Practical Research 2 Reviewer 2024

Quantitative Research Overview

• Focuses on social phenomena and establishing causal relationships.
• Characterized by large sample sizes and reliance on closed-ended questions for data collection.
• Statistical data serves as the main source of knowledge.
• Common tools include questionnaires and surveys.
• Continuous variables can be fractions, decimals, or positive numbers.
• Independent variables are manipulated by researchers, while dependent variables are observed outcomes.

Types of Research Design

• Descriptive research questions center on demographics of a population.
• Comparative research aims to assess differences between two or more groups based on specific variables.
• Topics can include, for example, job satisfaction differences between remote and on-site employees.

Research Variables

• Qualitative variables lack a numerical representation.
• Interval scales feature equal intervals (e.g., temperature), whereas ratio scales include a true zero point (e.g., weight).
• Descriptive research questions examine connections between variables without causation.
• Causal-comparative research identifies cause-and-effect relationships through group comparisons.

Research Methodology

• Introduction section outlines background, topic, and study aims.
• Literature review critically evaluates existing studies relevant to the research topic.
• Hypothesis is a predictive statement showcasing the relationship between variables.
• Scope and limitations define the study's boundaries such as population and time frame.
• Conceptual framework visually organizes and illustrates variable relationships.
• Research significance discusses the study's importance for targeted audiences.

Research Process

• Research questions guide the investigation and shape the study focus.
• Methodology details the planned procedures for conducting the research.
• Data analysis involves the interpretation of collected data to draw conclusions.
• Conclusion summarizes key findings and offers closing reflections.

Research Designs and Sampling Techniques

• Experimental research design tests hypotheses under controlled conditions.
• Non-experimental research does not manipulate variables.
• Probability sampling ensures equal chances of selection for participants.
• Systematic sampling selects samples based on a random starting point (every kth member).
• Stratified sampling involves taking random samples from distinct population strata.
• Descriptive research accurately captures information about populations or phenomena.
• Correlational research observes relationships without manipulating variables.
• Purposive sampling selects participants based on specific pre-determined criteria.

This quiz covers key concepts in Practical Research 2, focusing on quantitative research methods. It delves into the characteristics, methodologies, and tools used in quantitative research, including the importance of large sample sizes and statistical data. Ideal for students preparing for their research assessments in 2024.