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Questions and Answers
What type of growth describes the rate of population expansion under ideal, unregulated conditions?
What does ΔN represent in the equation ΔN = B - D?
What is the result when birth rates equal death rates in a population?
Why is exponential growth not sustainable over a long time under natural conditions?
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What is the main difference between exponential and logistic growth?
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What is the main reason why organisms store excess energy as starch, glycogen, or fat?
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How does natural selection act on life histories in relation to energy allocation?
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According to life history models, what is assumed about the size of offspring?
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Why did Chinook Salmon offspring bred in hatcheries face challenges in the wild?
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What was the conflict between Chinook Salmon parents and their offspring regarding offspring size?
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Study Notes
Conservation of Wild Salmon Stocks
- Hatchery populations with smaller egg sizes can negatively impact wild salmon stocks
- Conservation strategy involves supplemental breeding to mimic wild environment/factors in hatchery
Population Growth and Decline
- Population sizes can change dramatically over time due to various factors
- Understanding population growth and decline is crucial for conservation and resource management
Types of Population Growth
- Exponential growth: rapid expansion under ideal conditions, often seen in small or recovering populations
- Logistic growth: growth rate slows as population approaches carrying capacity
Exponential Growth
- Describes rate of population expansion under ideal, unregulated conditions
- Not sustainable over long time due to limited resources and increased competition
- Observed in small or recovering populations, new habitats being colonized
- Calculated using the equation: ∆N = B - D / ∆t
Energy Budgets and Life History Traits
- Organisms have limited energy budgets, allocated towards maintenance, growth, and reproduction
- Energy allocation affects life history traits, such as age/size at maturity, offspring number and size, and reproduction frequency
- Natural selection acts on life histories to optimize energy allocation and maximize lifetime reproduction
Size of Offspring and Life History Models
- Size at birth is important, ideally offspring are born close to adult size
- Life history models assume fixed offspring size, with optimal compromise between size and number
- Offspring wellness (Wo) and parental fitness (Wp) are affected by offspring size and number
Chinook Salmon and Hatchery Traits
- Chinook Salmon: breeds once, exhibits variation in egg size, and offspring return to natal river
- Hatchery traits: smaller egg size, fewer offspring, maladaptive in wild environment
- Optimal size for hatchery females is lower than those in the wild, leading to non-suitable phenotypes
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Description
Test your knowledge on how organisms are constrained by energy budgets in population ecology. Explore topics such as energy storage, allocation, and the impact of natural selection on life histories.
