Population Genetics Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the 'effective population size' formula based on the text?

  • Ne = (Nf + Nm) / 4 x Nf x Nm
  • Ne = Nf x Nm / 4(Nf + Nm)
  • Ne = Nf x Nm / 4Nf + Nm
  • Ne = 4 x Nf x Nm / (Nf + Nm) (correct)

    • In a population of 100 females and 2 males, what percentage of genes does each male contribute to the population?

  • 5%
  • 10%
  • 25% (correct)
  • 15%

    • What does 'Ne' represent in the context of genetics as discussed in the text?

  • Effective number of breeding males
  • Effective number of breeding females
  • Effective population size (correct)
  • Total number of individuals in a population

    • If only 10 males are involved in mating out of 100 males in a deer population, what is the effective population size (Ne) according to the text?

    <p>36.36</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a small 'Ne' affect a population according to the text?

    <p>It leads to an increase in genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the magnitude of genetic drift according to the text?

    <h1>Breeding males</h1> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>Mating is random and there is no selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the given data, what is the value of the chi-square test statistic?

    <p>33.95</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could cause genotype frequencies to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of prion diseases, what is the primary difference between normal and abnormal prions?

    <p>The secondary and tertiary structures differ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic microscopic feature of spongy brain diseases?

    <p>Brain tissue appears to have a sponge-like degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which abnormal prions cause damage in prion diseases?

    <p>They cause the death of brain and spinal cord tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At equilibrium, what is the relationship between the forward and reverse mutation rates?

    <p>The forward mutation rate (u) equals the reverse mutation rate (v)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the forward mutation rate (u) is 1 x 10^-5 and the reverse mutation rate (v) is 5 x 10^-6, what is the equilibrium frequency of the allele 'A'?

    <p>0.66666</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes affect evolutionary rates at a much faster pace than mutation-selection equilibrium?

    <p>Genetic drift, migration, and natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why mutation-selection equilibrium is rarely observed in natural populations?

    <p>Other evolutionary processes, such as genetic drift and natural selection, have a stronger effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the population size (N) is large enough, what is the effect of genetic drift on allele frequencies?

    <p>Genetic drift has no effect on allele frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is not mentioned in the text as affecting evolutionary rates?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the allele frequency $q$?

    <p>$q = 1 - 0.6 = 0.4$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected genotype frequency for the homozygous recessive genotype $aa$?

    <p>$q^2 * 100 = 0.4^2 * 100 = 16$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected genotype frequency for the heterozygous genotype $Aa$?

    <p>$2 * p * q * 100 = 2 * 0.6 * 0.4 * 100 = 48$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chi-square statistic ($ eq^2$) calculated for this population?

    <p>$ eq^2 = 5.4 + 16.3 + 12.25 = 33.95$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the degree of freedom (d.f.) for the chi-square test in this case?

    <p>d.f. = 2, since there are 3 genotypes and the frequencies must sum to 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic question in population genetics according to the text?

    <p>What is the primary mechanism by which abnormal prions cause damage in prion diseases?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the magnitude of genetic drift in a population?

    <p>Population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what can be said about the relationship between the forward mutation rate (u) and the reverse mutation rate (v)?

    <p>u and v must be equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle according to the text?

    <p>The text does not mention the primary assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT mentioned in the text as affecting evolutionary rates at a much faster pace than mutation-selection equilibrium?

    <p>Chromosomal rearrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a small 'effective population size' (Ne) affect a population?

    <p>It increases the rate of genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

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