Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which condition, if violated, would prevent a population from being in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Which condition, if violated, would prevent a population from being in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- The population size remains consistently large.
- There is an absence of mutations in the population.
- Random mating occurs within the population.
- The population is experiencing gene flow. (correct)
In a population of butterflies, a new allele arises that provides increased camouflage from predators. What is the MOST likely long-term effect on the population's gene pool?
In a population of butterflies, a new allele arises that provides increased camouflage from predators. What is the MOST likely long-term effect on the population's gene pool?
- The frequency of the new allele will increase due to natural selection. (correct)
- The new allele will be equally distributed regardless of the effects.
- The equilibrium will not be affected as allele frequencies remain same.
- The frequency of the new allele will decrease due to genetic drift.
A small group of birds migrates to a new island, establishing a new population. The allele frequencies in this new population are different from the source population. Which mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this change?
A small group of birds migrates to a new island, establishing a new population. The allele frequencies in this new population are different from the source population. Which mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this change?
- Natural selection favoring different traits in the new environment.
- Genetic drift due to the founder effect. (correct)
- Non-random mating preferences of the founding birds.
- Mutation rates being significantly higher in the new environment.
A researcher observes that in a plant population, individuals with a specific genotype are more likely to survive a drought. How would this MOST likely affect the allele frequencies in the population over multiple generations?
A researcher observes that in a plant population, individuals with a specific genotype are more likely to survive a drought. How would this MOST likely affect the allele frequencies in the population over multiple generations?
In a population of fish, a harmful mutation arises in a single individual. What BEST determines whether this mutation will significantly alter the gene pool of the population?
In a population of fish, a harmful mutation arises in a single individual. What BEST determines whether this mutation will significantly alter the gene pool of the population?
Two geographically separated populations of the same species of bird show significant differences in their mating rituals. Which outcome is LEAST likely to occur if the barrier separating these populations is removed?
Two geographically separated populations of the same species of bird show significant differences in their mating rituals. Which outcome is LEAST likely to occur if the barrier separating these populations is removed?
A population of plants experiences a bottleneck event where a large portion of the population is killed by a sudden frost. Which outcome is MOST likely to occur due to this event?
A population of plants experiences a bottleneck event where a large portion of the population is killed by a sudden frost. Which outcome is MOST likely to occur due to this event?
A species of beetle exhibits a wide range of coloration, from light brown to dark black. Birds preferentially prey on the light brown beetles because they are easier to spot against the dark forest floor. Over time, how will this MOST likely affect the beetle population?
A species of beetle exhibits a wide range of coloration, from light brown to dark black. Birds preferentially prey on the light brown beetles because they are easier to spot against the dark forest floor. Over time, how will this MOST likely affect the beetle population?
Flashcards
Gene Pool
Gene Pool
All the alleles present in a population.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Allele and genotype frequencies remain constant without disturbances.
Random Mating
Random Mating
Mating that occurs without preference.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
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Genetic Drift
Genetic Drift
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Gene Flow
Gene Flow
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Mutations
Mutations
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Non-random Mating
Non-random Mating
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Study Notes
Population Variation Mechanisms
- A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time, capable of interbreeding.
- Variations within a population are described by the alleles present in its gene pool.
- Variation exists depending on the population's gene pool.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- The Hardy-Weinberg Principle states allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations under specific conditions.
- These conditions include random mating, no natural selection, no genetic drift, no gene flow, and no mutations.
- If these factors are absent, the population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Disrupting Equilibrium: Mate Selection
- Mate selection can influence which individuals reproduce.
- "Choosy" organisms or those that preferentially mate with nearby neighbours, including relatives (inbreeding), alter genotype frequencies but not allele frequencies
Disrupting Equilibrium: Natural Selection
- Natural selection favours the survival and reproduction of individuals best-suited to their environment.
- This favours specific traits, leading to changes in allele and genotype frequencies over generations.
Disrupting Equilibrium: Genetic Drift
- Random fluctuations in allele frequencies can occur in populations, especially small ones.
- These changes, known as genetic drift, affect allele frequencies, similar to the impact of a smaller population getting smaller or increasing in size.
Disrupting Equilibrium: Gene Flow
- Immigration and emigration alter allele frequencies in a population.
- New alleles can enter or exit the gene pool due to migration.
Disrupting Equilibrium: Mutations
- Mutations introduce new alleles into the gene pool, alter the frequencies of existing alleles, and significantly change how traits are inherited.
- New alleles are created from existing ones through gene replacement, deletion, or duplication.
Significance of Equilibrium
- Variations in traits can cause new species development after many generations of disrupting the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
- A population is the fundamental unit for evolution.
Conclusion/Summary
- A population's characteristics change when there's genetic variation (at least two allele types).
- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium models how allele and genotype frequencies don't change with conditions like random mating, absent natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutations.
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Description
Explore population genetics, emphasizing the factors disrupting Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Covers mate selection and its impact on allele and genotype frequencies. These concepts are crucial for understanding evolutionary processes.
