Preeclampsia and Eclampsia Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the initial step in the nursing management of a patient with PROM?

Monitor the patient regularly and report any signs of changes immediately (correct)

Insert an indwelling urinary catheter

Administer magnesium sulfate

Provide emotional support for the patient and family

Which medication is used as an antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity?

Calcium gluconate (correct)

Corticosteroid

Hydralazine

Diazepam

What is the recommended therapy for a patient with preeclampsia?

Control of preexisting hypertension during pregnancy

Complete bed rest and antihypertensive drugs (correct)

Prompt inducement of labor

Immediate IV administration of magnesium, oxygen therapy, and fetal monitoring

What is a common sign of chorioamnionitis that should be monitored in patients?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

When should an indwelling urinary catheter be inserted in a patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)?

If the patient develops seizures Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using hydralazine in the medical management of patients with preeclampsia?

To act as an antihypertensive (vasodilator) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the cardinal signs of preeclampsia?

Proteinuria Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic finding confirms premature rupture of membranes (ROM)?

Evident ferning Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with severe preeclampsia and involves hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and a low platelet count?

HELLP syndrome Signup and view all the answers

In pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), what is thought to produce decreased blood flow through the placenta and maternal organs?

Generalized arteriolar vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What assessment finding may indicate infection in the context of premature rupture of membranes (PROM)?

Fetal tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

How is HELLP syndrome managed?

Magnesium sulfate administration for cathartic effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention for a patient with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM)?

Initiate continuous fetal monitoring and assess for contractions. Signup and view all the answers

A patient with gestational hypertension develops new-onset proteinuria and visual disturbances. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Preeclampsia Signup and view all the answers

A patient with preterm PROM at 32 weeks gestation is being managed expectantly. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

Monitor for signs of chorioamnionitis and fetal well-being. Signup and view all the answers

A patient with severe preeclampsia is being prepared for an emergent cesarean delivery. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

Administer magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis. Signup and view all the answers

A patient with preterm PROM at 28 weeks gestation is being managed expectantly. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent chorioamnionitis?

Administer prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics. Signup and view all the answers

A patient with gestational hypertension develops severe headaches and epigastric pain. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?

Initiate continuous fetal monitoring and assess vital signs. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Preeclampsia

Affects 7% of pregnancies, more common in nulliparous women, multiple fetuses, and those with a history of vascular disease
Characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema after 20 weeks' gestation
Can be mild or severe, with severe preeclampsia defined by 160/110 mmHg blood pressure and +3/+4 on reagent test strip

Eclampsia

Convulsive form of preeclampsia, occurring between 24 weeks' gestation and the end of the first postpartum week
May progress to complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, liver rupture, and coma
Defined by the onset of a grand mal seizure

Management

Goals: stop the disorder's progression, ensure fetal survival, and manage symptoms
Conservative approach: complete bed rest and antihypertensive drugs
Medical management: magnesium sulfate, hydralazine, diazepam, calcium gluconate, and corticosteroids
Nursing management: monitor patient regularly, report any signs of changes, and observe for signs and symptoms of fetal distress

Complications

Intrauterine growth retardation, placental infarcts, and abruptio placentae
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count (HELLP syndrome)
Stillbirth, seizures, coma, premature labor, renal failure, and hepatic damage in the mother

HELLP Syndrome

Managed through platelet transfusion, magnesium sulfate, corticosteroids, and bed rest
Requires careful monitoring and management to prevent complications

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH)

Pathophysiology: generalized arteriolar vasoconstriction, decreased blood flow through the placenta and maternal organs
Changes associated with PIH: vascular changes, premature rupture of membranes, and renal and interstitial tissue changes

Assessment and Diagnostic Findings

Assessment findings: proteinuria, edema, seizure, and hypertension
Diagnostic findings: ferning, nitrazine test, and ultrasound

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Description

Test your knowledge about preeclampsia and eclampsia, two serious pregnancy-related conditions. Learn about the cardinal signs, risk factors, and complications associated with these disorders.