Polyatomic Ions Overview
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the charge of the sulfate ion?

  • +1
  • -3
  • -1
  • -2 (correct)

    • Which prefix indicates an ion with one more oxygen than the '-ate' form?

  • Hypo-
  • Per- (correct)
  • Bi-
  • None of the above

    • What is the formula for ammonium phosphate?

  • NH₄₃PO₄
  • NH₄PO₄
  • (NH₄)₃PO₄ (correct)
  • (NH₄)₂PO₄

    • How does the '-ite' suffix differ from the '-ate' suffix?

    <p>-ite has one fewer oxygen atom than -ate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion is involved in maintaining pH balance in blood?

    <p>Bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the phosphate ion?

    <p>-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for sodium bicarbonate?

    <p>NaHCO₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a polyatomic ion with a -1 charge?

    <p>Nitrate (NO₃⁻)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has one fewer oxygen than its '-ite' counterpart?

    <p>Hypochlorite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines polyatomic ions?

    <p>Ions with an overall charge made of two or more covalently bonded atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When writing formulas with polyatomic ions, what must the overall charge be?

    <p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the nitrate ion?

    <p>Consists of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms; it carries an overall negative charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the charge of polyatomic ions?

    <p>The charge is spread across multiple atoms in the ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a polyatomic ion?

    <p>Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is resonance in polyatomic ions?

    <p>The delocalization of electrons across multiple atoms, resulting in multiple valid structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ammonium ion achieve its positive charge?

    <p>By losing one electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polyatomic ion is composed of one sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms?

    <p>Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about covalent bonds in polyatomic ions is correct?

    <p>The atoms within a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do polyatomic ions differ from monatomic ions?

    <p>Polyatomic ions are made up of multiple atoms, while monatomic ions consist of a single atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the overall charge of a polyatomic ion when it gains an electron?

    <p>The charge becomes more negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Polyatomic Ions

    • Polyatomic ions are composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together with an overall charge.
    • Unlike monatomic ions with a single charged atom, polyatomic ions share charge across the entire atom group.

    Examples of Polyatomic Ions

    • Nitrate (NO₃⁻): One nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms with a negative charge.
    • Sulfate (SO₄²⁻): One sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms with a negative two charge.
    • Ammonium (NH₄⁺): One nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms with a positive charge.

    The Structure of Polyatomic Ions

    • Atoms in polyatomic ions are held together by covalent bonds.
    • The entire ion acts as a single unit with a charge due to electron loss or gain by the entire group of atoms.
    • Ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) example: Nitrogen covalently bonds with four hydrogen atoms, losing one electron to become positively charged.
    • Some polyatomic ions have resonance, which spreads out electrons across multiple atoms. This leads to multiple valid structures called resonance structures.
    • Sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻) example: Double bonds between sulfur and oxygen atoms shift among the oxygen atoms, delocalizing electrons and stabilizing the ion.

    Common Polyatomic Ions

    • Ammonium (NH₄⁺): +1 charge
    • Hydroxide (OH⁻): -1 charge
    • Nitrate (NO₃⁻): -1 charge
    • Sulfate (SO₄²⁻): -2 charge
    • Carbonate (CO₃²⁻): -2 charge
    • Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): -3 charge
    • Acetate (C₂H₃O₂⁻): -1 charge
    • Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻): -1 charge
    • Chlorate (ClO₃⁻): -1 charge
    • Permanganate (MnO₄⁻): -1 charge

    Naming Polyatomic Ions

    • Suffixes "-ate" and "-ite":
      • "-ate": More common form of the ion with a certain number of oxygen atoms. (Example: Nitrate (NO₃⁻))
      • "-ite": Ion with one fewer oxygen atom than the "-ate" form. (Example: Nitrite (NO₂⁻))
    • Prefixes "Per-" and "Hypo-":
      • "Per-": Ions with one more oxygen atom than the "-ate" form. (Example: Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻))
      • "Hypo-": Ions with one fewer oxygen atom than the "-ite" form. (Example: Hypochlorite (ClO⁻))
    • Hydrogen or Bi- Prefix:
      • When a hydrogen ion (H⁺) is added to a polyatomic ion, the ion's charge changes. The name reflects this addition. Example: Carbonate (CO₃²⁻) becomes Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) or Hydrogen Carbonate.

    Writing Formulas for Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions

    • Step 1: Identify the cation (positive ion) and the polyatomic anion (negative ion) in the compound.
    • Step 2: Determine the ratio of ions to achieve an overall neutral charge.
    • Step 3: Write the formula, putting the cation first, followed by the anion. Use parentheses for polyatomic ions with multiple units and a subscript to indicate the number of ions.

    Examples of Writing Formulas

    • Aluminum sulfate:
      • Cation: Al³⁺
      • Anion: SO₄²⁻
      • Formula: Al₂(SO₄)₃
    • Ammonium phosphate:
      • Cation: NH₄⁺
      • Anion: PO₄³⁻
      • Formula: (NH₄)₃PO₄
    • Sodium bicarbonate:
      • Cation: Na⁺
      • Anion: HCO₃⁻
      • Formula: NaHCO₃
    • Magnesium hydroxide:
      • Cation: Mg²⁺
      • Anion: OH⁻
      • Formula: Mg(OH)₂

    Importance of Polyatomic Ions in Biology

    • Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): Crucial component of DNA, RNA, and ATP, essential for genetic information storage, energy transfer, and metabolism.
    • Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻): Maintains pH balance in blood and bodily fluids by acting as a buffer.
    • Ammonium (NH₄⁺): Involved in the nitrogen cycle, essential for synthesizing amino acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules.
    • Sulfate (SO₄²⁻): Participates in liver detoxification and is a component of certain amino acids and proteins.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of polyatomic ions, which are composed of multiple atoms bonded together and carry an overall charge. This quiz covers examples like nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium, providing insights into their structures and characteristics. Learn how covalent bonding and resonance influence the behavior of these unique ions.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser