Preeclampsia: Symptoms, Risks & Treatment

• Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure, kidney damage (proteinuria), or other signs of organ damage.
• This condition typically onsets after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women with previously normal blood pressure.
• Preeclampsia accounts for 2-8% of pregnancy complications.
• It results in over 50,000 maternal deaths and 500,000 fetal deaths globally.

Importance of Early Intervention

• Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are vital.
• They help prevent morbidity and mortality linked to preeclampsia.
• Untreated preeclampsia can lead to severe, potentially fatal complications for both the mother and baby.
• Early delivery may be necessary, depending on the severity and gestational age.

Treatment

• Treatments involve careful monitoring and medication to lower blood pressure.
• Also aiming to manage any complications.
• Preeclampsia is more prevalent in developing countries.
• Occurs more often in multiple pregnancies and conditions related to microvascular disease.

Research Objective

• The research aims to identify the spread of preeclampsia, the most affected groups, and common treatments.
• The research is focused on Ibb city.
• It is designed to benefit researchers pursuing higher education in health sciences, specifically as a medical assistant.

Research Benefits

• The research can aid competent authorities, such as the Ministry of Public Health and Population.
• This can be done with improving the procedures in hospitals for gestational toxicosis patients.
• The goal is improve the problem of developing appropriate solutions.

Research Impact

• The research can educate society, especially mothers.
• Improving the knowledge of preeclampsia to aid prevention and treatment.

Definition of Eclampsia

• Eclampsia is characterized by a sudden increase in blood pressure.
• Presence of proteindiureticor edema, affecting organs like the liver, kidneys, brain, and placenta.
• Common in developed and developing countries, with symptoms appearing in the last stage of pregnancy in women who had normal pressure beforehand.

Identification of Preeclampsia

• Preeclampsia is defined as new-onset hypertension.
• Identification requires a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or more on two occasions at least 4 hours apart.
• Shorter time spans when systolic blood pressure is 160 mm Hg or more or diastolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg or more.
• These must be identified after 20 weeks of gestation.

Initial Presentation

• Initial preeclampsia presentation typically arises in near-term pregnancies.
• Clinical signs include proteinuria, signs of end-organ damage (thrombocytopenia), impaired liver function, severe right upper quadrant or epigastric pain.
• Also new-onset headache unresponsive to management forms, pulmonary edema, or renal insufficiency with abnormal lab values are key signs.

Pregnancy Changes

• Pregnancy involves changes in the mother's internal environment.
• Changes include blood motility and hormone levels.
• Chemical variables in pregnant women affect the ability to provide for fetal growth.

Potential Outcomes

• Preeclampsia can lead to complications even death for both mother and baby.
• Standard treatments include delivery of the fetus, especially if diagnosis occurs early in pregnancy.

Risk Factors and Considerations

• Genetic, immune, endocrine factors, food, and infection may causes
• Placenta/fetal membranes play a major role.
• The United States, 5% of pregnancies develop pre-eclampsia, and of those from 0.5-2% the disease progresses pre-eclampsia.

Social Factors

• Disease is increased among women with low economic and social standards of living.
• The disease increases cases of maternal morbidity and mortality.

Complications from Preeclampsia

• May include permanent damage to the nervous system or intracranial hemorrhage.
• Can also result in kidney failure and death.
• Causes of death for newborns include premature birth, placental infarctions, intrauterine growth retardation, abruptio placentae, and placental abruptio placentae deficiency.

Potential Diagnostic Signs

• Preeclampsia may be defined as convulsions or coma unrelated to other brain conditions, occurring in pregnant women.
• Although most cases occur in the last three months of pregnancy or within 48 hours after birth, rare cases have been recorded earlier or later.

Causes of Preeclampsia

• Preeclampsia originates in the placenta.
• Blood vessels do not grow/function correctly.
• Narrower than normal blood vessels and reactivity differently to hormonal signals.
• Limiting blood flow.
• Abnormal development may be due to insufficient blood, vessel damage, immune issues, or genetics.

Risk Factors

• Personal/family history of pre-eclampsia.
• Chronic hypertension.
• First pregnancy (increases risk).
• Age risk (very young or over 40).
• Overweight and obesity increases risk.
• Multiples and short/long pregnancy intervals can also cause it.
• History of medical conditions (high blood pressure, migraines, diabetes, kidney issues, clotting disorders or lupus).
• IVF also increases the risk of having the disease.

Potential Placenta Abnormalities

• Chronic high blood pressure.
• Suffering from high blood pressure during pregnancy.
• Age higher risk (over 35 or under 20).
• History of two or three previous children.
• Diabetes conditions that affect the blood vessels.
• Kidney issues.
• Increased protein in urine.
• Malnutrition or severe weakness.

Diagnosis

• Doctors using tests including testing blood.tests
• Checking blood clotting abilities, kidney and liver function in blood tests is important.
• Checking creatinine and urine tests.

Preeclampsia Risks

• It is a pregnancy complication with high blood pressure.
• High blood pressure is dangerous with other signs of organ damage to the liver or kidneys.
• Slight rise in blood pressure is a sing of disease is a sign.

History that increases pre-clampsia chance

• Had preeclampsia in the past
• Diabetes or an inflammatory affects immune system like a wolf
• Carrying twins
• Family history/genes
• It's your first pregnancy
• Overweight
• Not getting pregnant after the age of 35.
• Lack of prenatal medical care/family history of illness and pressure before kidney disease
• Illness systemic lupus erythematosus

Preeclampsia Symptoms

-Include hypertension, face swelling, hand swelling, headache, abnormal weight gain, vomiting, vision, difficulty urinating

• Blood pressure must be monitored

Preeclampsia Diagnoses requires

• Protein in urine.
• Low platelet count.
• Low liver function.
• Symptoms of kidney problems.
• Presence of fluis
• Headache or disturbances

Preeclampsia risks include:

• Fetal growth
• Before date risks If they occur too easy in the term
• More severe
• Bleeding that they happen

Preeclampsia and its relationship to high blood pressure disorders

• Preeclampsia is in group high blood pressure disorders during pregnancy
• High blood pressure in protein are the other factors.

Preeclampsia and its relationship to high blood pressure disorders treatment include

• Gestational hypertension
• Have high blood pressure

Signs and symptoms of preeclampsia cramps symptoms include

• Distorted face
• Ewes change

Preeclampsia and its relationship to high blood pressure disorders management include

• Respiratory failure
• Spasm to prevent the tongue from being eaten
• Breathing process

Preeclampsia coma requires

• Loss of conscious

• Analysis

• 24 hour for pro Tien's creatine

• Ct stand the head

Preeclampsia in pregnancy process Requires

• Checkup
• Care after test

Care providers have the following protocol

• Bed rest
• Time off work

Delivery process

• Early delivery only choice

Preeclampsia early emergency management

• Observation and observation by the doctors
• Blood oxygen management and support

Analysis management

• Prevention from other issues

Doctors must deliver a patient until

• Convulsions are gone and the body is under control

Fetal monitoring

• Pressure in the heart
• Decreased in the baby

Patients must consider

• No vomiting in sleep and have a good bed rest position
• Patient activity

Management

• Pressure must be considered before starting

Management

• Fluid check up

Fetal management must consider and involve

• Weigh of amniotic

Care

• Medicine such as hypertension and steroids for the baby to get along.

Meds management with Preeclampsia

• Reduce pressure to the body and blood
• The first check is to manage before the patient has features such as stress that it can trigger it
• Proper well being

Best meds as prevention include

• Preeclampsia is one of the diseases that is in the pregnancy that is caused by bacteria
• It is better for health because it reduces maternal mortality, and the
• Doctors need to keep proper care of the patient since it's not easy

Best med to prevent

• Magnesium
• Penicillin
• Diet zepam to bring back the body

Medicines to bring the hbp include

• Hydrophone
• 3 If there is a shortage in brain and pulse

Monitoring after all the management is done

• Blood pressure
• New results are the

Preeclampsia must make the body be

• Health before you get pregnant, so you already have better chances to begin a
• Low aspirin

A doctor needs and looks for what types of factors in order to prevent preeclampsia

• Headaches
• Loss of balance
• Shortness of breath