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Questions and Answers
Which method of pregnancy diagnosis involves an analysis of progesterone levels?
What is a key advantage of using palpation for pregnancy diagnosis in sows?
In the vaginal biopsy method, what is primarily analyzed after collecting the sample?
What is a disadvantage of hormone analysis for pregnancy diagnosis?
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At what gestation period can palpation effectively diagnose pregnancy in sows?
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Which method is considered the most accurate for detecting pregnancy but also the most expensive?
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Which of the following describes the process of conducting a vaginal biopsy?
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What can early detection of pregnancy in sows help avoid?
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What is the main purpose of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
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During what phase is the cervix dilated?
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What is the primary function of the infundibulum in the female reproductive tract?
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Which structure serves as the muscular junction between the vagina and uterus?
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What is the main role of the oviduct in the female reproductive tract?
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Which feature of the vulva indicates a female pig is approaching estrus?
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What is one main change that occurs in hormone levels within the estrous cycle?
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What defines the biological purpose of the uterus in the female reproductive system?
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What is the primary principle behind the use of ultrasonic pregnancy detectors?
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What can cause false positives when using an ultrasonic detector?
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Which method of pregnancy diagnosis provides the highest accuracy in developed countries?
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How does the Doppler ultrasound detect pregnancy?
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During which time frame is fetal movement and heartbeat detectable using Doppler ultrasound?
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What indicates a positive result when using the Pregtone® pregnancy tester?
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Which situation can lead to incorrect interpretation of sounds detected by a Doppler ultrasound?
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What happens to the sensitivity of ultrasonic pregnancy detectors 80 to 90 days after breeding?
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Study Notes
Pregnancy Diagnosis in Sows
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Early Pregnancy Signs:
- Middle uterine artery: Visible after 25 days of gestation
- Umbilical vessels: Visible after 75 days of gestation
- Fetal heartbeat: Detected after 85 days of gestation
Methods of Pregnancy Diagnosis
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External Signs: Observing the sow's physical appearance can indicate pregnancy but is not a reliable method.
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Hormone Analysis (Blood and Urine):
- Progesterone levels are analyzed in blood or urine.
- Serum analysis is conducted after day 22 of gestation using a small stylette to puncture the ear vein.
- Time-consuming and expensive.
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Vaginal Biopsy:
- Involves removing a small sample of the vaginal mucous membrane using a special instrument.
- Time-consuming, expensive, and rarely used.
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Palpation:
- A valuable method for diagnosing pregnancy in mature sows after 30 days of gestation.
- Rectal examination is simple, rapid, and doesn't require expensive equipment or laboratory facilities.
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Scanner:
- Similar scanning equipment used in humans for pregnancy detection.
- Expensive but highly accurate.
Advantages of Early Pregnancy Detection
- Identify sows for culling or rebreeding: Allows for identification of non-pregnant, feed-wasting sows.
- Early warning of breeding troubles: Helps detect issues with infertile boars or cystic ovaries in sows.
- Effective use of breeding facilities: Enables producers to plan for farrowing, nursing, and finishing.
- Avoids selling of pregnant sows: Prevents unintentional sale of pregnant sows.
Ultrasound Methods
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Amplitude Depth Ultrasound Machines:
- Use ultrasonic echo from fluid in the uterus.
- Uterine fluid increases after conception and is detectable 25-30 days after breeding.
- Remains detectable for 80-90 days after breeding.
- Accuracy can be affected by factors like the fetus exceeding uterine fluid content or a full bladder.
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Doppler Ultrasound Machines:
- More accurate and can be used throughout pregnancy (26 days to term).
- Widely used in developed countries with a high accuracy rate (90%).
- Detects changes in blood flow in arteries supplying the womb, fetal movement, placenta, and fetal heartbeat.
- False positives can occur due to womb infection, embryo absorption, early estrus, or inexperience.
How to Use the Doppler Ultrasound Tester
- Placement: Position the tester 2-3 centimeters from the last or second teat at the back of the sow.
- Result: A continuous beep indicates pregnancy (using Pregtone® tester). Using the MEDATA® tester, different sounds indicate pregnancy.
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Description
Explore the various methods of pregnancy diagnosis in sows, including early signs, hormone analysis, and palpation techniques. Understand how and when to identify pregnancy effectively during gestation periods. This quiz provides insights into veterinary practices related to swine reproduction.
