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Questions and Answers
What is the typical age at which commercial chickens start laying eggs?
What is the typical age at which commercial chickens start laying eggs?
- 16-17 weeks
- 20-21 weeks
- 18-19 weeks (correct)
- 22-23 weeks
What is the primary purpose of breeding birds?
What is the primary purpose of breeding birds?
- To increase egg production rates
- To produce high-quality meat
- To enhance the genetic diversity of the flock
- To obtain fertilized eggs for hatching (correct)
Which of the following is an example of a dual-purpose crossbreed?
Which of the following is an example of a dual-purpose crossbreed?
- Red-Rock (correct)
- HyLine-W36
- Bovans White
- Austra-White
What does FCR stand for in poultry management?
What does FCR stand for in poultry management?
What term is used for a castrated male chicken?
What term is used for a castrated male chicken?
What is the age at which a pullet typically starts laying eggs?
What is the age at which a pullet typically starts laying eggs?
Which of the following species has the shortest incubation period?
Which of the following species has the shortest incubation period?
Which of the following options is NOT a classification used for birds?
Which of the following options is NOT a classification used for birds?
What is the average number of eggs laid annually by Khaki Campbell ducks?
What is the average number of eggs laid annually by Khaki Campbell ducks?
Which chromosome pair number is commonly associated with ducks and turkeys?
Which chromosome pair number is commonly associated with ducks and turkeys?
At what age do most species of poultry reach sexual maturity?
At what age do most species of poultry reach sexual maturity?
What is a cockerel?
What is a cockerel?
What is one of the benefits of poultry farming in rural areas?
What is one of the benefits of poultry farming in rural areas?
What defines a strain within a breed of chickens?
What defines a strain within a breed of chickens?
Which of the following chicken varieties is classified as a meat type?
Which of the following chicken varieties is classified as a meat type?
What is a key characteristic of lines in chicken breeding?
What is a key characteristic of lines in chicken breeding?
Which classification includes chickens that can produce both meat and eggs?
Which classification includes chickens that can produce both meat and eggs?
Which state is NOT associated with the recognized indigenous breed Aseel?
Which state is NOT associated with the recognized indigenous breed Aseel?
What is the primary focus of breeding when developing a strain of chickens?
What is the primary focus of breeding when developing a strain of chickens?
What is the average egg production range for a dual purpose chicken?
What is the average egg production range for a dual purpose chicken?
Which of the following is classified as a fancy variety of chicken?
Which of the following is classified as a fancy variety of chicken?
Which term refers to a female chicken?
Which term refers to a female chicken?
What is the primary objective of the Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR)?
What is the primary objective of the Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR)?
Which breed is known for its heavy egg production?
Which breed is known for its heavy egg production?
Which institution was established to support the poultry sector in India in 1979?
Which institution was established to support the poultry sector in India in 1979?
What is a ' poult' in poultry terminology?
What is a ' poult' in poultry terminology?
What is a characteristic of indigenous chicken species?
What is a characteristic of indigenous chicken species?
What is the primary purpose of rearing broilers?
What is the primary purpose of rearing broilers?
Why is the meat of Kadaknath chicken black?
Why is the meat of Kadaknath chicken black?
How long are layer chickens typically raised before they start laying eggs?
How long are layer chickens typically raised before they start laying eggs?
Which of the following is NOT a broiler strain?
Which of the following is NOT a broiler strain?
What does FCR stand for in poultry farming?
What does FCR stand for in poultry farming?
Which of the following best describes the growth pattern of indigenous chickens?
Which of the following best describes the growth pattern of indigenous chickens?
What is the average body weight of broilers at 6-8 weeks of age?
What is the average body weight of broilers at 6-8 weeks of age?
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Study Notes
Poultry Farming Overview
- Layer and table birds produce cash-generating eggs; pullets begin laying at approximately five months.
- Broilers are ready for market by six weeks, offering rapid return on investment.
- Pullet: A young female chicken meant for egg production.
- Cockerel: A young male chicken that reaches sexual maturity.
Benefits of Poultry Farming
- Poultry farming diversifies income opportunities, especially during off-seasons of crop cultivation.
- Provides employment for rural and peri-urban youth.
- Can empower women in rural areas.
Industrial Poultry Farming
- Large-scale commercial poultry operations attract significant investments in rural regions.
- Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is the domesticated subspecies derived from red junglefowl.
Poultry Species Characteristics
- Incubation periods vary:
- Chickens 21 days
- Ducks 28 days
- Quails 17-18 days
- Emus 52-55 days
- Chromosome counts:
- Chickens and guineafowl have 39 pairs.
- Ducks and turkeys have 40 pairs.
- Age at sexual maturity varies from 6-12 weeks (quails and pigeons) to 52 weeks (ostriches).
Poultry Classifications
- Classes: Groupings based on geographical origin (American, Asiatic, Mediterranean, English).
- Breeds: Established groups with distinct traits (e.g., Aseel, Rhode Island Red).
- Varieties: Sub-groups within breeds distinguished by features (e.g., White Leghorn).
- Strains: Focused on specific traits like egg production; typically named after their developers (e.g., Meyer strain).
- Lines: Sub-classifications designed for genetic consistency for traits.
Chicken Classifications by Utility
- Egg type: High egg production (e.g., White Leghorn).
- Meat type: Rearing for meat (e.g., Cornish).
- Dual purpose: Suitable for both meat and eggs (e.g., Rhode Island Red).
- Game birds: Used for sport (e.g., Aseel).
- Fancy varieties: Show birds (e.g., Silky).
- Indigenous types: Native breeds with unique characteristics (e.g., Kadaknath).
Indigenous Chicken Breeds in India
- Significant breeds recognized by the ICAR include Aseel, Kadaknath, and Ghagus.
- Characteristics:
- Slow growth and late sexual maturity.
- Low egg production (50-60 eggs/year).
- Broody nature and heat tolerance.
Broiler and Layer Poultry
-
Broilers:
- Rearing for meat; averages 2.0-2.5 kg at 6-8 weeks.
- Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.8 - 2.0.
- Common strains include Cobb, Ross, and Lohmann.
-
Layers:
- Raised for commercial egg production; start laying between 18-19 weeks.
- Average weight of layers at that time is about 1.5 kg.
- Notable hybrids include BV-300 and HyLine.
Common Poultry Terms
- Capon: A castrated male chicken.
- Cock: Adult male chicken.
- Hen: Adult female poultry.
Important Institutions for Poultry Development in India
- Directorate of Poultry Research (DPR): Founded in 1970 for research coordination and chicken line development.
- Central Avian Research Institute (CARI): Established in 1979 for poultry sector support.
- State Agriculture Universities: Involved in local poultry variety development and research.
Study Assignment
- Thoroughly study the following breeds:
- Leghorn
- Australorp
- Rhode Island Red
- Cornish
- Plymouth Rock
- Aseel
- Haringhatta Black
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