Politische Ideologien um 1900

Study Notes

Politische Ideologien um 1900

Sozialismus: Emphasizes equality and solidarity among people. Emerged in the 19th century due to poverty and hardship among workers during industrialization.
Democratic Socialism: Workers' movements sought gradual change through unions and reform to improve working conditions and social welfare. Called for democratic governance and the representation of workers' interests.
Revolutionary Socialism: Advocated for a radical overhaul of society through revolution. Often involved overthrowing existing structures and creating a new economic and social order. Often resulted in single-person rule and repression.
Liberalism: Focuses on individual freedom and limited government intervention. Began in the early 19th century with demands for restricting governmental power and protecting individual rights.
Political Liberalism: Sought to limit state power & implement protections for individuals. Advocated for democratic elections and freedom of thought and speech.
Economic Liberalism: Advocated for free markets with minimal government intervention, believing that unregulated markets were most effective at efficient resource allocation.
Communism: Aims for a classless society where resources are shared equally. Emerged in the 19th century as a response to industrial inequality. Sought to abolish private property and create a society where people cooperate.
Terrorism and Repression: Often occurred in countries that adopted communist principles, with extreme measures used to suppress dissent.
Nationalism: Emphasizes national identity and loyalty. Can be used to justify hostility against other nations. 19th-century nationalism often coincided with expansions of national territories and empires, involving oppression and persecution of other ethnic groups.
Nationalism Dangers: Glorification of one's nation or ethnic group. Often leads to mistrust, prejudice, and hostility towards other "outsiders."
Capitalism: Emerged in late 18th century England. Driven by profits and industrial growth.
Capitalism concerns: Exploitation of workers from industrial owners; workers were often treated poorly, with long hours and low pay. Limited government intervention in early stages.
Fascist Ideology: A right-wing political ideology, originating primarily in early 20th-century Italy, characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarianism, and often by racism and aggression.
Fascist Characteristics: Authoritarian government, hostility towards other nations, belief in the importance of a strong leader.
Propaganda use by Fascist states: Used to promote the regime's ideology and control public opinion. The promotion of hostility toward minorities and other nations.