IMG_0304.jpeg

# Political Ideologies Around 1900 This document outlines various political ideologies prevalent around 1900. ## Socialism * **Focus:** Emphasizes equality and solidarity among all people. * **Historical Context:** Emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a response to growing poverty and...

# Political Ideologies Around 1900 This document outlines various political ideologies prevalent around 1900. ## Socialism * **Focus:** Emphasizes equality and solidarity among all people. * **Historical Context:** Emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a response to growing poverty and hardship among workers. * **Types:** * **Democratic Socialism:** Advocates for gradual change through labor movements and political reform to improve the social and economic conditions for all people. Relies on democratically elected governments. * **Revolutionary Socialism:** Supports violent overthrow and radical restructuring of society. Aims to rapidly transform economic systems. ## Liberalism * **Focus:** Centralizes individual freedom and self-expression. * **Historical context:** Developed in the early 19th century as a critique of state control over individuals' lives. * **Types:** * **Political Liberalism:** Seeks limited government intervention in individuals’ lives and emphasizes individual rights, including freedom of speech and the press. * **Economic Liberalism:** Believes the market should govern itself without undue government interference. Focuses on individual rights to own property, make profit, and engage in trade. ## Communism * **Focus:** Promotes shared ownership of resources and the elimination of class distinctions. * **Historical Context:** Arose due to the unfair inequalities created by industrialization, where the wealthy gained more, but the poor become much poorer. * **Goals:** Abolition of private property, a classless society, and the overall improvement of living standards for everyone. ## Nationalism * **Focus:** Exalts the importance and superiority of one's nation. * **Danger:** Can lead to aggressive and exclusionary attitudes toward other nations. * **Concerns:** Often involves contempt for other cultures and people, frequently leading to conflict. ## Capitalism * **Focus:** Emphasizes economic freedom, private enterprise, and market competition. * **Historical context:** Arises from the industrial revolution and the subsequent need for economic growth. * **Characteristics:** Individual ownership of resources, focus on profit-seeking, and regulated competition that pushes prices down and inspires innovation. * **Later Development:** States involvement in regulating capitalist economies to reduce exploitation and enforce fair standards. * **Concerns:** Wealth differences and social inequalities. ## Fascism * **Focus:** An extreme, authoritarian political ideology based on extreme nationalism, and dictatorship. * **Historical Context:** Emerged in Italy in the early 20th century as a forceful alternative to liberal democracy. * **Characteristics:** Centralized power with a charismatic leader or party, aggressive nationalism, ultranationalism, intense suppression of opposition. * **Negative Consequences:** Often leads to violence, oppression, and international conflict. **Note:** The document presents brief overviews of each ideology. Further research is recommended for deeper understanding.