PRAXIS 5622 PLT Flashcards

Questions and Answers

A teacher is thinking about pursuing a reading specialist credential or certificate in the near future. He should participate in ________ as a part of his current professional development plan.

Study groups

"Historical", "Causal", and "Ethnographic" are all types of ____________.

Research

Current research supports teachers in _________________.

All of the above

A(n)__________ is a reflective practice tool that allows teachers to reflect on philosophy, environment, beliefs, and identity.

Portfolio Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about reflective practice is TRUE?

Effective reflections can occur both during and after instruction. Signup and view all the answers

If a teacher felt like there were two friends in his/her class who could use some additional support with conflict resolution, s/he should ask for assistance from a ______________.

Guidance Counselor Signup and view all the answers

A former kindergarten teacher recently transitioned to teaching fourth grade. She is having difficulty finding an appropriately leveled read-aloud for her new students. She should ask the ________ for help.

Library/Media Specialist Signup and view all the answers

As a general rule of thumb, a teacher should contact family members _________.

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

Contacting a local senior-housing facility to set up a regularly scheduled time for your second-grade students to read stories to the residents is primarily a way to ____________.

Partner with the greater community Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ___________ is NOT an important component of effective collaboration:

Incident analysis Signup and view all the answers

Who are the "stakeholders" in a school?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

If the family of an English Language Learner who is not proficient in English only speaks Spanish, the school must provide them with information in their native language. This is legislated by the __________________.

EEOA Signup and view all the answers

A fifth grader comes to school with a bruise on her face. When the teacher asks her what happened, the student appears nervous and struggles to stick to a consistent and logical account of what caused the injury. The teacher should _____________.

Report the incident to Child Protective Services or a Local Enforcement Agency Signup and view all the answers

Classroom management research findings suggest that one of the most effective ways to maximize the amount of time elementary school children spend on academic activities is for the teacher to do which of the following?

Plan for, teach, and enforce routines for transition times and classroom housekeeping tasks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following kinds of instruction is frequently contrasted with discovery learning?

Expository teaching Signup and view all the answers

During a visit to a second-grade classroom, a student teacher observed a child spending the time allotted for a worksheet either looking out the window or doodling on his paper. When the student teacher asked the child if he needed help on the assignment, he said no. The boy's reaction suggests which of the following about his classroom?

A routine for rewarding students who finish work promptly is not in place Signup and view all the answers

For developing the language abilities of kindergartners, which of the following would be the most appropriate way to follow up the writing of a group essay?

Read the essay aloud, in unison with the children, then leave it displayed where they can examine it Signup and view all the answers

Dan is one of two students in Ms. Kane's fifth-grade class under the 'least restrictive environment' provision. One of the IEP objectives for Dan is "Given a 10-12 minute lecture/oral lesson, Dan will take appropriate notes as judged by the teacher." Which of the following strategies has the best potential to help Dan meet this goal by the end of the year?

Ms. Kane provides Dan with a graphic organizer, or a skeleton outline, of the lecture so Dan can fill in the missing information as it is provided Signup and view all the answers

Daryl, a sixth-grader, receives a score report from a standardized mathematics test taken by his entire sixth-grade class that includes both a grade-equivalent score and a national percentile rank. Daryl's grade-equivalent score is 8.2. His national percentile rank is 87. Daryl's grade-equivalent score indicates that which of the following is true?

Daryl did as well on this test as an average eighth-grader in the second month of school would do on the same test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is best for a teacher to do when establishing classroom rules?

Explain why the established rules are necessary for enhancing student cooperation Signup and view all the answers

A teacher shares with students the following scenario and asks the class to discuss the ethical decision-making implications of the situation. Bob asks his mother for $40 so that he can take a trip with the school hiking club. His mother tells him that if he contributes $20 of his own money, she will contribute the other $20. A week before the trip, Bob tells his mother that he will need $30 from her because he was only able to save $10. She gives him the $30. Bob later tells his younger sister that he actually had $20 but lied to their mother so that he could have pocket money for the trip. What should Bob's sister do? A student at Kohlberg's stage 4 of moral development would most likely say that the sister should:

Urge Bob to confess his action to their mother because he broke the rules by lying, and people should never tell lies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptors best characterizes creativity?

The student's solutions prove viable, although they give the initial appearance of novelty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of test score used to show a student's relative position among a group of students in the same grade who are tested at the same time?

Percentile rank Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a portfolio assessment?

A systematic collection of materials selected to demonstrate a person's level of knowledge, skill, or ability in a particular area Signup and view all the answers

According to the Equal Access Act (20 USC Sec. 4071), which of the following correctly states a criterion under which a school would be deemed to offer a fair opportunity to students who wish to conduct meetings as limited open forums?

The meetings must not interfere with the orderly conduct of educational activities within the school Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following professional strategies is most likely to result in improved student motivation and academic performance?

Teachers collaborate to formulate, select, and monitor classroom management techniques and other classroom procedures based on successful experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly states an aspect of effective reflective practice?

Teacher coaches should create an environment of trust and build a context for reflection that is unique to every learning situation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best practice for promoting a positive learning environment?

Providing students with inquiry-based cooperative learning activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes instruction using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

Using manipulative cubes with second-grade students to help them learn regrouping in addition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is considered a strength of a flexible ability group?

Maintaining high level of expectations for all students Signup and view all the answers

The use of heterogeneous groups in order to increase learning in the classroom is best supported by:

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development Signup and view all the answers

The most significant difference between Bruner's Modes of Representation and Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Stages is ______________.

That Bruner believes an individual is capable of learning any concept at any age as long as it is presented and organized appropriately Signup and view all the answers

Eight year old Nathan has been failing to reach the class goal of 30 addition facts answered correctly in one minute. What does the teacher's adjustment of Nathan's goal to 20 demonstrate?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

A student is able to use counters to show that 3 + 4 = 7, but cannot answer when the equation is written on the board. This may indicate that the child:

Has not yet reached Piaget's preoperational stage of development Signup and view all the answers

Isabel frequently complains about not understanding math material. Which factor should NOT be considered a likely contributor?

Gender Signup and view all the answers

During a math lesson, a teacher notes several students are struggling. What should the teacher investigate as possible causes?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Alec constantly needs reminders to stay on task but completes work accurately. The teacher should first consider:

Underachievement Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true of English Language Learner proficiency?

Academic English proficiency is key to student achievement Signup and view all the answers

Which consideration should you focus on when setting up the classroom before students arrive?

Desk/table arrangement Signup and view all the answers

Research suggests that the core components of effective classroom management do NOT include ______________.

Alignment with an authoritarian teaching style Signup and view all the answers

Piaget's process of accommodation is most closely related to ______________.

Cognitive dissonance Signup and view all the answers

A teacher using systems of positive reinforcement and logical consequences to motivate learners illustrates the tenets of ______________.

Thorndike's Law of Effect Signup and view all the answers

Beginning with a standard stated as a student learning objective in lesson planning is an example of ______________.

Backwards Planning Signup and view all the answers

Standards allow for ______________.

Both A and C Signup and view all the answers

In planning a kindergarten sink-or-float experiment with pumpkins, the teacher expects most students to be surprised. This shows the teacher's awareness of ______________.

Cognitivism Signup and view all the answers

All the following EXCEPT ______________ are key components of constructivism.

Expository teaching Signup and view all the answers

Deciding when to teach story elements is primarily an example of considering ______________.

Sequence Signup and view all the answers

One of the first-grade teachers includes lessons about heredity in her Family and Ancestry unit, while the other does not. This difference reveals a difference in ______________.

Scope Signup and view all the answers

The first-grade standard stating 'Given a two-digit number, mentally find 10 more or 10 less than the number, without having to count...' targets the ______________ domain(s).

Cognitive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best example of a learning objective statement?

The student will demonstrate the ability to use a variety of multiplication strategies by solving problems using arrays, repeated addition, and pictures. Signup and view all the answers

Jason has been identified as a gifted learner. He finishes assignments quickly and helps peers. This should be allowed:

Sometimes Signup and view all the answers

A student needing enhancement due to achievement should participate in ______________.

GATE Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT a worthwhile use of the internet in the classroom?

Using it for free time when work is done Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about materials that support student learning is NOT true?

Information technology has replaced print collections in libraries. Signup and view all the answers

When selecting a theme, a teacher should always consider ______________.

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI) arose from a(n) ______________ program.

Gifted and Talented Education Signup and view all the answers

The benefits of interdisciplinary instruction include learning gains in ______________.

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

All following topics except ______________ are opportunities for interdisciplinary instruction.

An Exploration of Subtraction with Re-grouping Signup and view all the answers

The generation of a hypothesis using the scientific method engages students in ______________.

Inductive reasoning Signup and view all the answers

______________ is a fundamental cognitive process that integrates multiple other cognitive processes and leads to achieving a goal.

Problem solving Signup and view all the answers

Experiential Instruction is characterized by ______________.

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

Indirect instruction is associated with ______________.

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT an example of complex cognitive processing?

Describing the setting of a narrative Signup and view all the answers

Detecting bias is a complex cognitive process that involves ______________.

Analyzing facts and opinions for validation and looking for evidence of persuasion Signup and view all the answers

The modeling strategy of instruction is most directly associated with ______________.

Attention, Encoding-Retention, and Reproduction Signup and view all the answers

The following strategies are examples of incorporating guided practice into a lesson:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is NOT an example of promoting self-regulation?

A teacher emailing parents a reminder for homework Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Self-Regulation is NOT true?

Performance goals are the most effective type of goals in promoting self-regulation. Signup and view all the answers

Teacher conferencing, peer editing, reflective journals, and anecdotal records are all examples of ______________.

Formative assessment Signup and view all the answers

Feedback from students allows teachers to make informed decisions about ______________.

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which example represents an inappropriate response to an incorrect answer?

That's not quite right, does someone else know? Signup and view all the answers

Stahl's 1985 'Think Time' evolved from Rowe's 1972 'Wait time'. 'Think Time' includes all EXCEPT ______________.

Post-student question wait time Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are NOT important for creating a safe forum for discussion in a classroom?

Competition Signup and view all the answers

Prompting, restating, reflective listening, and wait time are all strategies to support students in ______________.

Articulating their ideas Signup and view all the answers

______________ is NOT an active listening strategy.

Arguing a point Signup and view all the answers

If an administrator observes a teacher needing to incorporate more non-verbal communication, the teacher should increase her use of ______________.

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

The use of a multiple choice test at the end of a unit to determine mastery of learning objectives is an example of ______________.

Summative assessment Signup and view all the answers

Diagnostic tests, achievement tests, and intelligence tests are examples of ______________.

Formal assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment best matches the purpose of showing a parent the progress a student has made?

Portfolio Signup and view all the answers

A fifth-grade teacher wants to assess creativity. The most appropriate measure would be a(n) ______________ assessment.

Either B or C Signup and view all the answers

If a teacher wants to determine individual strengths and weaknesses for planning interventions, a recent ______________ test would provide useful information.

Criterion-referenced Signup and view all the answers

Achievement tests are ______________.

Summative Signup and view all the answers

A writing rubric that gives separate scores for organization, ideas, and conventions is an example of ______________.

Analytical scoring Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of a scaled score is to ______________.

Improve comparability Signup and view all the answers

In analyzing end-of-year math assessment results, if a student scores low, the teacher should use the ______________ to determine the test's midpoint.

Mode and/or median Signup and view all the answers

A group of teachers wants to measure intervention program effectiveness for Tier 2 reading groups. They could use a __________ to record and display counts.

Contingency table Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Educational Theories and Concepts

Heterogeneous Groups: Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development supports the use of diverse groups to enhance learning outcomes.
Bruner vs. Piaget: Bruner posits that individuals can learn concepts at any age, as long as material is presented well; differs from Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
Goal Setting: Adjusting individual learning goals demonstrates an understanding of student developmental needs and appropriate cognitive task modifications.
Preoperational Stage: A child struggling to solve abstract math problems written on the board indicates they have not yet reached Piaget's preoperational stage.
Academic Challenges: Factors like gender are less likely contributors to a student's difficulty in understanding material compared to instructional methods or language barriers.

Classroom Management and Instruction Techniques

Investigating Learning Difficulties: Factors such as prior knowledge and self-esteem should be examined when students struggle with understanding math strategies.
Engagement and Attention: Noticing that a student completes work accurately but lacks engagement suggests potential underachievement.
Classroom Setup: Desk arrangement is critical before students arrive, influencing the overall learning environment.

Assessment and Feedback Strategies

Effective Classroom Management: Components include teaching transition routines and careful classroom arrangements, while an authoritarian style is counterproductive.
Self-Regulation: Practices like reflective journaling and peer editing provide formative assessments, enabling teachers to focus on student learning and progress.
Performance Measurement: Diagnostic tests and achievement tests focus on assessing student knowledge and identifying areas needing intervention.

Instructional Planning and Learning Objectives

Backwards Planning: Starting with a learning objective helps in structuring effective lesson plans that align with assessment.
Constructivism: Key components involve experiential, discovery, and inquiry-based learning while avoiding expository teaching approaches.
Interdisciplinary Instruction: Engaging students across various subjects fosters critical thinking and recognition of bias, enhancing their learning experience.

Strategies for Student Engagement

Complex Cognitive Processing: Activities like summarizing and predicting are excellent for promoting advanced cognitive skills in students.
Feedback Techniques: Providing supportive, constructive feedback following incorrect answers is vital in developing a supportive classroom environment.
Reflection in Teaching: Effective reflection on practice helps teachers grow and adapt their strategies based on classroom experiences.

Research and Collaboration

Professional Development: Ongoing education through graduate courses is essential for teachers seeking to enhance their competencies, such as pursuing specialization in reading.
Types of Research: Understanding historical, causal, and ethnographic research methods enables educators to analyze and improve instructional practices effectively.
Collaboration with Specialists: Engaging school guidance counselors or media specialists can support teachers in addressing specific student needs and finding appropriate resources.

Cognitive Processes and Learning

Cognitive Processes: Problem-solving integrates various cognitive skills, including inference and synthesis, leading to achieving learning goals.
Self-Regulation Skills: Teaching students to manage their emotions and behaviors is crucial for fostering independence and resilience in learning.### Teacher-Parent Communication
Teachers should contact families early in the year and share both good and bad news for better collaboration.

Community Engagement

Arranging regular reading sessions with local senior citizens enhances community partnerships.

Collaboration Elements

Collaboration requires key components such as needs assessment and a clearly defined purpose, while incident analysis is not essential.

Stakeholders in Education

Stakeholders in a school setting include parents, teachers, and students, all contributing to the educational ecosystem.

Language Access Rights

Under the Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA), schools must provide non-English speaking families with information in their native language.

Reporting Child Abuse

Teachers suspecting abuse should report incidents to Child Protective Services rather than making judgment calls on family explanations.

Effective Classroom Management

Establishing and enforcing routines for transitions and tasks maximizes academic engagement for students.

Instructional Methods

Expository teaching is often contrasted with discovery learning, emphasizing direct instruction over exploratory methods.

Classroom Routines

A lack of reward for timely completion of work can lead to disengagement among students, as indicated by classroom observations.

Language Development in Early Education

Reading group essays aloud with children reinforces their writing experience and enhances language development.

Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)

Utilizing graphic organizers can significantly support students like Dan in meeting learning objectives, particularly in note-taking.

Standardized Test Scores

A grade-equivalent score indicates that a student performed at the level of an average student in a higher grade during a specific time frame.

Establishing Classroom Rules

It is crucial for teachers to explain the purpose behind rules to foster cooperation and a positive classroom culture.

Ethical Decision Making

At Kohlberg's stage 4, students recognize the importance of truthfulness and responsibility, suggesting honesty in familial relationships.

Creativity in Problem Solving

Creative solutions often appear novel while being viable, showcasing effective problem-solving skills.

Percentile Ranking

Percentile ranks are crucial for comparing a student's performance relative to peers tested in the same cohort.

Portfolio Assessment

A portfolio represents a systematic collection of work that demonstrates an individual’s skills and knowledge in a specific area.

Equal Access Act

Schools must provide a conducive environment for student meetings, ensuring that these gatherings do not disrupt educational activities.

Collaborative Practices for Teachers

Collective formulation of classroom management strategies among teachers tends to improve student motivation and performance.

Reflective Practice

Effective reflective practice encourages open dialogue and student contribution, fostering a culture of trust and inquiry.

Positive Learning Environment

Inquiry-based cooperative learning activities are effective strategies for creating a supportive and engaging classroom atmosphere.

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Utilizing manipulative materials helps students learn complex concepts within their ZPD through guided interaction.

Flexible Ability Grouping

Maintaining high expectations for all students while providing tailored instruction is a hallmark of effective flexible grouping strategies.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcard questions designed for PRAXIS 5622 PLT preparation. Covering theories like Vygotsky's and Piaget's, these cards will help reinforce key educational concepts. Perfect for future educators looking to excel in their certification exam.