29 Questions
What is the 'effective population size' formula based on the text?
Ne = 4 x Nf x Nm / (Nf + Nm)
In a population of 100 females and 2 males, what percentage of genes does each male contribute to the population?
25%
What does 'Ne' represent in the context of genetics as discussed in the text?
Effective population size
If only 10 males are involved in mating out of 100 males in a deer population, what is the effective population size (Ne) according to the text?
36.36
How does a small 'Ne' affect a population according to the text?
It leads to an increase in genetic drift
What is the main factor that determines the magnitude of genetic drift according to the text?
Breeding males
What is the primary assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
Mating is random and there is no selection
Based on the given data, what is the value of the chi-square test statistic?
33.95
What could cause genotype frequencies to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
All of the above
In the context of prion diseases, what is the primary difference between normal and abnormal prions?
The secondary and tertiary structures differ
What is the characteristic microscopic feature of spongy brain diseases?
Brain tissue appears to have a sponge-like degeneration
What is the primary mechanism by which abnormal prions cause damage in prion diseases?
They cause the death of brain and spinal cord tissue
At equilibrium, what is the relationship between the forward and reverse mutation rates?
The forward mutation rate (u) equals the reverse mutation rate (v)
If the forward mutation rate (u) is 1 x 10^-5 and the reverse mutation rate (v) is 5 x 10^-6, what is the equilibrium frequency of the allele 'A'?
0.66666
Which of the following processes affect evolutionary rates at a much faster pace than mutation-selection equilibrium?
Genetic drift, migration, and natural selection
What is the primary reason why mutation-selection equilibrium is rarely observed in natural populations?
Other evolutionary processes, such as genetic drift and natural selection, have a stronger effect
If the population size (N) is large enough, what is the effect of genetic drift on allele frequencies?
Genetic drift has no effect on allele frequencies
Which of the following processes is not mentioned in the text as affecting evolutionary rates?
Gene flow
What is the value of the allele frequency $q$?
$q = 1 - 0.6 = 0.4$
What is the expected genotype frequency for the homozygous recessive genotype $aa$?
$q^2 * 100 = 0.4^2 * 100 = 16$
What is the expected genotype frequency for the heterozygous genotype $Aa$?
$2 * p * q * 100 = 2 * 0.6 * 0.4 * 100 = 48$
What is the chi-square statistic ($ eq^2$) calculated for this population?
$ eq^2 = 5.4 + 16.3 + 12.25 = 33.95$
What is the degree of freedom (d.f.) for the chi-square test in this case?
d.f. = 2, since there are 3 genotypes and the frequencies must sum to 1
Which of the following is NOT a basic question in population genetics according to the text?
What is the primary mechanism by which abnormal prions cause damage in prion diseases?
What is the primary factor that determines the magnitude of genetic drift in a population?
Population size
If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what can be said about the relationship between the forward mutation rate (u) and the reverse mutation rate (v)?
u and v must be equal
What is the primary assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle according to the text?
The text does not mention the primary assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle
Which of the following processes is NOT mentioned in the text as affecting evolutionary rates at a much faster pace than mutation-selection equilibrium?
Chromosomal rearrangements
How does a small 'effective population size' (Ne) affect a population?
It increases the rate of genetic drift
Explore the fundamentals of population genetics, which involves studying genetic changes in populations over time. Learn about concepts like gene pools, genetic variation within and among populations, and reasons for genetic variation.
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