30 Questions
What percentage of global electricity generation is projected to be supplied by renewable energy sources (RES) by 2035?
One third
What is the main focus of the Renewable Expansion Plan & System Integration in Egypt?
Fast development of wind and solar PV energy
What is the key factor driving the fast development of RES in Egypt?
Meeting the electricity sector's plan
What is the significance of the solar Atlas in Egypt?
Identifying areas with 9-11 hr/day sunshine duration for solar energy applications
In which regions of Egypt are promising areas for wind energy projects found?
Gulf of Suez, both sides of the Nile, and Sinai
What percentage of the total increase in electricity generation by 2035 is attributed to the growth in renewables?
Nearly half
What is the purpose of Scenario (4B) in the Egyptian Energy Strategy until 2035?
To reach 42% renewable energy contribution in 2035
What are the two main forms in which the sun delivers its energy?
Heat and light
What are the two main types of solar power systems mentioned in the text?
Solar thermal systems and solar PV systems
What is the maximum theoretical limit for solar PV cell efficiency according to Shockley Queisser eff.Limit?
49%
What percentage of Pin(radiation) is converted into electrical output in solar PV systems according to the text?
12-20%
Which council adopted the Egyptian Energy Strategy until 2035?
Supreme Council of Energy
What is the purpose of spinning reserve in the context of renewable energy generation?
To cover a contingency, e.g. generator failure
How does energy storage systems (EES) contribute to the grid in terms of load following?
EES follows hourly changes in demand throughout the day
What is meant by partial unpredictability in the context of renewable energy output?
Inability to predict whether the wind and sun will be generally available for energy production
How do stochastic factors impact unit commitment in dealing with uncertainties in renewable energy generation?
Forecasting followed by advanced commitment with stochastic factors
What are some methods used for wind power forecasting in the context of renewable energy generation?
Physical methods, Statistical methods
What is one of the major challenges of renewable energy generation in terms of location?
Unpredictability
What is a major challenge in integrating wind and solar resources into the grid?
Developing sufficient transmission to move renewable energy to markets is critical.
How does the location of wind and solar resources impact their integration into the grid?
Wind and solar resources are often located in remote locations, far from load centers.
Why are renewable energy sources like wind and solar considered site-constrained?
Renewable energy sources like wind and solar have few or no degrees of freedom in selecting a site for exploitation.
What challenges do the dispersion and granularity of renewable energy sources add to transmission?
The dispersion and limited capacity of renewable energy sources add challenges to transmission planning, construction, and cost.
What is an example of the difference in size and distribution between wind power and hydropower plants?
The total wind power developed in the US during 2006-2009 came from 546 sites, each averaging only 90 MW, while a single Three Gorges Dam hydropower plant in China has an installed capacity of 22,500 MW.
What is a major impact of integrating a renewable distributed generator (DG) into an existing distribution system?
One major impact is system protection.
What could act as a variable power sink/source for excess power and power shortage in renewable energy generation systems?
Batteries
Why is it important for off-grid PV/Wind systems to have a well-sized battery bank included?
To prevent frequent turn off of loads during power shortage regions.
What is the role of batteries in off-grid PV/Wind systems?
Acting as a variable power sink/source and preventing load turn off during power shortage.
What should a battery reach before acting as a variable power source in renewable energy generation systems?
Maximum allowed Depth of Discharge (DOD).
What constraint should be considered regarding the charging and discharging currents of batteries in off-grid systems?
Manufacturer's max charging/discharging current constraint.
How can batteries help match power supply with demand in renewable energy systems?
By acting as a variable power source/sink for excess power and power shortage.
Test your knowledge on renewable energy generation basics including source characteristic curves, source versus load curves, variation at different input power levels, special load requirements, and constant power loads. Explore scenarios involving adjusting lighting intensity and using cooling fans to match the maximum power output of a source.
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