Posterior Neck Muscles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of the splenius capitis muscle?

Extension and hyperextension of the neck (correct)

Lateral flexion of the neck

Flexion of the neck

Rotation of the head

What is the nerve supply for the muscles located in the posterior neck?

Thoracic spinal nerves

Cranial nerves

Cervical spinal nerves (correct)

Lumbar spinal nerves

Where does the splenius cervicis muscle insert?

Ligamentum nuchum

Mastoid process and superior nuchal line

Spinous process of C7–T3

Transverse processes of C1–C3 (correct)

What is the origin of the splenius capitis muscle?

Spinous processes of C7–T3 and ligamentum nuchum Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is involved with movement at the atlanto-occipital joint?

Suboccipital muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Rectus capitis posterior major muscle?

Extension and rotation of head/neck Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the retraction and elevation of the tongue?

Styloglossus M Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the majority of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Hypoglossal Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts to constrict the pharynx during swallowing?

Superior pharyngeal constrictor M Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the Masseter muscle?

Close the jaw by elevating the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which extrinsic eye muscle is innervated by the Abducens Nerve?

Lateral Rectus M Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle has the action of elevating the eyelid?

Levator palpebrae superioris M Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in mastication?

Temporalis M Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is involved in protraction of the tongue?

Genioglossus M Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is associated with Bell's Palsy and affects facial muscles?

Facial Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's action includes elevation and drawing the mandible medially?

Medial pterygoid M Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Oblique capitis inferior muscle?

Rotation of the head Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is multiaxial?

Superior Oblique M Signup and view all the answers

The Buccinator muscle primarily functions to:

Compress the cheek Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Posterior Neck

Splenius Capitis Muscle
- Origin: Ligamentum nuchum, Spinous process of C7–T3
- Insertion: Mastoid process, Superior nuchal line
- Action: Extends and hyperextends neck
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves (C1 - C4)
Splenius Cervicis Muscle
- Origin: Spinous process of T3–T6
- Insertion: Transverse process of C1–C3
- Action: Extends and hyperextends neck
- Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves (C5 - C7)

Suboccipital Triangle Muscles

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle
- Origin: Posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)
- Insertion: Occipital bone
Oblique Capitis Superior Muscle
- Origin: Transverse process of atlas (C1)
- Insertion: Occipital bone
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle
- Origin: Bifid spine of axis (C2)
- Insertion: Occipital bone
Oblique Capitis Inferior Muscle
- Origin: Bifid spine of axis (C2)
- Insertion: Transverse process of atlas (C1)
Suboccipital Triangle Muscles all work together to extend and rotate the head/neck.

Muscles of the Tongue

Extrinsic Muscles
- Styloglossus Muscle:
  - Origin: Styloid process
  - Action: Retracts and elevates tongue
- Genioglossus Muscle:
  - Action: Protracts the tongue
- Hyoglossus Muscle:
  - Action: Depresses the tongue
- Stylohyoid Muscle:
  - Action: Retracts the hyoid bone and elevates the tongue
- Stylopharyngeus Muscle:
  - Action: Raises the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.
  - Innervation: Glossopharyngeal nerve
Intrinsic Muscles
- These muscles are internal to the tongue and are responsible for changing the tongue's shape for speech and swallowing.

Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
- Origin: Styloid process
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
- Origin: Mandible and pterygoid plate
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
- Origin: Laryngeal cartilage
Action: Constricts the pharynx during swallowing.

Mastication

Temporalis Muscle
- Origin: Temporal bone
- Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
Masseter Muscle
- Origin: Zygomatic arch
- Insertion: Angle of mandible
Medial Pterygoid Muscle
- Origin: Medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
- Insertion: Medial surface of the angle of the mandible
- Action: Elevates and draws the mandible medially.
- Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
  - Origin: Lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
  - Insertion: Neck of the mandible
  - Actions: Depresses and protracts the mandible for opening the jaw.

Facial Muscles

Occipitofrontalis Muscle
- Frontal Belly:
  - Action: Raises eyebrows
- Occipital Belly:
  - Action: Retracts scalp
Corrugator Supercilii Muscle:
- Action: Draws the eyebrows medially and inferiorly (frowning).
Procerus Muscle:
- Action: Draws the medial eyebrows downward and wrinkles the skin over the bridge of the nose.
Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
- Action: Closes the eyelid
Nasalis Muscle
- Action: Compresses the nose, flaring the ala (the fleshy part of the nose) and constricting the nostrils.
Levator Labii Superioris Muscle
- Action: Elevates the upper lip
Zygomaticus Major Muscle
- Action: Elevates the angle of the mouth and pulls it laterally in a smile.
Zygomaticus Minor Muscle:
- Action: Elevates the upper lip.
Levator Labii Alaeque Nasi Muscle:
- Action: Elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostril.

Facial Muscles (cont.)

Orbicularis Oris Muscle
- Action: Closes the mouth, purses the lips
Risorius Muscle
- Action: Draws the corners of the mouth laterally.
Buccinator Muscle
- Action: Compresses the cheek, drawing the corners of the mouth laterally.
Depressor Anguli Oris Muscle
- Action: Depresses the corner of the mouth.
Mentalis Muscle
- Action: Elevates and protrudes the lower lip, as in pouting.
Depressor Labii Inferioris Muscle
- Action: Depresses the lower lip.
Platysma Muscle
- Action: Depresses the mandible and draws the angle of the mouth inferiorly.

Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye

Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle
- Action: Elevates the upper eyelid.
Superior Rectus Muscle
- Action: Elevates the eyeball.
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
Lateral Rectus Muscle
- Action: Abducts (moves laterally) the eye. . Innervation: Abducens nerve
Inferior Oblique Muscle
- Action: Raises the eye and turns it laterally.
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
Inferior Rectus Muscle
- Action: Depresses the eyeball.
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
Medial Rectus Muscle
- Action: Adducts (moves medially) the eyeball.
- Innervation: Oculomotor nerve
Superior Oblique Muscle
- Action: Depresses and turns the eye medially.
- Innervation: Trochlear nerve

Bell's Palsy

Paralysis of facial muscles
Affects one side of the face
Caused by damage to the facial nerve.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the posterior neck muscles, including the splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, and the suboccipital triangle muscles. This quiz will cover origins, insertions, actions, and innervations of these important muscles. Perfect for students of anatomy or healthcare professionals.