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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the splenius capitis muscle?
What is the primary action of the splenius capitis muscle?
What is the nerve supply for the muscles located in the posterior neck?
What is the nerve supply for the muscles located in the posterior neck?
Where does the splenius cervicis muscle insert?
Where does the splenius cervicis muscle insert?
What is the origin of the splenius capitis muscle?
What is the origin of the splenius capitis muscle?
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Which muscle group is involved with movement at the atlanto-occipital joint?
Which muscle group is involved with movement at the atlanto-occipital joint?
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What is the primary action of the Rectus capitis posterior major muscle?
What is the primary action of the Rectus capitis posterior major muscle?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for the retraction and elevation of the tongue?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for the retraction and elevation of the tongue?
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Which nerve innervates the majority of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Which nerve innervates the majority of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
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Which muscle acts to constrict the pharynx during swallowing?
Which muscle acts to constrict the pharynx during swallowing?
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What is one of the functions of the Masseter muscle?
What is one of the functions of the Masseter muscle?
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Which extrinsic eye muscle is innervated by the Abducens Nerve?
Which extrinsic eye muscle is innervated by the Abducens Nerve?
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Which muscle has the action of elevating the eyelid?
Which muscle has the action of elevating the eyelid?
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Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in mastication?
Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in mastication?
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Which muscle is involved in protraction of the tongue?
Which muscle is involved in protraction of the tongue?
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Which nerve is associated with Bell's Palsy and affects facial muscles?
Which nerve is associated with Bell's Palsy and affects facial muscles?
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Which muscle's action includes elevation and drawing the mandible medially?
Which muscle's action includes elevation and drawing the mandible medially?
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What is the action of the Oblique capitis inferior muscle?
What is the action of the Oblique capitis inferior muscle?
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Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is multiaxial?
Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is multiaxial?
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The Buccinator muscle primarily functions to:
The Buccinator muscle primarily functions to:
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Study Notes
Posterior Neck
-
Splenius Capitis Muscle
- Origin: Ligamentum nuchum, Spinous process of C7–T3
- Insertion: Mastoid process, Superior nuchal line
- Action: Extends and hyperextends neck
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves (C1 - C4)
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Splenius Cervicis Muscle
- Origin: Spinous process of T3–T6
- Insertion: Transverse process of C1–C3
- Action: Extends and hyperextends neck
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves (C5 - C7)
Suboccipital Triangle Muscles
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Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle
- Origin: Posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)
- Insertion: Occipital bone
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Oblique Capitis Superior Muscle
- Origin: Transverse process of atlas (C1)
- Insertion: Occipital bone
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Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle
- Origin: Bifid spine of axis (C2)
- Insertion: Occipital bone
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Oblique Capitis Inferior Muscle
- Origin: Bifid spine of axis (C2)
- Insertion: Transverse process of atlas (C1)
- Suboccipital Triangle Muscles all work together to extend and rotate the head/neck.
Muscles of the Tongue
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Extrinsic Muscles
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Styloglossus Muscle:
- Origin: Styloid process
- Action: Retracts and elevates tongue
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Genioglossus Muscle:
- Action: Protracts the tongue
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Hyoglossus Muscle:
- Action: Depresses the tongue
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Stylohyoid Muscle:
- Action: Retracts the hyoid bone and elevates the tongue
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Stylopharyngeus Muscle:
- Action: Raises the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.
- Innervation: Glossopharyngeal nerve
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Styloglossus Muscle:
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Intrinsic Muscles
- These muscles are internal to the tongue and are responsible for changing the tongue's shape for speech and swallowing.
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
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Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
- Origin: Styloid process
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Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
- Origin: Mandible and pterygoid plate
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Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
- Origin: Laryngeal cartilage
- Action: Constricts the pharynx during swallowing.
Mastication
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Temporalis Muscle
- Origin: Temporal bone
- Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
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Masseter Muscle
- Origin: Zygomatic arch
- Insertion: Angle of mandible
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Medial Pterygoid Muscle
- Origin: Medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
- Insertion: Medial surface of the angle of the mandible
- Action: Elevates and draws the mandible medially.
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Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
- Origin: Lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
- Insertion: Neck of the mandible
- Actions: Depresses and protracts the mandible for opening the jaw.
Facial Muscles
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Occipitofrontalis Muscle
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Frontal Belly:
- Action: Raises eyebrows
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Occipital Belly:
- Action: Retracts scalp
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Frontal Belly:
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Corrugator Supercilii Muscle:
- Action: Draws the eyebrows medially and inferiorly (frowning).
-
Procerus Muscle:
- Action: Draws the medial eyebrows downward and wrinkles the skin over the bridge of the nose.
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Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
- Action: Closes the eyelid
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Nasalis Muscle
- Action: Compresses the nose, flaring the ala (the fleshy part of the nose) and constricting the nostrils.
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Levator Labii Superioris Muscle
- Action: Elevates the upper lip
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Zygomaticus Major Muscle
- Action: Elevates the angle of the mouth and pulls it laterally in a smile.
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Zygomaticus Minor Muscle:
- Action: Elevates the upper lip.
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Levator Labii Alaeque Nasi Muscle:
- Action: Elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostril.
Facial Muscles (cont.)
-
Orbicularis Oris Muscle
- Action: Closes the mouth, purses the lips
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Risorius Muscle
- Action: Draws the corners of the mouth laterally.
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Buccinator Muscle
- Action: Compresses the cheek, drawing the corners of the mouth laterally.
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Depressor Anguli Oris Muscle
- Action: Depresses the corner of the mouth.
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Mentalis Muscle
- Action: Elevates and protrudes the lower lip, as in pouting.
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Depressor Labii Inferioris Muscle
- Action: Depresses the lower lip.
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Platysma Muscle
- Action: Depresses the mandible and draws the angle of the mouth inferiorly.
Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye
-
Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle
- Action: Elevates the upper eyelid.
-
Superior Rectus Muscle
- Action: Elevates the eyeball.
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
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Lateral Rectus Muscle
- Action: Abducts (moves laterally) the eye. . Innervation: Abducens nerve
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Inferior Oblique Muscle
- Action: Raises the eye and turns it laterally.
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
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Inferior Rectus Muscle
- Action: Depresses the eyeball.
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
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Medial Rectus Muscle
- Action: Adducts (moves medially) the eyeball.
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
-
Superior Oblique Muscle
- Action: Depresses and turns the eye medially.
- Innervation: Trochlear nerve
Bell's Palsy
- Paralysis of facial muscles
- Affects one side of the face
- Caused by damage to the facial nerve.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the posterior neck muscles, including the splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, and the suboccipital triangle muscles. This quiz will cover origins, insertions, actions, and innervations of these important muscles. Perfect for students of anatomy or healthcare professionals.
