Polyatomic Ions and Valence Numbers
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Polyatomic Ions and Valence Numbers

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Questions and Answers

What is the net electric charge of a polyatomic ion?

  • A combination of metal atoms
  • A group of atoms bonded together with a net electric charge (correct)
  • Always negative
  • Always positive
  • What is the valence number of an atom in its elemental form?

  • 0 (correct)
  • Varies depending on the atom
  • +1
  • -1
  • Which of the following polyatomic ions has a charge of -2?

  • Ammonium (NH4+}
  • Carbonate (CO32-) (correct)
  • Hydroxide (OH-)
  • None of the above
  • What is the valence number of nitrogen in ammonia (NH3)?

    <p>-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of the valence numbers of the individual atoms in a neutral compound?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the valence number of carbon in methane (CH4)?

    <p>+4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Polyatomic Ions

    • A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms bonded together that has a net electric charge.
    • They are also known as complex ions.
    • Polyatomic ions are typically formed from a combination of nonmetal atoms.

    Common Polyatomic Ions

    • Ammonium (NH4+)
    • Carbonate (CO32-)
    • Hydroxide (OH-)
    • Nitrate (NO3-)
    • Phosphate (PO43-)
    • Sulfate (SO42-)

    Valence Numbers (Oxidation States)

    • A valence number, also known as an oxidation state, is a number that represents the number of electrons an atom gains or loses to form a bond.
    • Valence numbers can be positive or negative.
    • The sum of the valence numbers in a neutral compound is zero.

    Rules for Assigning Valence Numbers

    1. Atoms in their elemental form: Valence number of zero.
    2. Monatomic ions: Equal to the charge of the ion (e.g., Na+ = +1, Cl- = -1).
    3. Polyatomic ions: The sum of the valence numbers of the individual atoms in the ion.
    4. Compounds: The sum of the valence numbers of the individual atoms in the compound is zero.

    Examples of Valence Numbers

    • Sodium (Na): +1
    • Chlorine (Cl): -1
    • Oxygen (O): -2
    • Nitrogen (N): -3 in ammonia (NH3), +5 in nitrate (NO3-)
    • Carbon (C): +4 in methane (CH4), -4 in methide (CH3-)

    Polyatomic Ions

    • A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms bonded together with a net electric charge, also known as a complex ion.
    • Polyatomic ions are typically formed from a combination of nonmetal atoms.

    Examples of Polyatomic Ions

    • Ammonium (NH4+)
    • Carbonate (CO32-)
    • Hydroxide (OH-)
    • Nitrate (NO3-)
    • Phosphate (PO43-)
    • Sulfate (SO42-)

    Valence Numbers (Oxidation States)

    • A valence number, also known as an oxidation state, represents the number of electrons an atom gains or loses to form a bond.
    • Valence numbers can be positive or negative.
    • In a neutral compound, the sum of the valence numbers is zero.

    Rules for Assigning Valence Numbers

    • Atoms in their elemental form have a valence number of zero.
    • Monatomic ions have a valence number equal to the charge of the ion.
    • Polyatomic ions have a valence number equal to the sum of the valence numbers of the individual atoms in the ion.
    • In a compound, the sum of the valence numbers of the individual atoms is zero.

    Examples of Valence Numbers

    • Sodium (Na): +1
    • Chlorine (Cl): -1
    • Oxygen (O): -2
    • Nitrogen (N): -3 in ammonia (NH3), +5 in nitrate (NO3-)
    • Carbon (C): +4 in methane (CH4), -4 in methide (CH3-)

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    Description

    Learn about polyatomic ions, also known as complex ions, and valence numbers or oxidation states in chemistry. Understand how polyatomic ions are formed and review common examples.

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