15 Questions
Which hormone has a localized effect on the mammary gland?
Prolactin
What is the primary function of the Anti-diuretic Hormone?
Regulation of water reabsorption
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating the production and secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
Which hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland has a generalized effect on the body?
Growth Hormone
What is the name of the tract that connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland?
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Tract
Where are the posterior pituitary hormones initially synthesized?
In the cell bodies of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
What is the mechanism of hormone release from the posterior pituitary?
Exocytosis
What are the proteins that combine with posterior pituitary hormones during transportation?
Neurophysins
What stimulates the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary?
Stimulation of the hypothalamic nuclei
Where do the released hormones from the posterior pituitary enter the general circulation?
Into the adjacent capillaries
What type of hormones does the posterior lobe of the pituitary secrete?
Peptide hormones
Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys
Which lobe of the pituitary gland is responsible for secreting antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin?
Posterior lobe
What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?
The hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate the posterior pituitary.
Study Notes
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
- Posterior lobe of the pituitary secretes two peptide hormones: antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin.
Hormone Synthesis and Release
- Hormones of the posterior pituitary are initially synthesized in the cell bodies of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
- Hormones are transported in combination with "carrier" proteins called neurophysins down to the nerve ending in the posterior pituitary.
- Stimulation of the hypothalamic nuclei initiates action potentials in their neurons, transmitted downward along the fibers from the supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei.
- Reaching the nerve ending, causes release of hormone by the usual secretory mechanism of exocytosis.
- Released hormone is absorbed into adjacent capillaries and reaches the general circulation.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Also known as antidiuretic hormone.
- Released from the posterior pituitary.
Learn about the peptide hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, including ADH and oxytocin.
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