chloasma (Melasma)
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Uterine Vascularization
Uterine Vascularization
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Corpus Luteum's Role
Corpus Luteum's Role
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Ovulation During Pregnancy
Ovulation During Pregnancy
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Placenta's Hormonal Role
Placenta's Hormonal Role
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Pregnancy Hormones and Blood Vessels
Pregnancy Hormones and Blood Vessels
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Oxygen Consumption During Pregnancy
Oxygen Consumption During Pregnancy
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Nose Stuffiness and Nosebleeds in Pregnancy
Nose Stuffiness and Nosebleeds in Pregnancy
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Blood Volume Increase During Pregnancy
Blood Volume Increase During Pregnancy
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Why is blood volume increase important in pregnancy?
Why is blood volume increase important in pregnancy?
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What causes nipple darkening?
What causes nipple darkening?
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Why might a pregnant woman experience waddling?
Why might a pregnant woman experience waddling?
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Supine Hypotension Syndrome
Supine Hypotension Syndrome
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Iron Requirement During Pregnancy
Iron Requirement During Pregnancy
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Physiological Anemia in Pregnancy
Physiological Anemia in Pregnancy
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What causes the waddling gait in pregnancy?
What causes the waddling gait in pregnancy?
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Why is breathing different during pregnancy?
Why is breathing different during pregnancy?
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Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea
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Subjective (Presumptive) Changes
Subjective (Presumptive) Changes
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What is the corpus luteum's role in pregnancy?
What is the corpus luteum's role in pregnancy?
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Why does ovulation stop during pregnancy?
Why does ovulation stop during pregnancy?
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What is the placenta's hormonal role?
What is the placenta's hormonal role?
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Enlargement and Softening of the Uterus
Enlargement and Softening of the Uterus
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What causes Hegar's Sign?
What causes Hegar's Sign?
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Softening of the Cervix
Softening of the Cervix
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Bluish Discoloration of the Cervix
Bluish Discoloration of the Cervix
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Why does the uterus soften during pregnancy?
Why does the uterus soften during pregnancy?
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Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and Vomiting
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Urinary Frequency
Urinary Frequency
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Breast Tenderness
Breast Tenderness
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Increased Peristalsis
Increased Peristalsis
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Flatus
Flatus
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Study Notes
Antepartum Nursing Assessment
- Antepartum: Time between conception and the start of labor; a prenatal period
- Intrapartum: Time from the start of true labor until birth of the baby and placenta
- Postpartum: Time from placenta and membrane delivery until the woman's body returns to a non-pregnant state (typically about 6 weeks)
- Gestation: Number of weeks since the first day of the last menstrual period
- Abortion: Birth before 20 weeks' gestation or birth of a fetus weighing less than 500g
- Stillbirth: Baby born dead after 20 weeks' gestation
- Term: Normal duration of pregnancy
- Full-term: Births occurring between 39 weeks 0 days and 40 weeks 6 days
- Postterm: Births occurring after 42 weeks
Additional Terms
- Preterm labor: Labor occurring after 20 weeks but before completion of 36 weeks' gestation
- Postterm labor: Labor occurring after 42 weeks' gestation
- Gravida: Any pregnancy, including the current one (abbreviated as G)
- Nulligravida: Woman who has never been pregnant
- Primigravida: Woman pregnant for the first time
- Multigravida: Woman pregnant for the second or subsequent time
- Para: Birth after 20 weeks' gestation, regardless of whether the baby is alive or dead (abbreviated as P)
- Nullipara: Woman who has never had a birth at or after 20 weeks
- Primipara: Woman who has had one birth at or after 20 weeks
- Multipara: Woman who has had two or more births at or after 20 weeks
TPAL
- T: Number of early, full-term, or late-term births
- P: Number of premature births (before 37 weeks), whether living or stillborn
- A: Number of pregnancies ending in either spontaneous or therapeutic abortion (before 20 weeks)
- L: Number of currently living children
Prenatal History
- Details of Current Pregnancy:
- First day of last menstrual period (LMP)
- Cramping, bleeding, or spotting
- Time of conception and estimated due date
- Woman's attitude toward pregnancy (planned?)
- Results of pregnancy tests
- Any discomforts since LMP (e.g., nausea, vomiting)
- History of Past Pregnancies:
- Number of pregnancies
- Number of abortions (spontaneous or induced)
- Number of living children
- History of previous pregnancies (length, type of birth, complications, anesthesia)
- Neonatal status of previous children (Apgar scores, birth weight)
- Loss of a child: (cause if known)
- Blood type and Rh factor
- Prenatal education classes and resources
Gynecologic History
- Date of last Pap smear and result
- Previous infections (vaginal, cervical, PID, STIs)
- Previous surgeries (uterine, ovarian)
- Age at menarche
- Duration of menstrual flow, regularity, and frequency
- History of dysmenorrhea
- History of infertility
- Contraceptive history
- Issues related to infertility or fertility treatment
Current Medical History
- Weight, height, BMI
- General health (diet, allergies, intolerances)
- Exercise program
- Breast self-examination
- Eye examination
- Date of last dental examination
- Meds currently taking
- Use of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine
- Illicit drug use
- Drug allergies
- Potential teratogens
- Chronic conditions
- Illnesses since LMP
- Immunizations (especially rubella)
Past Medical History
- Childhood diseases
- Past treatments (hospitalizations, injuries)
- Surgical procedures
- Bleeding disorders (blood transfusion history)
- Family medical history (diabetes, heart disease, cancer, hypertension)
- Multiple births
- Congenital diseases
- Cesarean birth history
Genetic History
- Birth defects
- Recurrent pregnancy loss
- Stillbirth
- Genetic disorders (e.g., cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, muscular dystrophy)
- Religious, spiritual, and cultural history (beliefs influencing health care choices)
Current Medical History
- Disease conditions (e.g., diabetes)
- Immunizations
- Uncommon symptoms
Occupational History
- Physical demands
- Exposure to chemicals/harmful substances
- Opportunity for meals/breaks
- Provision for maternity or family leave
Father's History
- Age
- Significant health problems
- Blood type and Rh factor
- Genetic conditions/diseases in family history
- Occupation
- Educational level
- Tobacco, drug, and alcohol use
- Thoughts/feelings about pregnancy
Personal History
- Age
- Educational level
- Housing stability and neighborhood safety
- Economic level
- Emotional/physical deprivation history
- Emotional/mental health issues (depression, anxiety)
- Support systems
- Personal preferences regarding the birth
- Childfeeding preference
Prenatal Risk Factor Screening
- Risk factors that suggest a negative outcome for the woman or her unborn child
- Screening for these factors is an important part of prenatal assessments. Some factors are identified during initial assessment
Initial Prenatal Assessment
- Physical, cultural, and psychosocial factors affecting the woman's health
- Building nurse-client relationship
- Discussing religious/spiritual, cultural, and socioeconomic factors
- Preparing the woman for physical examination (vital signs, body, pelvic exams)
- Obtaining urine sample
Determination of Due Date
- Nägele's rule to estimate due date
- Accurate if cycles are regular, LMP is known, and no contraceptives were used
Subsequent Prenatal Assessment
- Regular visit schedule
- Prenatal exam frequency
- Tests during visits (vital signs, weight, edema, uterine size, fetal heartbeat, urinalysis, blood tests (AFP, glucose), vaginal swab for group B strep, psychological assessment
Normal Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy
- Pulse, Respiration, Temperature, BP
- Weight, nose, chest, lungs (diameter ratios), skin, mouth, neck
- Breasts (size, pigmentation), abdomen (size, enlargement), extremities (edema), spine (curve)
- Pelvic area, cervix, uterus, laboratory tests
Basic Screening Tests
- Pap smear
- Urinalysis
- Complete blood count
- Rubella titer
- ABO and Rh typing
- Hepatitis B screen
- Syphilis and gonorrhea screening
Other Tests
- Drug screen
- HIV testing
- Sickle cell screen
- Cystic fibrosis screen
- Chromosomal anomalies and neural tube defect screen
- 1-hr 50g GTT
- Group B strep test
Subsequent Client History
- Family adjustments and preparations
- Discomfort experiences
- Physical changes related to pregnancy
- Exposure to contagious illnesses
- Treatment and therapy prescribed
- Medications and herbal supplements use
- Complementary and alternative therapies use
- Identifying danger signs during pregnancy
Danger Signs of Pregnancy
- Report these immediately to your care provider
Fetal Assessment
- Quickening: fetal movements felt by the mother around 16-22 weeks' gestation
- Fetal heartbeat: 8-12 weeks, using an ultrasound
- Ultrasound: early-pregnancy uses transvaginal; otherwise transabdominal, typically after 10 weeks, gestational sac seen at 5 weeks
Pelvic Adequacy Assessment
- Assess vaginal opening adequacy for natural birth
- Measures pelvic inlet and outlet dimensions using various techniques/measurements (e.g., diagonal and obstetric conjugates, anteroposterior and transverse diameters)
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to the antepartum period in nursing assessment. It includes definitions and terminologies regarding gestation, labor stages, and pregnancy classifications. Test your knowledge about prenatal nursing care and related terms.
