Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'position' refer to in occupational therapy?
What does the term 'position' refer to in occupational therapy?
- The dynamic adjustment of the body during movement
- The use of assistive devices for mobility
- The location of an individual in relation to their environment (correct)
- The length of time spent in a particular posture
Which of the following best describes 'faulty posture'?
Which of the following best describes 'faulty posture'?
- A position that enhances mobility and flexibility
- A balanced position with minimal stress on joints
- Any position that causes increased stress to the joints (correct)
- A perfect alignment of the spine and limbs
What is indicated by 'ideal posture'?
What is indicated by 'ideal posture'?
- A straight line through specific body landmarks (correct)
- An eccentric position that emphasizes muscle engagement
- A slouched position to relieve muscle tension
- A resting position without any spinal curvature
Which statement about postural alignment is true?
Which statement about postural alignment is true?
What role does the pelvis play in seated ideal posture?
What role does the pelvis play in seated ideal posture?
How is disc compression affected by posture?
How is disc compression affected by posture?
In ideal seated posture, where should the ears be aligned?
In ideal seated posture, where should the ears be aligned?
What does dynamic posture refer to?
What does dynamic posture refer to?
What is primarily assessed during posture observation?
What is primarily assessed during posture observation?
Which system is NOT explicitly listed as part of maintaining posture?
Which system is NOT explicitly listed as part of maintaining posture?
What observation position is necessary to properly assess posture?
What observation position is necessary to properly assess posture?
Which of the following tools is used for marking posture landmarks during assessment?
Which of the following tools is used for marking posture landmarks during assessment?
What is considered a potential outcome of faulty posture?
What is considered a potential outcome of faulty posture?
During the anterior view observation, which feature should be symmetrical?
During the anterior view observation, which feature should be symmetrical?
What underlying cause of faulty posture can be identified through assessment?
What underlying cause of faulty posture can be identified through assessment?
Which aspect is NOT directly related to the general health of an individual in terms of posture?
Which aspect is NOT directly related to the general health of an individual in terms of posture?
What distinguishes anterior pelvic tilt in sitting?
What distinguishes anterior pelvic tilt in sitting?
What is a characteristic of posterior pelvic tilt in sitting?
What is a characteristic of posterior pelvic tilt in sitting?
Which of the following can contribute to thoracic kyphosis?
Which of the following can contribute to thoracic kyphosis?
What is the primary consequence of poor posture?
What is the primary consequence of poor posture?
Which muscle weaknesses may lead to forward shoulders?
Which muscle weaknesses may lead to forward shoulders?
What is likely to occur in the presence of a flat back posture?
What is likely to occur in the presence of a flat back posture?
What is a possible cause of forward head posture?
What is a possible cause of forward head posture?
What does increased lumbar lordosis indicate?
What does increased lumbar lordosis indicate?
What is a likely cause of anterior pelvic tilt?
What is a likely cause of anterior pelvic tilt?
Which condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine resembling a C or S shape?
Which condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine resembling a C or S shape?
What is a common cause of genu recurvatum at the knee?
What is a common cause of genu recurvatum at the knee?
What contributes to pes planus or flat foot?
What contributes to pes planus or flat foot?
What is a likely cause of forward posture in relation to the ankle?
What is a likely cause of forward posture in relation to the ankle?
Which factor may lead to a dropped shoulder posture?
Which factor may lead to a dropped shoulder posture?
What is a primary characteristic of head rotation posture?
What is a primary characteristic of head rotation posture?
Most cases of scoliosis are attributed to which of the following?
Most cases of scoliosis are attributed to which of the following?
What is the normal angle of valgus range for knees as observed from the anterior view?
What is the normal angle of valgus range for knees as observed from the anterior view?
Which of the following indicates tibial torsion when the patella is pointing straight ahead?
Which of the following indicates tibial torsion when the patella is pointing straight ahead?
What is assessed to determine symmetry in the ribcage during the anterior view observation?
What is assessed to determine symmetry in the ribcage during the anterior view observation?
When observing from the posterior view, which reference line is used to assess spine alignment?
When observing from the posterior view, which reference line is used to assess spine alignment?
Which observation is important to check for pelvic obliquity?
Which observation is important to check for pelvic obliquity?
What indicates a potential problem in the lateral view observation regarding the head and neck alignment?
What indicates a potential problem in the lateral view observation regarding the head and neck alignment?
What measurement indicates proper alignment of the ankles?
What measurement indicates proper alignment of the ankles?
Which condition is observed when the scapulae are flat against the thorax in the lateral view?
Which condition is observed when the scapulae are flat against the thorax in the lateral view?
Flashcards
Position in Occupational Therapy
Position in Occupational Therapy
The positioning of an individual within their environment, relative to their surroundings. This concept is static and refers to a fixed point in time.
Posture
Posture
The relative disposition of the body at any given moment, encompassing the arrangement of joints. It can be dynamic or static, and changes in response to activity demands.
Ideal Posture
Ideal Posture
A state of postural alignment that minimizes stress on joints and promotes balanced muscle activity. It refers to the functional aspects of how body parts align.
Correct Posture
Correct Posture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Faulty Posture
Faulty Posture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Posture and Intervertebral Disc Pressure
Posture and Intervertebral Disc Pressure
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ideal Posture in Seated Position
Ideal Posture in Seated Position
Signup and view all the flashcards
Poor Posture and Disc Degeneration
Poor Posture and Disc Degeneration
Signup and view all the flashcards
Observing Posture
Observing Posture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Plumb Line
Plumb Line
Signup and view all the flashcards
Landmarking
Landmarking
Signup and view all the flashcards
Spinal Curves
Spinal Curves
Signup and view all the flashcards
Symmetry
Symmetry
Signup and view all the flashcards
Multiple Viewpoints
Multiple Viewpoints
Signup and view all the flashcards
Various Positions
Various Positions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Posture Assessment
Posture Assessment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thoracic Kyphosis
Thoracic Kyphosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Scoliosis
Scoliosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Signup and view all the flashcards
Genu Recurvatum
Genu Recurvatum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forward Posture (ankle)
Forward Posture (ankle)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Head Rotated
Head Rotated
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dropped Shoulder
Dropped Shoulder
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pes Planus (Flat Foot)
Pes Planus (Flat Foot)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Posterior Line of Reference
Posterior Line of Reference
Signup and view all the flashcards
Scapular Winging
Scapular Winging
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lordosis
Lordosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forward Head
Forward Head
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pectus Carinatum
Pectus Carinatum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pectus Excavatum
Pectus Excavatum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Kyphosis
Kyphosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forward Head Posture
Forward Head Posture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forward Shoulders
Forward Shoulders
Signup and view all the flashcards
Excessive Lordotic Cervical Curve
Excessive Lordotic Cervical Curve
Signup and view all the flashcards
Flat Back Posture
Flat Back Posture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Posture & Postural Faults
- Posture is the relative position of the body at any given moment, a composite of the positions of different joints. It can be dynamic or static and changes in response to activity demands.
- Postural alignment describes how posture functions biomechanically.
- Position in occupational therapy refers to an individual's location in space relative to their environment.
- Occupational therapists (OTs) position individuals for functional mobility and to offload pressure points, e.g., on a bed, in a wheelchair, or a splint.
Posture Classification
- Ideal posture: a straight line through specific landmarks with a balanced joint position.
- Correct posture: minimum stress is applied to each joint.
- Faulty posture: any position that causes increased stress on the joints.
Ideal Posture: Upright
- The earlobe aligns with the shoulder joint.
- The mid-line of the trunk is straight.
- The greater trochanter of the femur is in line.
- The mid-line of the knee is approximately aligned with the slightly anterior lateral malleolus.
- The abdomen should be relatively flat.
Normal Curves of the Spine
- The spine has natural curves: cervical (lordosis), thoracic (kyphosis), lumbar (lordosis), sacral (kyphosis), and coccygeal (tailbone).
Ideal Posture: Seated
- Neutral pelvis (no tilt or obliquity).
- Upright trunk with balanced spinal curvature.
- Neutral head and neck position.
- Ears aligned with shoulders.
Posture & Intervertebral Discs
- Disc compression varies by position, relative to ideal upright posture (standing).
- Pressure is often measured at the L3-L4 intervertebral disc.
- Hydrostatic pressure is measured in the nucleus pulposus of a non-degenerated disc.
- Poor posture and increased disc pressure are associated with disc degeneration.
Effects of Posture on Discs
- Illustrations show that disc pressure increases in various body positions depending on the posture (e.g., lying down, sitting, standing).
How Posture Affects Disc Pressure
- Illustrations show how different sitting angles can affect disc pressure.
Maintaining Posture - Systems etc.
- Musculoskeletal system
- Visual system
- Vestibular system
- Sensory system (tactile, kinesthesia, proprioception)
- General health
- Psychosocial/emotional factors
- Pain
Why is it Important?
- Faulty posture usually has an underlying cause.
- It can lead to increased pain and dysfunction.
- Identifying contributing factors allows for effective intervention.
- Consideration of impact on function and an individual's ability to participate in their daily life needs.
Assessing Posture
- Client information (self-report, functional limitations, diagnosis, previous medical history).
- Observation (begin observing immediately, minimal clothing, relaxed/comfortable positions, with/without aids).
- Examination (systematic approach, e.g., top-down).
Posture Assessment: Observation
- Begin observation immediately (natural postures).
- Minimal clothing is ideal.
- Individual stands in a relaxed/comfortable position.
- Assess both with and without aids (like orthotics, walkers).
Observation - Tools
- Plumb line
- Grid
- Ruler
- Tape measure
- Goniometer
- Self (eyes, then hands)
Looking for What?
- Alignment
- Spinal curves (head, neck, trunk, pelvis, extremities).
- Symmetry
Positions & Views
- Multiple viewpoints (anterior, posterior, lateral).
- Various positions (standing, sitting, forward bending, lying supine, lying prone).
Landmarking
- Specific anatomical landmarks are identified for postural assessment (e.g., suprasternal notch, temporomandibular joint, mastoid process, acromion process, coracoid process, lateral epicondyle of the humerus & olecranon process of ulna, Xiphoid process, clavicle, vertebral border of scapula, inferior border of scapula, spine of scapula, iliac crest, ASIS, PSIS, Inion, spinous processes, gluteal folds, patella, greater trochanter, head of fibula, lateral & medial malleoli, calcaneus).
Anterior View Observations
- Mandible, Head & Neck, Trapezius, Clavicle, & AC and SC joints, Shoulders, Arms(carrying angle), Rib cage, Pelvis, Knees, Feet, & Ankle.
Posterior View Observations
- Posterior line of reference, Scapulae, Spine, Ribs, Head & neck, PSIS, Gluteal folds, Popliteal fossae, Ankles, & Feet.
Pelvic Obliquity
- Asymmetry of the pelvis in the frontal plane
- One side elevated relative to the other
Lateral View Observations
- Spine alignment, typical curves, kyphosis, lordosis, scapula placement, thorax, chest, sternum, pectus carinatum & excavatum, head & neck, forward or rotated heads.
- Knee flexion, genu recurvatum, pelvic angle (30°), ASIS and pubic symphysis in the same vertical plane, pelvic tilt anterior & posterior, Hip joint flexion, hamstring tightness.
Pelvic Tilt
- Neutral pelvis
- Anterior pelvic tilt
- Posterior pelvic tilt
Anterior Pelvic Tilt in Sitting
- Top of pelvis tilts forward
- PSIS elevated relative to the ASIS
- Increased lumbar lordosis and extension of upper trunk
Posterior Pelvic Tilt in Sitting
- Backward rotation of pelvis out of neutral position.
- ASIS higher than PSIS
- Increased thoracic kyphosis and rounded back
Other Considerations
- Muscle atrophy/hypertrophy.
- Hair growth patterns
- Weight
- Components/systems contributing to postural control
- Pain
Consequences of Faulty Posture
- Loss of function
- Restricted range of motion
- Pain
- Fatigue
- Swallowing
- Breathing
- Social/mood effects
Common Postural Faults
- Forward Head
- Forward Shoulders
- Excessive Lordotic Cervical Curve
- Thoracic Kyphosis
- Flat Back
- Scoliosis
- Lateral Pelvic Tilt
- Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Genu Recurvatum (knee)
- Knee hyperextended, gravitational stress forward of joint axis
- Tight quadriceps, gastrocncemius and soleus muscles
- Stretched popliteus and hamstring muscles at the knee
- Compression forces anteriorly
- Shape of tibial plateau
Forward Posture (ankle)
- Gravity line posterior to the body, body weight on metatarsal heads
- Ankle in dorsiflexion, forward leg inclination
- Tightness of dorsal musculature
- Posterior muscles of trunk contracted
Head Rotated
- Gravity line to the right or left of the midline
- Tightness of Sternocleidomastoid, upper traps, scalenes, intrinsic rotator muscles on one side, elongated contralateral rotator muscles
- Compression/rotation of vertebrae
Dropped Shoulder
- One shoulder lower than the other
- Hand dominance
- Short lateral trunk muscles, short and high adducted hip joint
- Tightness of rhomboid and latissimus dorsi muscles
Pes Planus (flat foot)
- Decreased medial longitudinal arch
- Achilles' tendon convex medially
- Navicular bone below Feiss line (between medial malleoli and first metatarsal)
- Shortened peroneal muscle, elongated posterior tibial muscle
- Stretched plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
- Structural displacement of talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones
External Tibial Torsion
- Distal tibia rotated laterally 25 degrees from proximal tibia; excess of 25 degrees (toeing out).
- Tightness of tensor fasciae latae / iliotibial band
- Fracture
- Cruciate ligament tear
- Femoral retroversion
Hallux Valgus
- Lateral deviation of the first digit at metatarsophalangeal joint
- Excessive medial bone growth of first metatarsal head
- Joint dislocation
- Tight adductor hallucis muscle
- Stretched abductor hallucis muscle
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to posture assessment in occupational therapy. It explores aspects such as ideal posture, faulty posture, and the role of body alignment. Test your understanding of how posture influences health and function in therapy settings.