Pre-Spanish Period in the Philippines

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal of Quezon's 'Social Justice' program?

To facilitate international trade agreements

To ensure the well-being and economic security of all people (correct)

To promote agricultural exports

To support industrialization efforts

What did Commonwealth Act No. 178 modify?

Landlord-tenant relationships (correct)

The provisions for tenant dismissal

Housing contracts between landlords and tenants

The wage rates for agricultural workers

How did the National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC) benefit tenants?

By regulating land ownership

By establishing the price of rice and corn (correct)

By providing free seeds to farmers

By subsidizing farmer's expenses

What was the effect of the Hukbalahap during the Japanese Occupation?

Peasants gained control of lands from landlords that supported the Japanese. Signup and view all the answers

What did Republic Act No. 34 establish?

The 70-30 sharing arrangements Signup and view all the answers

Which law replaced the National Land Settlement Administration?

Executive Order No. 355 Signup and view all the answers

What issue persisted even after the establishment of the Philippine Republic in 1946?

Problems of land tenure Signup and view all the answers

What safeguard did Republic Act No. 55 provide?

Protection against arbitrary evictions Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary social class structure in the pre-Spanish period of the Philippines?

Datus, maharlikas, aliping mamamahay, aliping saguiguilid Signup and view all the answers

What abuse arose from the encomienda system introduced by the Spaniards?

Encomienderos transformed tribute into land rents Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Emilio Aguinaldo's intentions during the establishment of the First Philippine Republic?

To confiscate Friar lands Signup and view all the answers

What was established by the Philippine Bill of 1902 regarding land ownership?

Ceilings on hectarage for individuals and corporations Signup and view all the answers

What did the Torrens system aim to address in the American Period?

Comprehensive registration of land titles Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant feature of the Tenancy Act of 1933?

Regulated relationships between landowners and tenants Signup and view all the answers

During the Commonwealth Period, what was the broader motto referenced regarding government?

Government for the Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did the Torrens system face during its implementation?

Lack of awareness or financial capability among locals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pre-Spanish Period

Filipinos lived in barangays (villages) governed by datus (chiefs), forming the nobility.
Social classes included maharlikas (freemen), aliping mamamahay (serfs), and aliping saguiguilid (slaves).
Despite class divisions, access to agricultural resources was widespread; rice was the primary medium of exchange.

Spanish Period

Encomienda system introduced; encomienderos were tasked with local defense, maintaining order, and supporting missionaries.
This system led to the exploitation of natives, who transitioned from free cultivators to share tenants.
Tribute collection shifted into land rents controlled by a few landlords, undermining native autonomy.

First Philippine Republic

Established in 1899, under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo's leadership.
Aguinaldo planned to confiscate large estates, particularly Friar lands, as declared in the Malolos Constitution.
The First Philippine Republic was short-lived, and the confiscation plans were not realized.

American Period

Key legislation:
- Philippine Bill of 1902: Set land ownership limits (16 hectares for individuals, 1,024 hectares for corporations).
- Land Registration Act of 1902: Introduced a comprehensive land title registration system via the Torrens system.
- Public Land Act of 1903: Established the homestead system to promote land ownership.
- Tenancy Act of 1933: Regulated landlord-tenant relationships, establishing a 50-50 sharing scheme for rice and sugar cane.
The Torrens system faced challenges as many were unaware of requirements or could not afford associated costs.

Commonwealth Period

President Manuel L. Quezon promoted a "Social Justice" program amid growing social unrest, particularly in Central Luzon.
Significant legislation included:
- 1935 Constitution: Emphasized social justice for citizen well-being and economic security.
- Amendment to Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045: Implemented controls in landlord-tenant dynamics.
- NARIC (1936): Established rice and corn pricing to assist poor tenants and consumers.
- Commonwealth Act No. 461 (1937): Specified grounds for tenant dismissal with governmental approval.
- Rural Program Administration (1939): Facilitated hacienda purchases/leases for tenant benefit.
- National Settlement Administration (1939): Aimed to support tenant settlement efforts.

Japanese Occupation

World War II (1939-1945) led to the rise of Hukbalahap (Huks), an anti-Japanese peasant organization.
Huks gained control over Central Luzon; landlords siding with Japan lost land, while Huks provided fixed rental security to tenants.
Post-war, achievements gained by peasants were reversed.

Philippine Republic

Following independence in 1946, land tenure issues intensified, prompting reforms by Congress.
President Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948) enacted laws to improve tenant conditions:
- Republic Act No. 34: Established a 70-30 sharing arrangement for tenants.
- Republic Act No. 55: Enhanced tenant protections against arbitrary eviction.
President Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953) created LASEDECO to replace the National Land Settlement Administration, addressing land settlement and development challenges.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the social structure and way of life in the Philippines before the arrival of the Spaniards. Learn about the different classes such as datus, maharlikas, and the various roles within the barangay system. This quiz provides insights into the early Filipino society and its practices.