Podcast
Questions and Answers
What factor influences where the pressure is highest in a property with multiple floors?
What factor influences where the pressure is highest in a property with multiple floors?
- The number of taps on the ground floor
- The temperature of the water in the system
- The size of the pipes used in construction
- The altitude of the cold water storage cistern (CWSC) (correct)
Which of the following describes static pressure?
Which of the following describes static pressure?
- Pressure measured when the fluid is at rest (correct)
- Pressure felt by an object in motion within a fluid
- The rate of fluid flow through a pipe
- Pressure that varies with the temperature of the fluid
What is the definition of dynamic pressure?
What is the definition of dynamic pressure?
- The force exerted by a fluid at rest
- The amount of fluid flowing through a pipe at any moment
- Pressure due to the weight of a fluid column
- The pressure associated with the movement of a fluid (correct)
If the head height from the CWSC to the tap is 5m, what is the intensity of pressure at the tap in pascals? (Assume density of water is 1000 kg/m³ and g=9.81 m/s²)
If the head height from the CWSC to the tap is 5m, what is the intensity of pressure at the tap in pascals? (Assume density of water is 1000 kg/m³ and g=9.81 m/s²)
Which scenario likely results in reduced pressure at a tap?
Which scenario likely results in reduced pressure at a tap?
What primarily causes siphonic action in WCs?
What primarily causes siphonic action in WCs?
What happens to water pressure in a beaker as its height increases?
What happens to water pressure in a beaker as its height increases?
If the cistern holds 40 litres of water, what is the force of the water leaving the tap due to gravity?
If the cistern holds 40 litres of water, what is the force of the water leaving the tap due to gravity?
How does reducing the diameter of a pipe affect water flow?
How does reducing the diameter of a pipe affect water flow?
What is the effect of adding machine bends in place of elbows in piping?
What is the effect of adding machine bends in place of elbows in piping?
What is the resistance of a pipe with elbows compared to one with machined bends?
What is the resistance of a pipe with elbows compared to one with machined bends?
Which factor does NOT affect flow rate in a pipe?
Which factor does NOT affect flow rate in a pipe?
What is the atmospheric pressure acting on both cisterns as mentioned?
What is the atmospheric pressure acting on both cisterns as mentioned?
What is the SI unit for measuring pressure?
What is the SI unit for measuring pressure?
Which factor primarily affects the flow rate in a plumbing system?
Which factor primarily affects the flow rate in a plumbing system?
How is static pressure calculated?
How is static pressure calculated?
If the intensity of pressure (IoP) is 78.48 N/m2, what is the head height?
If the intensity of pressure (IoP) is 78.48 N/m2, what is the head height?
What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?
What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?
Which of the following best describes dynamic pressure?
Which of the following best describes dynamic pressure?
How is acceleration due to gravity expressed in SI units?
How is acceleration due to gravity expressed in SI units?
Which statement is true regarding the pressure exerted by a liquid?
Which statement is true regarding the pressure exerted by a liquid?
Flashcards
Velocity
Velocity
The rate at which an object changes its position, taking into account speed and direction.
Acceleration
Acceleration
The rate at which an object increases its velocity.
Flow rate
Flow rate
The amount of fluid that flows through a pipe at a given time.
Force
Force
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Pressure
Pressure
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Static pressure
Static pressure
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Dynamic pressure
Dynamic pressure
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Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure
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Siphonic Action
Siphonic Action
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Force of Water
Force of Water
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Elbow
Elbow
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Machine Bend
Machine Bend
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Rising Main
Rising Main
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Pressure intensity calculation
Pressure intensity calculation
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Study Notes
PowerPoint 3: Pressure, Force, and Flow of Water
- The lesson intends to explore different pressures and forces in plumbing systems, and how flow is affected.
- Key units of measurement are presented for velocity, acceleration, flow rate, force, and pressure.
SI Units of Pressure, Force, and Flow
- Velocity (m/s): Measures the rate of an object's change of position, considering speed and direction.
- Acceleration (m/s²): Represents the rate at which an object increases its velocity.
- Flow rate (l/s or l/m): Measures the volume of fluid that moves through a pipe over time.
- Force (N): A measure of influence on an object that can cause movement.
- Pressure (Pa): A measure of force per unit area.
Definitions
- Velocity: The rate an object changes position, factoring in speed and direction (measured in m/s).
- Acceleration: The rate an object increases its velocity.
- Acceleration due to gravity: The gravitational pull (9.81 m/s² or 9.81 kN/m²).
- Flow rate: The amount of fluid flowing through a pipe in a given time.
- Force: An influence on an object causing movement (measured in N).
Pressure Task
- The task involves comparing the pressure exerted on a floor by two identical-sized, but differently-shaped objects, and explaining the reasons behind the difference.
Pressure Exerted by Solids and Liquids
- Pressure exerted by a solid object is directed only downwards.
- Pressure exerted by a liquid is exerted in all directions (including outwards).
Pressure Equations
- Static pressure considers stationary water.
- Dynamic pressure concerns flowing water.
- Both are calculated similarly: Head height x 9.81 (gravity) = Intensity of Pressure (N/m²).
Pressure Conversion Table
- Shows conversion between Kilopascals (kPa), Bar, and meters of head.
Atmospheric Pressure
- Atmospheric pressure constantly exerts force on all objects.
- Sea-level atmospheric pressure is 101.3 kPa.
- Atmospheric pressure decreases above sea level and increases below.
- Siphonic action (e.g., flushing toilets) is due to atmospheric pressure.
Pressure in a Property
- Discussion of where pressure is highest in a building given a water supply system, cold water system, and fixture arrangement.
Check Your Knowledge Questions
- Question 1: Velocity, measured in meters per second (m/s), describes the rate of an object's change in position, considering both speed and direction.
- Question 2: Flow rate.
- Question 3: Dynamic pressure is the pressure exerted by a moving fluid.
- Question 4: Static pressure is the pressure exerted by a stationary fluid.
- Question 5: Calculating the intensity of pressure at a tap given a head height using the formula:
- Pressure = Head height × acceleration due to gravity. (Intensity of pressure equation presented) -Example calculations shown.
Force and Flow
- Force is an effect on an object that can cause movement
- Closing the tap stops the body of water from flowing
- Opening the water tap causes the force of gravity to push water down through the pipe down and out of the tap.
- Reducing the diameter of a pipe increases water speed while reducing pressure and flow rate (an example of how force affects flow rate in a system).
Flow Rate
- Flow rate describes how much fluid moves through a pipe in certain time units.
- Flow rate is impacted by factors, including directional changes, pipe size, pressure, pipe length, frictional resistance, and constrictions.
Changes in Pipework
- Elbow replacements with smooth bends can help improve flow rates.
- Increasing pipe diameter improves water velocity.
Pipe Resistance
- Information on the resistance generated by elbows, tees, stop valves, check valves, and pulled bends. Measures shown for each.
Traffic Light System Directions
- Red: Indicates lack of understanding of today's content.
- Amber: Indicates an understanding of a portion of today's content but lacks clarity on specific points.
- Green: Indicates an understanding of all content.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of pressure, force, and fluid flow in plumbing systems. This lesson covers key measurement units such as velocity, acceleration, and flow rate, enhancing your understanding of how these forces interact in water systems.
