Posture Assessment in Occupational Therapy
40 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the term 'position' refer to in occupational therapy?

  • The dynamic adjustment of the body during movement
  • The use of assistive devices for mobility
  • The location of an individual in relation to their environment (correct)
  • The length of time spent in a particular posture

Which of the following best describes 'faulty posture'?

  • A position that enhances mobility and flexibility
  • A balanced position with minimal stress on joints
  • Any position that causes increased stress to the joints (correct)
  • A perfect alignment of the spine and limbs

What is indicated by 'ideal posture'?

  • A straight line through specific body landmarks (correct)
  • An eccentric position that emphasizes muscle engagement
  • A slouched position to relieve muscle tension
  • A resting position without any spinal curvature

Which statement about postural alignment is true?

<p>It encompasses how the body functions biomechanically. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the pelvis play in seated ideal posture?

<p>It should remain neutral with no tilt or obliquity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is disc compression affected by posture?

<p>It varies based on whether the posture is ideal or faulty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ideal seated posture, where should the ears be aligned?

<p>Directly above the shoulders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dynamic posture refer to?

<p>An adaptable position that changes with activity demands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily assessed during posture observation?

<p>Alignment and symmetry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is NOT explicitly listed as part of maintaining posture?

<p>Endocrine system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation position is necessary to properly assess posture?

<p>Multiple positions including standing and lying (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tools is used for marking posture landmarks during assessment?

<p>Goniometer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a potential outcome of faulty posture?

<p>Pain and dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the anterior view observation, which feature should be symmetrical?

<p>Clavicle and shoulder position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying cause of faulty posture can be identified through assessment?

<p>Presence of a medical condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT directly related to the general health of an individual in terms of posture?

<p>Flooring type at home (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes anterior pelvic tilt in sitting?

<p>There is increased lumbar lordosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of posterior pelvic tilt in sitting?

<p>Backwards rotation of the pelvis occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can contribute to thoracic kyphosis?

<p>Compression of intervertebral discs anteriorly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of poor posture?

<p>Pain and fatigue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle weaknesses may lead to forward shoulders?

<p>Weakness of thoracic extensor and mid trapezius muscles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to occur in the presence of a flat back posture?

<p>Flattening of the lumbar vertebrae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of forward head posture?

<p>Tightness of cervical flexor muscles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does increased lumbar lordosis indicate?

<p>Forward pelvic tilt. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely cause of anterior pelvic tilt?

<p>Increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine resembling a C or S shape?

<p>Scoliosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of genu recurvatum at the knee?

<p>Tightness of quadriceps and hamstrings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to pes planus or flat foot?

<p>Shortened peroneal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely cause of forward posture in relation to the ankle?

<p>Dorsiflexion of the ankles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor may lead to a dropped shoulder posture?

<p>Hand dominance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of head rotation posture?

<p>Compression of vertebrae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most cases of scoliosis are attributed to which of the following?

<p>Idiopathic causes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal angle of valgus range for knees as observed from the anterior view?

<p>13o to 18o (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates tibial torsion when the patella is pointing straight ahead?

<p>Toes pointing outward (C), Toes pointing inward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is assessed to determine symmetry in the ribcage during the anterior view observation?

<p>Protrusion or depression of ribs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When observing from the posterior view, which reference line is used to assess spine alignment?

<p>Vertical line from C7 to gluteal cleft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation is important to check for pelvic obliquity?

<p>Height of gluteal folds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a potential problem in the lateral view observation regarding the head and neck alignment?

<p>Forward or rotated head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measurement indicates proper alignment of the ankles?

<p>Malleoli are level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is observed when the scapulae are flat against the thorax in the lateral view?

<p>Excessive protraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Position in Occupational Therapy

The positioning of an individual within their environment, relative to their surroundings. This concept is static and refers to a fixed point in time.

Posture

The relative disposition of the body at any given moment, encompassing the arrangement of joints. It can be dynamic or static, and changes in response to activity demands.

Ideal Posture

A state of postural alignment that minimizes stress on joints and promotes balanced muscle activity. It refers to the functional aspects of how body parts align.

Correct Posture

A posture that involves minimal stress on joints, but may not necessarily be perfectly aligned. It's a functional posture with minimal strain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Faulty Posture

Any posture that leads to increased stress on joints. It can contribute to discomfort, pain, and potential injury.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Posture and Intervertebral Disc Pressure

The pressure on intervertebral discs varies depending on body position. This pressure is often measured at the L3-L4 disc, and poor posture can contribute to disc degeneration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ideal Posture in Seated Position

A neutral pelvis, upright trunk, and balanced spinal curvature are essential components. The head and neck should be aligned, with ears aligned with shoulders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Poor Posture and Disc Degeneration

The position of the body can influence the pressure on discs and contribute to disc degeneration. While the evidence is not conclusive, the link between poor posture and disc degeneration is worth recognizing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Observing Posture

The alignment and symmetry of the body in various positions while observing natural postures, assessing both with and without aids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plumb Line

A vertical line used as a reference point to assess posture, running from the earlobe through the shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Landmarking

Identifying and examining specific body landmarks for posture analysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spinal Curves

Analyzing the curvature of the spine, particularly the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions, for any deviations from a neutral alignment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Symmetry

Observing whether the body parts are positioned symmetrically on both sides, such as the shoulders, hips, and legs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Multiple Viewpoints

Utilizing various approaches for assessing posture, including observing the anterior, posterior, and lateral views of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Various Positions

Evaluating the body in different positions, including standing, sitting, forward bending, and lying down.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Posture Assessment

A comprehensive assessment of posture that considers the client's self-report, functional limitations, diagnosis, medical history, and observation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thoracic Kyphosis

An exaggerated inward curve of the thoracic spine, making the upper back appear rounded.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scoliosis

A lateral curvature of the spine that can twist the vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anterior Pelvic Tilt

The ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) is positioned forward compared to the pubic symphysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genu Recurvatum

The knee is hyperextended, making it appear straight or even bent backward.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Forward Posture (ankle)

The gravity line falls behind the body, causing the weight to be carried on the metatarsal heads.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Head Rotated

The head is tilted to one side, with the gravity line off-center.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dropped Shoulder

One shoulder is lower than the other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pes Planus (Flat Foot)

A flattened medial longitudinal arch of the foot, often with a medially convex Achilles tendon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Posterior Line of Reference

A straight line drawn from the C7 spinous process (the bony bump at the base of your neck) down to the gluteal cleft (the crease between your buttocks). It helps check for scoliosis and other spinal deviations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scapular Winging

A condition where the scapula (shoulder blade) sticks out from the back, often due to weak muscles or nerve damage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lordosis

An exaggerated inward curve of the spine in the lower back.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Forward Head

A forward head posture, where the head is tilted forward.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pectus Carinatum

A bulging chest caused by an abnormally protruding sternum (breastbone).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pectus Excavatum

A sunken chest caused by an abnormally depressed sternum (breastbone).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kyphosis

An exaggerated outward curve of the spine in the upper back.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Forward Head Posture

A postural deviation where the head is positioned forward of the gravity line, with possible causes including excessive cervical lordosis, tight cervical extensor muscles and elongated cervical flexor muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Forward Shoulders

A postural deviation where the acromion process is anterior to the gravity line and scapulae are abducted, with possible causes including tight pectoralis muscles and weakness of middle trapezius muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Excessive Lordotic Cervical Curve

An excessive inward curvature of the cervical spine, with possible causes including vertebral bodies and posterior joints being compressed, tightness of posterior neck extensors, and elongated levator scapulae muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Flat Back Posture

A flattening of the lumbar vertebrae with the pelvis displaced forward, with possible causes including tight hip flexors, weak abdominal muscles, and tight hamstrings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Posture & Postural Faults

  • Posture is the relative position of the body at any given moment, a composite of the positions of different joints. It can be dynamic or static and changes in response to activity demands.
  • Postural alignment describes how posture functions biomechanically.
  • Position in occupational therapy refers to an individual's location in space relative to their environment.
  • Occupational therapists (OTs) position individuals for functional mobility and to offload pressure points, e.g., on a bed, in a wheelchair, or a splint.

Posture Classification

  • Ideal posture: a straight line through specific landmarks with a balanced joint position.
  • Correct posture: minimum stress is applied to each joint.
  • Faulty posture: any position that causes increased stress on the joints.

Ideal Posture: Upright

  • The earlobe aligns with the shoulder joint.
  • The mid-line of the trunk is straight.
  • The greater trochanter of the femur is in line.
  • The mid-line of the knee is approximately aligned with the slightly anterior lateral malleolus.
  • The abdomen should be relatively flat.

Normal Curves of the Spine

  • The spine has natural curves: cervical (lordosis), thoracic (kyphosis), lumbar (lordosis), sacral (kyphosis), and coccygeal (tailbone).

Ideal Posture: Seated

  • Neutral pelvis (no tilt or obliquity).
  • Upright trunk with balanced spinal curvature.
  • Neutral head and neck position.
  • Ears aligned with shoulders.

Posture & Intervertebral Discs

  • Disc compression varies by position, relative to ideal upright posture (standing).
  • Pressure is often measured at the L3-L4 intervertebral disc.
  • Hydrostatic pressure is measured in the nucleus pulposus of a non-degenerated disc.
  • Poor posture and increased disc pressure are associated with disc degeneration.

Effects of Posture on Discs

  • Illustrations show that disc pressure increases in various body positions depending on the posture (e.g., lying down, sitting, standing).

How Posture Affects Disc Pressure

  • Illustrations show how different sitting angles can affect disc pressure.

Maintaining Posture - Systems etc.

  • Musculoskeletal system
  • Visual system
  • Vestibular system
  • Sensory system (tactile, kinesthesia, proprioception)
  • General health
  • Psychosocial/emotional factors
  • Pain

Why is it Important?

  • Faulty posture usually has an underlying cause.
  • It can lead to increased pain and dysfunction.
  • Identifying contributing factors allows for effective intervention.
  • Consideration of impact on function and an individual's ability to participate in their daily life needs.

Assessing Posture

  • Client information (self-report, functional limitations, diagnosis, previous medical history).
  • Observation (begin observing immediately, minimal clothing, relaxed/comfortable positions, with/without aids).
  • Examination (systematic approach, e.g., top-down).

Posture Assessment: Observation

  • Begin observation immediately (natural postures).
  • Minimal clothing is ideal.
  • Individual stands in a relaxed/comfortable position.
  • Assess both with and without aids (like orthotics, walkers).

Observation - Tools

  • Plumb line
  • Grid
  • Ruler
  • Tape measure
  • Goniometer
  • Self (eyes, then hands)

Looking for What?

  • Alignment
  • Spinal curves (head, neck, trunk, pelvis, extremities).
  • Symmetry

Positions & Views

  • Multiple viewpoints (anterior, posterior, lateral).
  • Various positions (standing, sitting, forward bending, lying supine, lying prone).

Landmarking

  • Specific anatomical landmarks are identified for postural assessment (e.g., suprasternal notch, temporomandibular joint, mastoid process, acromion process, coracoid process, lateral epicondyle of the humerus & olecranon process of ulna, Xiphoid process, clavicle, vertebral border of scapula, inferior border of scapula, spine of scapula, iliac crest, ASIS, PSIS, Inion, spinous processes, gluteal folds, patella, greater trochanter, head of fibula, lateral & medial malleoli, calcaneus).

Anterior View Observations

  • Mandible, Head & Neck, Trapezius, Clavicle, & AC and SC joints, Shoulders, Arms(carrying angle), Rib cage, Pelvis, Knees, Feet, & Ankle.

Posterior View Observations

  • Posterior line of reference, Scapulae, Spine, Ribs, Head & neck, PSIS, Gluteal folds, Popliteal fossae, Ankles, & Feet.

Pelvic Obliquity

  • Asymmetry of the pelvis in the frontal plane
  • One side elevated relative to the other

Lateral View Observations

  • Spine alignment, typical curves, kyphosis, lordosis, scapula placement, thorax, chest, sternum, pectus carinatum & excavatum, head & neck, forward or rotated heads.
  • Knee flexion, genu recurvatum, pelvic angle (30°), ASIS and pubic symphysis in the same vertical plane, pelvic tilt anterior & posterior, Hip joint flexion, hamstring tightness.

Pelvic Tilt

  • Neutral pelvis
  • Anterior pelvic tilt
  • Posterior pelvic tilt

Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Sitting

  • Top of pelvis tilts forward
  • PSIS elevated relative to the ASIS
  • Increased lumbar lordosis and extension of upper trunk

Posterior Pelvic Tilt in Sitting

  • Backward rotation of pelvis out of neutral position.
  • ASIS higher than PSIS
  • Increased thoracic kyphosis and rounded back

Other Considerations

  • Muscle atrophy/hypertrophy.
  • Hair growth patterns
  • Weight
  • Components/systems contributing to postural control
  • Pain

Consequences of Faulty Posture

  • Loss of function
  • Restricted range of motion
  • Pain
  • Fatigue
  • Swallowing
  • Breathing
  • Social/mood effects

Common Postural Faults

  • Forward Head
  • Forward Shoulders
  • Excessive Lordotic Cervical Curve
  • Thoracic Kyphosis
  • Flat Back
  • Scoliosis
  • Lateral Pelvic Tilt
  • Anterior Pelvic Tilt

Genu Recurvatum (knee)

  • Knee hyperextended, gravitational stress forward of joint axis
  • Tight quadriceps, gastrocncemius and soleus muscles
  • Stretched popliteus and hamstring muscles at the knee
  • Compression forces anteriorly
  • Shape of tibial plateau

Forward Posture (ankle)

  • Gravity line posterior to the body, body weight on metatarsal heads
  • Ankle in dorsiflexion, forward leg inclination
  • Tightness of dorsal musculature
  • Posterior muscles of trunk contracted

Head Rotated

  • Gravity line to the right or left of the midline
  • Tightness of Sternocleidomastoid, upper traps, scalenes, intrinsic rotator muscles on one side, elongated contralateral rotator muscles
  • Compression/rotation of vertebrae

Dropped Shoulder

  • One shoulder lower than the other
  • Hand dominance
  • Short lateral trunk muscles, short and high adducted hip joint
  • Tightness of rhomboid and latissimus dorsi muscles

Pes Planus (flat foot)

  • Decreased medial longitudinal arch
  • Achilles' tendon convex medially
  • Navicular bone below Feiss line (between medial malleoli and first metatarsal)
  • Shortened peroneal muscle, elongated posterior tibial muscle
  • Stretched plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
  • Structural displacement of talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones

External Tibial Torsion

  • Distal tibia rotated laterally 25 degrees from proximal tibia; excess of 25 degrees (toeing out).
  • Tightness of tensor fasciae latae / iliotibial band
  • Fracture
  • Cruciate ligament tear
  • Femoral retroversion

Hallux Valgus

  • Lateral deviation of the first digit at metatarsophalangeal joint
  • Excessive medial bone growth of first metatarsal head
  • Joint dislocation
  • Tight adductor hallucis muscle
  • Stretched abductor hallucis muscle

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to posture assessment in occupational therapy. It explores aspects such as ideal posture, faulty posture, and the role of body alignment. Test your understanding of how posture influences health and function in therapy settings.

More Like This

Posture Assessment Methods
10 questions
Métodos de evaluación ergonómica: REBA
10 questions

Métodos de evaluación ergonómica: REBA

LightHeartedHammeredDulcimer avatar
LightHeartedHammeredDulcimer
Ergonomics and Posture Assessment
18 questions

Ergonomics and Posture Assessment

UnparalleledWilliamsite8572 avatar
UnparalleledWilliamsite8572
Posture Assessment and Risks
21 questions

Posture Assessment and Risks

CherishedStatueOfLiberty avatar
CherishedStatueOfLiberty
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser