Pre-Solo Exam Quiz and Flashcards for Pilots

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Questions and Answers

What personal documents and endorsements are you required to have before you fly solo?

Student pilot certificate, Class 3 or higher medical certificate, FAR 61.87b pre-solo exam endorsement, FAR 61.87c pre-solo flight training endorsement, 61.87N.

What are your limitations as a student pilot regarding carrying of passengers or cargo and flying for compensation or hire?

A student may not act as a pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying property for compensation or hire. No passengers.

Who has the final authority and responsibility for the operation of the aircraft when you are flying solo?

The pilot in command (me).

Explain student pilot limitations regarding visibility, ceilings and flight above clouds?

May not act as pilot in command of an aircraft with flight surface visibility less than 3 miles during daylight hours or 5 miles at night, or when flight cannot be made with reference to surface. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss what preflight action concerning the airport and aircraft performance is specified in the regulations for a local flight?

1.) Weather report and forecasts, 2.) Fuel requirements, 3.) Alternatives available if flight cannot be completed, 4.) Flight manual with takeoff and distance data, 5.) Reliable info including airport elevation, runway slope, aircraft gross weight, and wind/temp. Signup and view all the answers

What are the general requirements pertaining to the use of safety belts and shoulder harnesses?

The pilot in command must ensure all passengers know how to use seatbelts properly. Pilot must use safety belt at all times. Shoulder harness is required only during takeoff and landings. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum fuel reserve for day VFR flight and on what cruise speed is the fuel reserve based?

Enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing, assuming normal flight speed. Day - at least 30 minutes, Night - at least 45 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What aircraft certificates and documents must be on board when you are flying solo?

<ol> <li>Airworthiness certificate, 2) Registration, 3) Operation handbook, 4) Weight and balance info.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the right of way rules regarding overtaking another aircraft, approaching head on, and another aircraft converging from the side.

Overtaking - veer to the right; Approaching head on - each alter course to the right; Converging - aircraft to the right has the right of way. Signup and view all the answers

Who has the right of way when two aircraft are on final approach to land at the same time?

The airplane at the lower altitude. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the regulations regarding the consumption of alcohol and operating an aircraft.

<ul> <li>Within 8 hours after consuming any alcohol; - While having an alcohol concentration of .04 or greater; - While under the influence of alcohol.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

At and around your home airport, where is an operating mode C transponder required?

<ul> <li>Above the ceiling and within lateral boundaries of Class B and C airspace; - Above 10,000 feet.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

If your aircraft has an operating mode C transponder, when is it required to be turned on?

Within Class A, Class B, and Class C airspace, within 30 miles of Class B airport above Class B and C airspace, up to 10,000 feet and all airspace above 10,000, and all other controlled airspace. Signup and view all the answers

Except when necessary for takeoffs and landings, what are the minimum safe altitudes when flying over congested and other than congested areas?

Congested - 1000 feet above the highest obstacle within 2000 ft; Other than - 500 feet above the surface. Signup and view all the answers

List at least three sources for local altimeter setting at an airport and another alternative if none is available.

1.) AWOS, 2.) METAR - once an hour report in text form, 3.) Call flight service station or set altimeter to field elevation prior to takeoff. Signup and view all the answers

When practicing steep turns, stalls, and maneuvering during slow flight, the entry altitude must allow a recovery to be complete no lower than how many feet AGL?

1500 feet. Signup and view all the answers

When is a go-around appropriate?

Bad approach, another aircraft on runway, wind shear, wake turbulence, mechanical failure, unstabilized approach, or any other time successful landing is in doubt. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the steps in the go-around process.

Wing flap setting should be reduced to 20 immediately after full power is applied. After reaching safe airspeed, flaps should be slowly retracted to full up position. Signup and view all the answers

What general steps should you follow after an engine failure in flight?

Pitch for best glide (65), pick the best spot intended for an emergency landing, follow checklist for engine restart (check fuel on, mixture full, carb heat on, full throttle, key is on both, master switch). Signup and view all the answers

During flight, you begin to see a gradual decrease in power. What is a likely cause and what should be done to remedy the situation?

Cause is probably carb ice build-up; to correct this, add carb heat until RPM is restored. Also, increase power. Signup and view all the answers

During engine run-up, you cause rocks, debris, and propeller blast to be directed toward another aircraft or person. Could this be considered careless or reckless operation of an aircraft?

True Signup and view all the answers

What altitudes should you use when operating VFR in level cruising flight at more than 3000 ft AGL and what determines those altitudes?

Course of 180-359 even thousands +500; Course of 0-179 odd thousands +500. Signup and view all the answers

List the minimum equipment and instruments that must be working properly in your aircraft for day VFR flight.

1.) Airspeed, 2.) Altimeter, 3.) Compass, 4.) Tachometer, 5.) Fuel gauge, 6.) Oil temp and pressure, 7.) Anti-Collision light, 8.) ELT, 9.) Seat belts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the emergency frequency?

121.50. Signup and view all the answers

What is Vso?

Stall speed with flaps (49). Signup and view all the answers

What is Vs?

Stall speed without flaps (56). Signup and view all the answers

What is Vx?

Best angle of climb (52). Signup and view all the answers

What is Vfe?

Flaps extend speed (100). Signup and view all the answers

What is Vy?

Best rate of climb (72). Signup and view all the answers

What is Va?

Speed at stall before structural damage (109). Signup and view all the answers

What is Vne?

Never exceed (162). Signup and view all the answers

What is Vno?

Normal operating range (120). Signup and view all the answers

What is the best glide speed?

<ol start="65"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal takeoff configuration?

0 degree flap. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal landing configuration?

20 degree flap. Signup and view all the answers

What is the short/soft field takeoff configuration?

10 degree flap. Signup and view all the answers

What is the short/soft field landing configuration?

40 degree flap. Signup and view all the answers

Describe any limitations on flap use in your training airplane.

Can't fly more than 100 mph with the flaps extended and will stall with them at any speed lower than 49 mph. Signup and view all the answers

What grade or grades of fuel can be safely used in your aircraft? What are the colors of the recommended fuels? What happens to the color if two grades are mixed?

<ul> <li>Usually 100LL - Blue; - Can use 100 (green) or 80 (red); - Blue and red = purple, Blue green = brown, red and green = brown.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What are the minimum and maximum oil capacities for your training airplane?

Min: 4 quarts/ Max: 6 quarts. Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances should you use carb heat?

<ul> <li>Anytime at a low power setting; - When RPMs are lower than 2000; - Anytime suspect reduction in power from carb ice.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

If during a flight, you experience carb ice and full carb heat is applied, what changes in engine performance would you expect?

When first applying carb heat expect engine to run rougher (lose RPMs) may need to lean mix to correct that, then once ice is melted it will run better (increase RPMs). Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances could a spin occur in your training airplane?

Only if the airplane is stalled and not properly recovered. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the spin recovery procedures for your training aircraft.

Power - Idle; Ailerons - Neutral; Rudder - Full opposite direction; Elevator - Forward, then back to recover from dive. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stall speed of your training airplane in a 60 degree bank with flaps up?

78 MPH. Signup and view all the answers

What are the traffic patterns for each runway at your home airport? What is the MSL altitude for the traffic pattern?

Crosswind, downwind, base leg, and final approach. Start pattern at 1600 MSL. All patterns are left at home. Signup and view all the answers

How do you enter and exit the traffic pattern at your airport? What radio communications are required?

Enter pattern in level flight, 45 degree on downwind, abeam the midpoint of the runway, at pattern altitude. Radio communication should be on 122.80. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how you would approach and enter the traffic pattern at an uncontrolled airport?

Approach at 45 degree angle on downwind at pattern altitude. Signup and view all the answers

What radio calls are recommended as you approach and fly in the traffic pattern at an uncontrolled airport?

Make radio call 10 miles out, make call when at 45 degrees of downwind, radio call entering each pattern, downwind, base, final approach, clear runway. Signup and view all the answers

What are typical dimensions of Class D airspace and what requirements must be met prior to entry?

4 nm, ceiling around 2500 AGL, establish and maintain two-way communication with ATC prior to entering airspace. Signup and view all the answers

What is CTAF? Explain the CTAF procedures at your home airport.

Common traffic advisory frequency. Call 5-10 miles away declaring your plan on entering pattern, call again 1-2 miles out, enter on 45 on downwind. Call your position as you fly around the pattern. CTAF: 122.80. Signup and view all the answers

If you receive ATC instructions that you do not understand or feel may compromise safety, what should you do?

Ask ATC to repeat. If compromises safety, say 'unable' or ask for a different clearance - the pilot in command has final authority. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of each of the following ATC light signals?(IN FLIGHT) Green, flashing green, red, flashing red, white?

Clear to land, return for landing, give way/continue circle, airport unsafe/don't land, return to starting point. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of each of the following ATC light signals?(ON THE GROUND) Green, flashing green, red, flashing red, white?

Clear for takeoff, clear to taxi, STOP, taxi clear of runway, return to starting point. Signup and view all the answers

What aircraft equipment and student pilot authorizations are required for a student pilot to fly solo in Class B airspace?

A.) Student must be trained by an instructor in both ground and flight in Class B airspace; B.) Logbook must be endorsed by instructor for airspace; C.) Endorsement specifies ground and flight training in B airspace. Signup and view all the answers

Can a student pilot request a special VFR clearance in less than VFR conditions?

False Signup and view all the answers

A magenta dashed line surrounds certain uncontrolled airports. What does this indicate and what is it significant to VFR pilots?

Class E airspace starts at the surface, preventing entry into IFR traffic. Signup and view all the answers

How can you tell if a runway is closed?

Marked with an X and also always check NOTAMs and listen to ATIS. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Personal Documents for Solo Flight

Required personal documents: Student pilot certificate, Class 3 medical certificate.
Endorsements needed: FAR 61.87b (pre-solo exam) and FAR 61.87c (pre-solo flight training).

Limitations as a Student Pilot

No carrying passengers or property for compensation/hire.

Pilot Authority

The pilot in command retains final authority and responsibility during solo flights.

Visibility and Flight Limitations

Must not fly with surface visibility less than 3 miles (day) or 5 miles (night).
Flight must be with reference to the surface.

Preflight Actions Regulations

Assess weather reports and forecasts.
Confirm fuel requirements and available alternates.
Review flight manual for takeoff distance data.

Safety Belt Regulations

Pilot ensures all passengers know how to use safety belts properly.
Safety belts required for all flight times; shoulder harnesses mandatory only during takeoff and landing.

Minimum Fuel Reserves

Day VFR: 30 minutes of fuel reserve required after reaching first landing point.
Night VFR: 45 minutes of fuel reserve required.

Required Aircraft Documents on Board

Must have: Airworthiness certificate, registration, operating handbook, weight and balance info.

Right of Way Rules

Overtaking aircraft must veer to the right.
Head-on approach requires both to alter course to the right.
Converging aircraft: the one to the right has the right of way.

Right of Way on Final Approach

The aircraft at a lower altitude has the right of way when landing simultaneously.

Alcohol Regulations

No operation within 8 hours after consuming alcohol, with a BAC of 0.04 or greater, or while under influence.

Operating Mode C Transponder Requirements

Required above the ceiling and laterally within Class B and C airspace and above 10,000 feet.

Transponder Operation

Must be turned on in Class A, B, C airspace, within 30 miles of Class B airport, and in controlled airspace.

Minimum Safe Altitudes

Congested areas: 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within 2,000 feet.
Other areas: 500 feet above the surface.

Local Altimeter Settings Sources

Sources include AWOS, METAR reports, and Flight Service Stations.
Alternative: set altimeter to field elevation before takeoff.

Steep Turns and Maneuvering Recovery Altitude

Recovery from steep turns or stalls must be completed no lower than 1,500 feet AGL.

Go-Around Situations

Appropriate when experiencing bad approach conditions, other aircraft on the runway, or any significant doubt about landing success.

Go-Around Process

Initially reduce wing flaps to 20 immediately after applying full power.
Flaps should be retracted gradually after reaching safe airspeed.

Engine Failure Procedures

Maintain best glide speed (65 KIAS), select landing spot, and execute engine restart checklist.

Power Decrease in Flight

Likely caused by carburetor ice; apply carb heat to restore RPMs.

Careless Operation During Run-Up

Directing prop blast toward others is considered reckless and can easily be avoided.

VFR Cruising Altitudes

Odd thousands plus 500 feet for courses 0-179 degrees, even thousands plus 500 feet for courses 180-359 degrees.

Minimum Equipment for Day VFR Flight

Required instruments: Airspeed indicator, altimeter, compass, tachometer, fuel gauge, oil temp/pressure, anti-collision light, ELT, seat belts.

Emergency Frequency

The designated emergency frequency is 121.50 MHz.

Stall Speeds

Vso: Stall speed with flaps (49 KIAS).
Vs: Stall speed without flaps (56 KIAS).

Climb Speeds

Vx: Best angle of climb (52 KIAS).
Vy: Best rate of climb (72 KIAS).

Flaps and Stall Speeds

Normal takeoff: 0-degree flaps.
Normal landing: 20-degree flaps.
Short field operation: 10-degree takeoff flap; 40-degree landing flap.

Flap Use Limitations

Cannot exceed 100 KIAS with flaps extended; stall risks at speeds below 49 KIAS.

Fuel Grades

100LL (blue) is common, can use 100 (green) or 80 (red). Mixing affects color.

Oil Capacities

Minimum: 4 quarts; Maximum: 6 quarts for training aircraft.

Carb Heat Usage

Use at low power settings, RPMs below 2000, or suspected carb icing.

Spin Risks

A spin may occur if the aircraft is stalled and recovery is improperly executed.

Spin Recovery Procedures

Power to idle, ailerons neutral, full opposite rudder, elevator forward then back to recover.

Stall Speed in Banked Turns

Stall speed in a 60-degree bank with flaps up: 78 KIAS.

Traffic Patterns

Patterns: Crosswind, downwind, base leg, final approach.
Standard pattern altitude: 1,600 ft MSL, typically left traffic.

Entering and Exiting Traffic Patterns

Enter pattern at 45-degree angle on downwind and make radio calls on frequency 122.80.

Radio Communications for Uncontrolled Airports

Call 10 miles out, then at 45-degree entry to downwind; announce all positional calls during pattern.

Class D Airspace Dimensions

Typically extends 4 nautical miles with a ceiling around 2,500 feet AGL; two-way communication with ATC required.

Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF)

Use CTAF at home airport: 122.80 MHz; make calls when entering and throughout pattern.

Responding to Confusing ATC Instructions

Ask ATC to repeat instructions; if safety is compromised, say "unable" and request a different clearance.

ATC Light Signals (In Flight)

Green: Clear to land; Flashing green: Return for landing; Red: Give way or continue circling; Flashing red: Airport unsafe; White: Return to starting point.

ATC Light Signals (On Ground)

Green: Clear for takeoff; Flashing green: Clear to taxi; Red: Stop; Flashing red: Taxi clear; White: Return to starting point.

Student Pilot Authorizations for Class B Airspace

Endorsement required from flight instructor for ground and flight training in Class B airspace.

Special VFR Clearance Request

Not permitted under VFR visibility requirements: less than 3 miles during the day, 5 miles at night.

Magenta Dashed Line Significance

Marks the start of Class E airspace, indicating VFR pilots should avoid during IFR traffic.

Identifying Closed Runways

Marked with an "X"; always check NOTAMs and listen to ATIS for updates.

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