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Questions and Answers
What year marks the beginning of the post-war period in the Philippines?
What year marks the beginning of the post-war period in the Philippines?
The Philippine national anthem was last revised in 1962.
The Philippine national anthem was last revised in 1962.
True
Who composed the Philippine national anthem?
Who composed the Philippine national anthem?
Julian Felipe
The national anthem's lyrics were adopted from a Spanish poem titled __________.
The national anthem's lyrics were adopted from a Spanish poem titled __________.
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Match the following composers with their works:
Match the following composers with their works:
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According to the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, how should the public behave while the national anthem is played?
According to the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, how should the public behave while the national anthem is played?
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The Philippine national anthem's lyrics were translated into English in the 1950s.
The Philippine national anthem's lyrics were translated into English in the 1950s.
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What themes did Antonino Buenaventura use in his compositions?
What themes did Antonino Buenaventura use in his compositions?
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What is the primary function of the kundiman in Filipino culture?
What is the primary function of the kundiman in Filipino culture?
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Bayan Ko has renditions by several composers and singers including Freddie Aguilar.
Bayan Ko has renditions by several composers and singers including Freddie Aguilar.
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Who is considered the father of Kundiman art song?
Who is considered the father of Kundiman art song?
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The kundiman is a song of devotion to a _____ and noble cause.
The kundiman is a song of devotion to a _____ and noble cause.
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Match the following composers with their contributions to Kundiman music:
Match the following composers with their contributions to Kundiman music:
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What characteristic does the piano accompaniment in kundiman generally follow?
What characteristic does the piano accompaniment in kundiman generally follow?
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The kundiman is a fast-paced song typically played in duple meter.
The kundiman is a fast-paced song typically played in duple meter.
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What was significant about the Filipino struggle against colonization in 1898?
What was significant about the Filipino struggle against colonization in 1898?
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When was the world premiere performance of Mindanao Sketches?
When was the world premiere performance of Mindanao Sketches?
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Bayan Ko was originally written in English before being translated into Tagalog.
Bayan Ko was originally written in English before being translated into Tagalog.
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Who is known as the 'Father of Nationalism in Music'?
Who is known as the 'Father of Nationalism in Music'?
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The Mindanao Sketches incorporates the dances and songs of the ______ tribe.
The Mindanao Sketches incorporates the dances and songs of the ______ tribe.
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Match the following composers and their contributions:
Match the following composers and their contributions:
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What does the kundiman represent in Filipino culture?
What does the kundiman represent in Filipino culture?
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The song Bayan Ko was not used during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.
The song Bayan Ko was not used during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.
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Name one of the two movements in Mindanao Sketches.
Name one of the two movements in Mindanao Sketches.
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Study Notes
Post-War Philippines
- Refers to the period after World War II, beginning in 1945
- The country recovered from wartime devastation
- Gained independence from the U.S. in 1946
Kundiman Art Song
- Expresses a lofty sentiment of love and heroism
- Has a melancholy mood
Lupang Hinirang (National Anthem)
- Also known as Marcha Nacional Filipina
- Composed by Felipe in 1899
- Lyrics adopted from the Spanish poem "Filipinas", written by José Palma in 1899
- Last revision made in 1962
Lupang Hinirang (Performance Guidelines)
- Sung with utmost respect and allegiance to the nation
- Performance governed by Republic Act 8491 (Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines)
- Section 37: Specific rendition instructions follow Julian Felipe's musical arrangement.
- Section 38: The public should sing the anthem when played, standing at attention and facing the Philippine flag.
Development of the Philippine National Anthem
- Took several years
- Began in 1898 with Julian Felipe's Marcha Nacional Filipina (also known as Himno Nacional Filipino)
- Jose Palma's poem "Filipinas" used as lyrics in 1899
- Translated into English by the 1920s, and into Filipino in 1956
- Revisions made in 1962 resulted in the anthem's current form
Nationalistic Compositions (1930s-1940s)
- Antonino Buenaventura used nationalist themes like Pandanggo sa Ilaw and Mindanao Sketches
- Other composers like Juan Hernandez and Lucio San Pedro used indigenous themes, including the Malakas at Maganda Overture
Mindanao Sketches
- First performed in Manila on May 15, 1948, at the UST Gymnasium.
- A world premiere performance was in Honolulu, Hawaii on August 19, 1948.
- Performed in the USA, Europe, and Soviet Russia.
- Recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra under conductor Redentor Romero
- Based on the rhythms of Manobo tribe dances and songs from Bukidnon
Village Festival Dance
- Uses native gongs, hand clapping, and human voices for percussion instruments
- Depicts an "Offering to the Gods"
Francisco Santiago (Father of Kundiman Art Song)
- Known as the father of nationalism in music
- Elevated the kundiman from a folk song to an art song
- First kundiman known as "Anak Dalita"
Nicanor Abelardo
- Piano accompaniment follows the melody's contour.
- Sets music to the text, matching declamations for text painting effect.
Bayan Ko
- Music by Constancio de Guzmán; Lyrics by José Corazón de Jesús.
- Was originally used in the zarzuela Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes
- Expressed opposition to the American Occupation
- Became popular in the 1920s (Tagalog version) and attributed to José Corazón de Jesús
- Popular during the American colonization and even the post-war period
Bayan Ko (Nationalist Sentiment)
- About the Philippines' struggle for independence during the American regime
- Performed during the Japanese Occupation and after the war
- Included in protest marches against the Marcos government in the early 1980s
Kundiman (Additional Background)
- Poems became translatable to declarations of love for the mother country
- Served as a secret battle cry for anti-colonial sentiment
- Allowed colonizers to think Filipinos only sang about love
- Lyrics may contain guerilla battle codes and instructions
Indonesia Raya
- First recorded in 1928 by Wage Rudolf Supratman, then recorded again in 1950 by Jos Cleber (Dutch composer), performed by the Resident Symphony orchestra of Indonesian Radio.
- Became the Indonesian official recording used by RRI (Indonesian Radio) for over 50 years
- Adopted as Indonesia's national anthem after the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on August 17, 1945
Indonesia Raya (Musical Description)
- Describes nationalistic optimism
- Soekarno, the founding president, was involved in the musical arrangement of the song.
- The pre-chorus/bridge softens before the climax.
- The composition is memorable for its directness
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Description
Explore the significant developments in the Philippines after World War II, covering the country’s recovery and independence. Delve into the rich history of the Kundiman art song and the national anthem, 'Lupang Hinirang', including its origins, guidelines for performance, and its evolution over the years.
