Political Ideologies Overview

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of political culture?

The characteristic values, beliefs, and behaviors of a society's members in regard to politics.

What is the best description of the left wing?

  • Individualist
  • Liberal
  • Collectivist (correct)
  • Conservative

What are some key principles of classical socialism?

  • State control of the economy (correct)
  • Free market capitalism
  • Equality of opportunity
  • Limited government intervention

What is egalitarianism?

<p>A belief in the equality of all people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some key principles of modern conservatism?

<p>Protection of individual freedoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Loyalists?

<p>Persons sympathetic to the British crown who left the US following the American revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is communitarianism?

<p>Belief systems, like socialism, based on the premise that real human freedom and dignity are only possible in the context of communal relations that allow for the public recognition of group identities and that are based on equal respect for these different group identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some key principles of conservatism?

<p>Historically, an ideology based and the importance of tradition that accepted human inequality and the organization of society into hierarchically arranged groups as part of the natural order of things. Today, conservatism in Canada and the US is associated with the defense of private property rights and free trade, individualism, opposition to the welfare state, and, in the case of social conservative, emphasis on the traditional family, religion, and what are sometimes referred to as &quot;traditional values&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Seymour Martin Lipset argue in his book "Revolution and Counter-revolution"?

<p>American sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset argues in revolution and Counter-revolution (1960) that the political histories and ideological development of the US and Canada have been significantly marked by the American Revolution of 1776. The political values, symbols, and institutions of the US have been based on the liberal ideas of the revolution, while, historically, those in Canada have been based on a rejection of what the Revolution stood for and a greater tendency to trust and embrace the state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the labels 'right', 'left', and 'centre' used to signify?

<p>A range of ideological beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Loyalism?

<p>The value system associated with the Loyalists, those who opposed the American Revolution and who migrated north to the British colonies after the defeat of the British in the American War of Independence. Their ideological beliefs have been subject of much debate, but there is a consensus that they brought to Canada a loyalty to the British crown and a rejection of the developing American identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is post-materialism?

<p>An ideological view emphasizing human needs for belonging, self-esteem, and person fulfillment. Consequently, high value is places on quality-of-life issues such as the environment, group equality, and human rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is false consciousness?

<p>A Marxist concept describing the inability of subordinate social classes to see where their real interests lie and their acceptance of cultural values and beliefs that justify their exploitation by the dominant class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fragment theory?

<p>Theory developed by American historian Louis Hartz that maintains that the ideological development of the New World societites such as canada, settled by European colonization, was strongly determined by the social characteristics and cultural values of their early immigrants. It has been applied to Canada by such scholars as Gad Horowitz and Kenneth D. Mcrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are path dependency models?

<p>Models of analysis, such as fragment theory, that aim to show the determinative nature of prior events and decisions on current events and decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is red Toryism?

<p>The belief system associated with Canadian conservatives who believe that government has a responsibility to act as an agent for the collective good and that this responsibility goes far beyond maintaining law and order. Red Tories have supported the creation of publics enterprises to achieve a range of cultural and economic goals and are generally supportive of Canadian nationalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ideology?

<p>A set of interrelated beliefs about how society is organized and how it ought to function</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is multiculturalism?

<p>A value system based on the premise that ethnic ad cultural identities and traditions are important to human happiness and dignity and that public policy ought to recognize, support, and promote the retention of these identities and traditions. In Canada an official policy of multiculturalism has existed since 1971. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms acknowledges the &quot;multicultural heritage of Canadians&quot; and he Multiculturalism Act, 1988 commits the Canadian government to a policy of promoting multiculturalism. This is done largely through the Department of Canadian Heritage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the "end of ideology" thesis?

<p>A thesis advanced by American sociologist Daniel Bell in the 1960s, which argues that traditional right/left ideological thinking had become irrelevant and outmoded as a consequence of a developing consensus on the desirability of the welfare state, government regulation of business, and political pluralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Political Culture

Characteristic values, beliefs, and behaviors regarding politics in a society.

Left Wing

A political stance characterized by collectivist ideals.

Classical Socialism

An ideology promoting equality of condition and state intervention in the economy.

Egalitarianism

Belief in the equality of all people.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Modern Conservatism

Emphasizes equality of opportunity and personal freedoms over minority rights.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Loyalists

Persons sympathetic to the British crown who left the US after the American Revolution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Communitarianism

Belief that freedom and dignity arise from communal relations and group identities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conservatism

Ideology valuing tradition and hierarchical social order, advocating private property rights.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Revolutionary Origins

U.S. political history influenced by the ideals of the American Revolution of 1776.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ideological Spectrum

Concept illustrating the range from collectivism (left) to individualism (right).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Loyalism

Value system of those who supported the British during the American Revolution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Post-materialism

Focus on human needs beyond material wealth, such as belonging and self-esteem.

Signup and view all the flashcards

False Consciousness

Marxist term for when subordinate classes fail to see their true interests.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liberalism

Individualistic ideology advocating for freedom in religion, trade, and expression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Materialism

Emphasis on economic security and material wealth over other values.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fragment Theory

Theory that early immigrant social characteristics shape ideology.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Libertarianism

Belief in maximum individual freedom across all aspects of life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Path Dependency Models

Analytical models showing how past decisions influence present choices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Red Toryism

Canadian conservatism advocating for collective good through government involvement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ideology

A set of interrelated beliefs about societal organization and function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Socialism

Ideology focusing on equality and state roles in economy and worker rights.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Multiculturalism

Value system recognizing and supporting diverse ethnic and cultural identities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

End of Ideology

Thesis stating traditional left/right ideologies have become outdated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Political Culture

  • A society's shared values, beliefs, and behaviors about politics.

Left Wing Ideology

  • Characterized by collectivism.

Classical Socialism

  • Emphasizes equality of condition.
  • Advocates state control of the economy.
  • Seeks improved working conditions.
  • Promotes public healthcare.
  • Supports unemployment insurance.

Egalitarianism

  • The belief in the equality of all people.

Modern Conservatism

  • Prioritizes equality of opportunity.
  • Focuses on protecting individual freedoms over minority rights.

Loyalists

  • Individuals who supported the British crown during the American Revolution.
  • Left the US after the revolution.

Communitarianism

  • An ideology prioritizing communal relations.
  • Values public recognition of group identities and equal respect among diverse groups.

Conservatism

  • Historically focused on tradition and human inequality.
  • Today, associated with:
    • Defense of private property and free trade.
    • Individualism.
    • Opposition to the welfare state.
    • Social conservatism emphasizing traditional values, religion, and family.

Revolutionary and Counter-Revolutionary Origins

  • American political development impacted by the American Revolution of 1776.
  • U.S. values are rooted in revolutionary liberal ideas.
  • Canada's political history leans towards rejecting revolutionary ideals and prioritizing state authority.

Right, Left, and Centre

  • Ideological spectrum ranging from collectivism (left) to individualism (right).
  • Center ground encompasses elements from both extremes.

Loyalism

  • Associated with those opposing the American Revolution.
  • Characterized by loyalty to the British crown and rejection of American identity.

Post-Materialism

  • Emphasizes personal fulfillment, belonging, and self-esteem.
  • Prioritizes quality-of-life issues like environment, equality, and human rights.

False Consciousness

  • Marxist concept.
  • Subordinate classes fail to recognize their true interests.
  • Acceptance of beliefs that justify their exploitation.

Liberalism

  • Historically emphasizes:
    • Religious freedom.
    • Free enterprise and trade.
    • Political expression and association.
  • Later evolved to include welfare state support, minority rights protection, and business regulation.

Materialism

  • Stresses economic security and material well-being.
  • Prioritizes income and employment above human rights or environmental protection.

Fragment Theory

  • Historical analysis of New World societies.
  • Emphasizes the influence of early immigrants on societal development in Canada.

Libertarianism

  • Advocates maximum individual freedom in all spheres of life.
  • Often aligns with left-leaning views on lifestyle and morality.

Path Dependency Models

  • Analytical frameworks highlighting the effects of prior events and choices on current situations.

Red Toryism

  • Canadian conservative ideology.
  • Believes in government responsibility for the collective good, extending beyond law enforcement.
  • Supports public enterprises for cultural and economic goals and Canadian nationalism.

Ideology

  • A system of interconnected beliefs about societal structure and function.

Socialism

  • Based on equality of condition.
  • Historically emphasized greater state economic management, worker rights, and egalitarian policies.
  • Modern socialists/social democrats often temper this with market acceptance.

Multiculturalism

  • Values ethnic and cultural identities.
  • Public policy supports the retention of identities and traditions.
  • Official policy in Canada since 1971.

"End of Ideology"

  • Thesis arguing that traditional ideological divides have become obsolete.
  • Consensus on welfare state, government regulation, and political pluralism.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser