Postmodernist Views and Scientific Critiques on Metaphysical Truths

What is the main role of philosophy according to the text?

Promoting scientific research
Monitoring developments in other disciplines (correct)
Creating new disciplines
Disregarding other areas of knowledge

What tool does philosophy adopt to be interested in new disciplines?

Logic
Metaphysics
Ethics (correct)
Epistemology

How do philosophers define philosophy from the technical sense?

As the observation of nature
As the rational analysis of ideas (correct)
As the practice of meditation
As the study of human emotions

What is one of the ways philosophy has been viewed according to the text?

As a critique of everyday ideas (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the word 'criticism' used for in the context of philosophy?

As a rational inquiry into concepts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common focus of philosophers in their inquiries?

Essential nature of things (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of meta-ethics?

Analyzing ethical concepts and meanings (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of moral judgments does meta-ethics question?

Their objectivity and universality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does meta-ethics play in shaping normative ethics?

Guiding towards objective moral facts (A) Signup and view all the answers

In meta-ethics, what does engaging with critical thinking and intellectual humility lead to?

Fostering appreciation for the complexity of morality (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are ethical theories defined in the text?

Frameworks to analyze morally right and wrong behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do ethical theories attempt to explain according to the text?

Human moral behavior in a systematic way (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of postmodernists regarding reality?

Reality is shaped by language, culture, and perspectives. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to existentialists, individuals are considered to be:

Architects of their own existence (C) Signup and view all the answers

How have discoveries in physics like quantum mechanics impacted traditional metaphysical assumptions?

They challenged traditional metaphysical assumptions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Existentialism, freedom is viewed as:

Both liberating and burdensome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do postmodern critiques aim to do to the notion of a singular metaphysical truth?

Entirely invalidate it. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Existentialism, responsibility is viewed as:

An inherent aspect of human existence (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do some critics view advances in science in relation to certain metaphysical concepts?

As making metaphysical concepts obsolete or irrelevant. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Sartre's concept of 'bad faith' involves:

Evasion of responsibility (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does ethics primarily deal with according to the text?

The study of moral principles and values. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Authentic existence, according to existentialists, requires individuals to:

Embrace responsibility fully (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is ethics defined in the context of philosophy?

The study of moral ideals and goals. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In Existentialism, individuals must navigate a world that is:

Devoid of inherent meaning or guidance (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the difference between knowledge and belief?

Knowledge is objective and not influenced by personal biases, while belief is subjective and varies among individuals. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates knowledge from belief in terms of certainty?

Knowledge is certain and confidently believed to be true, while belief can be more tentative and uncertain. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of modification differ between knowledge and belief?

Knowledge is more resistant to change, while belief can be revised based on new evidence or reasoning. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the objectivity of knowledge compared to belief?

Knowledge is not influenced by personal biases or opinions, while belief is subjective and varies among people. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes truth between knowledge and belief?

Knowledge cannot be true or false, while belief can accurately reflect reality. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes knowledge's openness to modification?

Knowledge is open to revision in the light of new evidence or reasoning. (D) Signup and view all the answers