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Pregnancy and Fetal Development
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Pregnancy and Fetal Development

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Questions and Answers

Which disorder is caused by a baby receiving a dominant trait from both parents?

  • Cystic fibrosis
  • BRCA1/2 mutation
  • Marfan syndrome
  • Huntington’s disease (correct)

    • Which disorder is an example of an X-linked recessive trait?

  • Marfan syndrome
  • Huntington’s disease
  • Hemophilia (correct)
  • Turner syndrome

    • What is the result of trisomy in terms of chromosomes?

  • Extra set of chromosomes
  • Extra copy of one chromosome (correct)
  • Normal number of chromosomes
  • Missing chromosome

    • What is the characteristic feature of Down Syndrome?

    <p>Enlarged tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Oligohydramnios" refers to which fetal condition?

    <p>&quot;Small amounts of amniotic fluid&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Maintains pregnancy through progesterone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for cesarean birth in the late 19th century?

    <p>To save the baby when the mother had no chance of surviving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a Birth Center as described in the text?

    <p>It is for low-risk patients only and not a hospital setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM) in birth settings?

    <p>Provides care throughout pregnancy, assists with birth, and provides primary care for mother and infant after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG's) on hospital practices?

    <p>Hospitals began discharging patients early to reduce costs, leading to health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Grantly Dick-Read's idea in the 1950’s?

    <p>To advocate that women didn’t want to be unconscious or restrained during childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective behind the concept of LDRP (Labor, Delivery, Recovery, Postpartum) rooms in hospitals?

    <p>To provide a homelike setting with continuous care throughout labor, delivery, and recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of pregnancy associated with violence during the pregnancy and postpartum period?

    <p>Preterm birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical principle should nurses uphold when dealing with pregnant women experiencing abuse?

    <p>Empower the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landmark case in 1973 shaped the legal landscape surrounding elective termination of pregnancy?

    <p>Roe vs. Wade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What raises ethical questions about reproductive rights and medical interventions, such as mandated contraception and fetal injury?

    <p>Intrauterine therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What involves monitoring blood pressure and genetics, including DNA, chromosomes, karyotypes, and Punnett squares?

    <p>Antepartum care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What raises complex questions about personal autonomy and medical intervention in reproductive healthcare?

    <p>Surrogate parenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common causes of infant mortality mentioned in the text?

    <p>Malformations, premature birth, and maternal complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which healthcare providers play different roles in maternal care according to the text?

    <p>Aides, LPNs, surgical techs, RNs, LM, and primary care providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of systemic barriers to prenatal care mentioned in the text?

    <p>Institutional practices, conflicts with work schedules, lack of transportation, and childcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nurse's role in maternal care according to the text?

    <p>Communication, education, collaboration, research, advocacy, and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some attitudinal barriers to prenatal care mentioned in the text?

    <p>Unsympathetic healthcare workers and rushed examinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which weeks does the embryonic period occur?

    <p>Weeks 2-8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ facilitates gas, nutrient, waste, and antibody transfer between the mother and the fetus?

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what week does the onset of viability typically occur during fetal development?

    <p>24 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system in pregnant women is affected by increased oxygen consumption and the risk of supine hypotension?

    <p>Respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What undergoes changes after birth as part of fetal circulation?

    <p>Umbilical cord, ductus venosus, and ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of the nurse in maternal care?

    <p>Advocating for culturally competent care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of systemic barriers to prenatal care?

    <p>Institutional practices and conflicts with work schedules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do affluent, middle class, and working poor/unemployed individuals differ in seeking prenatal care?

    <p>Working poor/unemployed individuals may face financial barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential attitudinal barrier to prenatal care?

    <p>Unsympathetic healthcare workers and rushed examinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does culturally competent care lead to?

    <p>Better relationships and reduced complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of religion on birthing preferences?

    <p>Can influence preferences for birthing support and procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the use of forceps in the late 19th century?

    <p>To assist in pulling the baby out during childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which birth setting is characterized by a more homelike environment and less expensive care?

    <p>Homebirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Grantly Dick-Read's contributions to childbirth practices in the 1950’s?

    <p>Encouraging deep breathing techniques for women in labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant impact of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG's) on hospital practices?

    <p>Reduction in costs by discharging patients early</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a role of Certified Nurse Midwives (CNMs) in birth settings?

    <p>Providing primary care for mother and infant after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important characteristic of a Birth Center as described in the text?

    <p>It provides a more homelike setting for childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary ethical consideration for nurses dealing with pregnant women experiencing abuse?

    <p>Ensuring privacy and confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the Roe vs. Wade case shape the legal landscape surrounding elective termination of pregnancy?

    <p>1973</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What raises ethical questions about reproductive rights and medical interventions, such as mandated contraception and fetal injury?

    <p>Intrauterine therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Punnett squares in genetics?

    <p>Illustrating dominant and recessive traits in single gene inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of antepartum care?

    <p>Monitoring blood pressure and genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of bioethics in healthcare?

    <p>Applying ethics to healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a baby receiving a dominant trait from both parents?

    <p>The baby will show a severe variation of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Down Syndrome?

    <p>Trisomy on the 21st chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Turner Syndrome?

    <p>Short stature and infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of fetal lung development disruption?

    <p>Oligohydramnios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may result from an embryo having one or more extra sets of chromosomes?

    <p>Polyploidy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetic counseling in maternal-fetal medicine?

    <p>To provide information and support to individuals at risk of or affected by genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>Facilitating gas, nutrient, waste, and antibody transfer between the mother and the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which weeks does the embryonic period occur?

    <p>Weeks 2-8 of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the fetal development milestones?

    <p>Closure of the neural tube, development of organs, and onset of viability at 24 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What undergoes changes after birth as part of fetal circulation?

    <p>Umbilical cord and ductus venosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk associated with monozygotic pregnancies?

    <p>'Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does multifetal pregnancies affect maternal physiologic changes?

    <p>'Greater changes leading to increased workload for the heart and respiratory difficulties'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pregnancy and Fetal Development

    • Rubella can cross the placenta and harm the baby if given immediately after birth
    • The placenta is a highly vascular organ that facilitates gas, nutrient, waste, and antibody transfer between the mother and the fetus
    • The embryonic period occurs during weeks 2-8 of pregnancy, and the fetal period spans weeks 9-38
    • Fetal development milestones include the closure of the neural tube, development of organs, and the onset of viability at 24 weeks
    • Fetal circulation involves the umbilical cord, ductus venosus, and ductus arteriosus, which undergo changes after birth
    • Multifetal pregnancies can be monozygotic (identical) or dizygotic (fraternal), with unique complications for each
    • The reproductive system undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, including uterine growth, cervical changes, and increased vascularity in the vagina and vulva
    • The cardiovascular system experiences an increase in blood volume, cardiac output, and plasma volume, as well as alterations in blood pressure and flow
    • The respiratory system is affected by increased oxygen consumption and the risk of supine hypotension in pregnant women
    • Monozygotic pregnancies can result in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, which poses risks to both twins
    • Maternal physiologic changes are greater in multifetal pregnancies, leading to increased workload for the heart and respiratory difficulties
    • The presence of multiple fetuses requires special antepartum care, including more frequent visits, ultrasounds, and education on signs of preterm labor

    Pregnancy and Fetal Development

    • Rubella can cross the placenta and harm the baby if given immediately after birth
    • The placenta is a highly vascular organ that facilitates gas, nutrient, waste, and antibody transfer between the mother and the fetus
    • The embryonic period occurs during weeks 2-8 of pregnancy, and the fetal period spans weeks 9-38
    • Fetal development milestones include the closure of the neural tube, development of organs, and the onset of viability at 24 weeks
    • Fetal circulation involves the umbilical cord, ductus venosus, and ductus arteriosus, which undergo changes after birth
    • Multifetal pregnancies can be monozygotic (identical) or dizygotic (fraternal), with unique complications for each
    • The reproductive system undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, including uterine growth, cervical changes, and increased vascularity in the vagina and vulva
    • The cardiovascular system experiences an increase in blood volume, cardiac output, and plasma volume, as well as alterations in blood pressure and flow
    • The respiratory system is affected by increased oxygen consumption and the risk of supine hypotension in pregnant women
    • Monozygotic pregnancies can result in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, which poses risks to both twins
    • Maternal physiologic changes are greater in multifetal pregnancies, leading to increased workload for the heart and respiratory difficulties
    • The presence of multiple fetuses requires special antepartum care, including more frequent visits, ultrasounds, and education on signs of preterm labor

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about pregnancy and fetal development with this quiz covering topics such as placental function, embryonic and fetal periods, multifetal pregnancies, physiological changes in the mother, and antepartum care.

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