Power Plant Load Curves and Types
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a baseload power plant?

  • Gas turbine power plant (correct)
  • Nuclear power plant
  • Coal power plant
  • Biomass plant

    • A peak load power plant is designed to operate continuously during all hours of the day.

    False

    What is the purpose of a load curve?

    To illustrate the variation of load over a specific period of time.

    A power plant that only operates during peak demand hours is called a __________ plant.

    <p>peak load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of power plants with their category:

    <p>Nuclear power plant = Baseload Gas turbine power plant = Peak load Hydroelectric plant = Baseload Solar power plant = Peak load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transmission lines in an electric power system?

    <p>Connect different components of the power system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The standard frequency for power systems in Oman is 60 Hz.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two factors that can be determined from load curves.

    <p>Diversity factor, demand factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The high voltages used in transmission networks can be _____ or _____ depending on the country.

    <p>132kV, 220kV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following voltage levels with their use:

    <p>11kV = Distribution system 33kV = Distribution system 132kV = Transmission network 220kV = Transmission network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of an electric power system?

    <p>Heat exchangers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Higher frequencies in power systems lead to lower transmission losses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the voltage levels used in distribution systems in Oman?

    <p>11kV, 33kV, 415V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily energy supplied to the load by a 75MW power station with the given load schedule?

    <p>280 MWh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The load factor of a power station is the ratio of the average load to the maximum load.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum demand on the power station given in the content?

    <p>75 MW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rate at which electrical energy is supplied to a consumer is known as __________.

    <p>Tariff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to power generation and distribution:

    <p>Load Factor = Ratio of average load to maximum load Plant Capacity Factor = Actual energy produced versus potential energy Reserve Capacity = Extra capacity available beyond peak load Load Curve = Graph representing load change over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the annual load factor is 40% for a power station with a maximum demand of 100 MW, what is the annual energy generated?

    <p>876,000 MWh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connected load of a consumer with 10 lamps of 60W each and 2 heaters of 1000W each?

    <p>6800 W</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A power station was supplying load for 24 hours, based on the daily load schedule provided.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tariff charges consumers based on maximum demand in kVA rather than in kW?

    <p>kVA maximum demand tariff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A low power factor decreases the rating of station equipment and reduces line losses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sliding scale tariff?

    <p>It penalizes consumers with power factors below a set reference and rewards those above it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The charge per kW of maximum demand is denoted as ______.

    <p>b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tariff assesses both active power and reactive power separately?

    <p>kW and kVAR tariff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consumers with low power factors can receive discounts under the power factor tariff system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a consumer has a maximum demand of 200 kW and the tariff is 1 OMR per kW, what is the fixed charge for maximum demand?

    <p>200 OMR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each tariff type with its main characteristic:

    <p>kVA maximum demand tariff = Charges based on kVA maximum demand Sliding scale tariff = Penalties for low power factor kW and kVAR tariff = Charges for active and reactive power separately Power factor tariff = Considers the power factor in billing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a surge tank in a hydraulic system?

    <p>To control pressure variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A powerhouse is primarily responsible for generating electricity only during peak load times.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two advantages of hydroelectric power systems.

    <p>No fuel is required and very small running charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ serves to discharge excess water in the reservoir beyond the full permissible level.

    <p>spillway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following prime movers with their types:

    <p>Pelton wheel = Impulse turbine Francis = Reaction turbine Kaplan = Propeller turbine Propeller turbines = Axial flow turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about penstocks is correct?

    <p>They can be made of concrete or steel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydroelectric power systems require a minimal level of skilled personnel for operation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two disadvantages of hydroelectric power plants?

    <p>High capital cost and uncertainty about water availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Load Curves

    • Load curves graph electrical demand over time.
    • Peak load: The highest demand during a period.
    • Average load: The average demand during a period.
    • Load factor: The ratio of average load to peak load (always less than 1).
    • Plant capacity factor: The ratio of average load to the plant's capacity.
    • Diversity factor: The ratio of the sum of individual maximum demands to the maximum demand of the whole system.
    • Demand factor: The ratio of maximum demand to the total connected load, indicating how much of the total load is used at peak.

    Types of Power Plants

    • Baseload power plants: Run continuously to meet the constant load.
      • Nuclear power plants
      • Coal power plants
      • Hydroelectric power plants
      • Geothermal plants
      • Biogas plants
      • Biomass plants
      • Solar thermal with storage
      • Ocean thermal energy conversion
    • Peak load power plants: Run only during peak demand times.
      • Gas turbine power plants
      • Solar power plants
      • Wind turbine power plants
      • Diesel engine power plants
      • Small-scale hydroelectric power plants

    Tariff Systems

    • Tariff: The rate at which electrical energy is supplied to a consumer.
    • Objectives of tariffs:
      • Recover costs.
      • Earn reasonable profit.
    • Types of tariffs:
      • Flat rate tariff: A fixed price per kWh.
      • Two-part tariff:
        • A fixed charge per kW of maximum demand.
        • A charge per kWh of energy consumed.
      • Power factor tariff: Charges vary based on the consumer's power factor. Types include:
        • kVA Maximum demand tariff: Fixed charges are based on maximum demand in kVA.
        • Sliding scale tariff: Charges are adjusted based on the average power factor.
        • kW and kVAR tariff: Separate charges for active (kW) and reactive (kVAR) power.

    Hydroelectric Power System

    • Surge tank: Controls pressure variations in the penstock (water conduit) to prevent water hammer.
    • Penstock: A conduit that carries water from the intake works to the turbines.
      • Steel used for high and medium head plants.
      • Concrete used for low head plants.
    • Spillway: Discharges excess water from the reservoir.
    • Powerhouse: Houses the generating units and other equipment.
    • Prime mover: Converts the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy.
      • Pelton wheel, Francis, Kaplan, and Propeller turbines are common examples.
    • Advantages of hydroelectric power:
      • No fuel required.
      • Clean (no emissions).
      • Low operating costs.
      • Simple construction.
      • Short starting time.
      • Long lifespan.
      • Requires a small number of skilled operators.
    • Disadvantages of hydroelectric power:
      • High capital cost due to dam construction.
      • Uncertainty of water availability.
      • Requires skilled labor for construction.
      • Transmission lines often need to be long, increasing costs.

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    Chapter 1: Load Curves PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of load curves in electrical demand, including peak and average load, as well as various power plant types. You'll learn about baseload and peak load power plants, their characteristics, and how they operate to meet energy demands. Test your knowledge on these essential concepts in energy production.

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