Praxis II 5038 Flashcards on Poetry Terms

Poetry Terms

• Sonnet: A fourteen-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme, written in iambic pentameter.
• Ode: A lyric poem addressing a specific subject, elevated in style with varied or irregular meter.
• Ballad: Anonymous narrative poems featuring short stanzas (four-line) with alternating tetrameter and trimeter lines, passed orally through generations.
• Elegy: A poem of serious reflection, often a lament for the deceased.
• Chorus: A refrain or repeated line(s) in music or poetry.

Literary Concepts

• Persona: The image or personality an individual projects to others.
• Genre: A specific category of literature or art.
• Protagonist: The main character in a story.
• Antagonist: A character who opposes the protagonist.

Notable Authors and Works

• Ayn Rand: Explored themes of individualism in "Anthem".
• Chinua Achebe: Known for "Things Fall Apart", addressing colonialism in Nigeria.
• William Golding: Author of "Lord of the Flies", which critiques human nature.
• Toni Morrison: Wrote significant works such as "The Bluest Eye" and "Beloved" addressing African American experiences.
• Alice Walker: Authored "The Color Purple", exploring themes of racial and gender inequality.
• Maxine Hong Kingston: Known for "The Woman Warrior", which combines autobiography with myth.
• Zora Neale Hurston: Recognized for "Their Eyes Were Watching God" and "Sweat".

Teaching Strategies

• Anticipation Guide: Questions posed to students before a lesson to gauge prior knowledge and reflection afterward.
• Semantic Feature Analysis: A strategy that uses grids to show relationships between concepts, enhancing comprehension and vocabulary.
• Reciprocal Teaching: Involves students teaching one another in small reading groups through summarizing, questioning, clarifying, and predicting.

Poetic Forms and Devices

• Classic Haiku: A three-line poem with a syllable pattern of 5-7-5, traditionally focusing on nature.
• Iambic Pentameter: A rhythm pattern in English verse with five feet of unstressed followed by stressed syllables.
• Metaphor: A figure of speech comparing two unlike things, suggesting they are similar.

Narrative Techniques

• Narrative Point of View: The perspective from which a story is told, including first person, second person, and third-person (limited or omniscient).
• Allusion: An indirect reference to a well-known person, place, event, or work in literature.
• Simile: Comparison using "like" or "as".

Literary Styles and Movements

• Modernism: An artistic break from traditional forms, characterized by innovation and exploration of new ideas.
• Gothic Fiction: Incorporates elements of horror and the supernatural, evident in works like "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley.
• Satire: Utilizes humor to criticize or mock societal flaws or individuals.

Grammatical Concepts

• Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses.
• Misplaced Modifier: A modifier that is not positioned correctly in relation to the word it modifies.
• Subject-Verb Agreement: The requirement that a subject and verb must match in number (singular/plural).

Vocabulary and Language Studies

• Semantics: The study of meanings in language; involved in the interpretation within context.
• Etymological Development: Traces the origins and historical changes of words over time.

Additional Literary Figures

• Charles Dickens: Authored impactful novels like "Great Expectations" and "A Tale of Two Cities"; key figure of Victorian literature.

• Edgar Allan Poe: Known for his exploration of themes of loss in poems like "Annabel Lee".

• John Keats: Prominent English Romantic poet associated with beauty and nature in his work.### Grammar and Linguistics

• Dangling Participle: A participle meant to modify a noun that is absent from the text. Participles often end in -ing or -ed and function as adjectives.

• Modifier: A descriptive word or phrase (like adjectives or adverbs) that clarifies the meaning of another word or phrase.

English Language Development

• Old English: The language used by Anglo-Saxons until around 1150, characterized by a complex inflectional structure and a primarily Germanic vocabulary, significantly distinct from modern English.

• Middle English: The form of the English language emerging around 1150, evolving until approximately 1470, marking a transitional phase in linguistic development.

• Elizabethan English: The variant of English spoken during the late 16th to early 17th centuries, associated with writers like Shakespeare and the King James Version of the Bible.

• Early Modern English: The stage of English used from the Tudor period (starting late 15th century) through the English Interregnum and Restoration, characterized by the gradual transition from Middle English to Modern English.

Literature

• Beowulf: An epic poem, along with shorter contemporaries like "The Wanderer" and "The Seafarer," originally composed in Old English. It reflects the Germanic roots of the language, preserving fundamental everyday words such as "father," "give," and "day."

Sentence Structures

• Run-on Sentence: An incorrect sentence structure that occurs when two or more independent clauses are improperly joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunctions.