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Questions and Answers
What does Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium signify about allele frequencies in a population?
What does Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium signify about allele frequencies in a population?
It indicates that allele frequencies remain constant over generations, implying no evolution is occurring.
List two of the five necessary conditions for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
List two of the five necessary conditions for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Random mating and no gene flow.
How can the Hardy-Weinberg equation $P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$ be interpreted in terms of genotype frequencies?
How can the Hardy-Weinberg equation $P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$ be interpreted in terms of genotype frequencies?
It represents the expected proportions of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes in a population.
Explain why a very large population is essential for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
Explain why a very large population is essential for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
What implications does the requirement for no natural selection have on niche populations in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
What implications does the requirement for no natural selection have on niche populations in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Flashcards
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
A state where allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations. This means the population is not evolving.
Evolution
Evolution
Changes in the frequency of alleles within a population over time.
Allele Frequency
Allele Frequency
The proportion of a specific allele in a population. For example, the frequency of the 'A' allele might be 0.6 if 60% of the alleles in a population are 'A'.
Genotype Frequency
Genotype Frequency
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Random Mating
Random Mating
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Study Notes
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- A state of a population where allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations.
- Evolution is the change in allele frequencies.
- Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) populations are not evolving.
- HWE describes allele and genotype frequencies mathematically.
- The equation for calculating allele and genotype frequencies: p² + 2pq + q² = 1
- p = frequency of dominant allele (A)
- q = frequency of recessive allele (a)
- p² = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype (AA)
- 2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype (Aa)
- q² = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (aa)
Five Conditions for HWE
- No mutations: Genes should not be altered or deleted.
- Random mating: Organisms should mate randomly without preference to genotype.
- No gene flow: No individuals should enter or leave the population, and sperm/egg should not move between populations.
- Very large population size: Population size should be large enough that random events do not change allele/genotype frequencies.
- No natural selection: All genotypes should have equal survival and reproductive success.
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