Grade 12 Chemistry: Polyatomic Ions and Nomenclature

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct formula for Copper (II) Bromite?

CuBr2

CuBr(OH)

Cu(BrO)2 (correct)

Cu(BrO2)2

Which prefix indicates a molecule containing six water molecules when naming a hydrate?

Penta-

Hexa- (correct)

Tetra-

Octa-

Which of the following compounds represents a binary covalent compound?

NaOH

CaCO3

MgCl2

SO2 (correct)

In the naming of the compound N2O4, which prefix is used for the first element?

Di- Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the compound H2SO3?

Sulfurous acid Signup and view all the answers

Which polyatomic ion is associated with the formula ClO3?

Chlorate Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix used in the name of a chemical compound containing four atoms of the second element?

Tetra- Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correctly named ionic compound containing a multivalent metal?

Iron (III) chloride Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is correctly represented as having 5 water molecules and includes the correct prefix in its name?

Copper (I) sulfate pentahydrate Signup and view all the answers

Which of these represents the highest bonding capacity for a non-metal atom?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for water?

H2O Signup and view all the answers

Which element typically comes first in the formula of an ionic compound?

The less electronegative element Signup and view all the answers

What does the valence number indicate about an element?

Its bonding capacity Signup and view all the answers

In a covalent compound, what does the formula represent?

The number of atoms in each molecule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the bonding capacity of an element?

It is assigned to each element to describe its capacity to combine with other atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What information can be derived from the formula MgO?

It indicates a ratio of one magnesium atom to one oxygen atom. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the periodic table play in determining valence numbers?

It predicts valence numbers based on element position. Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of polyatomic ions?

They are charged overall, despite individual atoms being neutral. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulas corresponds to a compound containing a polyatomic ion?

Na2SO4 Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of transition metals affects their valence numbers?

Their electron configuration is much more complex. Signup and view all the answers

How should a name for an ionic compound with a multivalent metal be structured?

The first element name followed by a Roman numeral in brackets indicating its charge. Signup and view all the answers

In writing the formula for Calcium Fluoride, what is the correct approach to finding the final formula?

Cross down the valence numbers and then factor them. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'ous' and 'ic' naming system refer to?

Nomenclature for metal compounds with varied valence. Signup and view all the answers

How is a binary acid named according to the guidelines provided?

By writing 'hydro' before the element and changing the ending to 'ic acid'. Signup and view all the answers

Which ionic compound is represented correctly with its Roman numeral for a multivalent metal?

PbI2 → Plumbous Iodide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the absolute values of valences used in writing formulas for ionic compounds?

The absolute values are crossed down between the elements. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are charged entities consisting of multiple atoms.
The overall charge is present, not on each individual atom (e.g., PO4^3-).

Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds

Two types of chemicals to name: ionic and covalent.
To write formulas:
- Write symbols of elements/ions with their valences.
- Cross down valence numbers and factor if possible.
- Examples include Calcium Fluoride and Zinc Sulfide.
Naming ionic compounds:
- First element's name is written; check for multiple valences.
- Add Roman numeral for valence if more than one.
- Second element’s name ends in "ide".

OUS/IC Naming System

An older system primarily for multivalent metals.
Higher valence uses "ic" ending; lower valence uses "ous" ending.
Examples include Stannic Chloride and Mercurous Nitride.

Nomenclature of Acids

Binary acids: Use "hydro" prefix and "ic acid" ending (e.g., HCl).
Oxy acids: Named based on their radicals, includes examples like Hypoiodous acid and Sulphuric acid.

Oxy Acid Radicals

Important radicals include:
- Copper (II) Bromite
- Magnesium Hypobromite
- Strontium Perchlorate
- Manganese (II) Persulfate

Hydrates

Naming hydrates includes naming the compound followed by a prefix indicating the number of water molecules, plus "hydrate" (e.g., CuSO4·5H2O).
Practice examples: Mg3(PO4)2·7H2O and KNO3·3H2O.

Covalent Nomenclature

Prefixes to memorize: mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-.
To write formulas, follow a similar pattern to ionic but using prefixes for quantities (e.g., Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen trihydride).
For naming, use prefixes for both non-metals.

Chemical Formulas

Provide essential information about composition and count of each element in a compound.
The order of elements reflects electronegativity, with less electronegative elements coming first.

Bonding Capacity and Valence Numbers

Each element has a bonding capacity indicating how it combines with other atoms.
Valence numbers from the periodic table help predict bonding behavior.
Transition metals often display variable valence due to complex electron configurations.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts of polyatomic ions and their nomenclature as outlined in the Grade 12 Chemistry curriculum. Participants will explore various examples and naming conventions for compounds that contain polyatomic ions. Prepare to enhance your understanding of chemical terminology and composition.