Political Theory Midterm Review
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Questions and Answers

What is the main ideal behind the Rule of Law?

  • Laws should be flexible and constantly changing
  • Everyone is subject to the same laws, including leaders (correct)
  • Only leaders are subject to laws
  • Laws can be ignored in emergencies
  • Deliberative democracy insists that deliberation is unnecessary for effective decision-making.

    False

    What is the boundary problem in democratic theory?

    The boundary problem refers to the challenge of determining who counts as 'the people' in a democracy.

    _________ democracy sees democracy as a matter of adversarial conflict and values this aspect.

    <p>Agonistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following democracy theories with their characteristics:

    <p>Procedural Democracy = Focuses on establishing the best decision-making procedures Substantial Democracy = Aims to achieve substantial goals and outcomes Activist Democracy = Engages in direct action like boycotts and guerilla theatre Populism = Seeks to return power to the people, opposing distant elites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a key difference between the United States and Canada regarding their systems of government?

    <p>Canada's system is more centralized than that of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Canada, it is nearly impossible to amend the constitution.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one area where the federal government in both Canada and the United States holds power?

    <p>Taxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The United States was a product of a revolution against ______, while Canada emerged from a mix of colonialism and ______.

    <p>colonialism, conservatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions with the correct country:

    <p>Federal system with separation of power = United States Parliamentary system with fusion of powers = Canada Constitutionally entrenched rights = Both Nearly impossible to amend = Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes objective reality?

    <p>Reality independent of the mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrality involves taking a stance on an issue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Steven Lukes, what is the one-dimensional exercise of power?

    <p>Imposing one's will on the conduct of others directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of government power, the term ______ refers to the monopoly of legitimate use of physical force within a territory.

    <p>State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the dimensions of power with their definitions:

    <p>One Dimensional Power = Imposing will directly Two Dimensional Power = Shaping the agenda behind the scenes Three Dimensional Power = A dimension not mentioned Power in Politics = A social construct defined by laws and rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fallacy is characterized by the belief that truth lies between two opposing positions?

    <p>Argument to moderation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rousseau indicated that law and rights are essential for power.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Dana Haraway's perspective on objectivity?

    <p>Objectivity is partial and every view is from a specific viewpoint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes constitutions as nouns?

    <p>The supreme law of the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Written constitutions are easier to change than unwritten constitutions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to say that constitutions are contested?

    <p>Constitutions are debated or challenged in terms of their meaning and application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British constitution is based on __________ and a series of statutes.

    <p>convention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following constitutional types with their characteristics:

    <p>Written Constitution = Codified in a document Unwritten Constitution = Consists of conventions and statutes Supreme Law = More powerful than other laws Amending Formula = Rules about how to change the constitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines constitutions?

    <p>Fundamental rules and principles governing a state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The American Constitution was formally drafted in 1789.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one influence on the founders of the US and French constitutions.

    <p>Enlightenment liberal thinkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Three Dimensional Power'?

    <p>A construct encompassing structural, discursive, and collective forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indigenous sovereignty is solely recognized within nation-state borders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Doctrine of Discovery refer to?

    <p>The principle allowing Christians to claim land occupied by 'uncivilized' people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Peace of Westphalia recognized the full territorial __________ of member states.

    <p>sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal misconception does the example of gender roles highlight?

    <p>Cultural norms can shape self-perception and career potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts to their definitions:

    <p>Sovereignty = Full territorial authority of a state. Discursive Power = Shaping perceptions to prevent conflict. Three Dimensional Power = Combination of structural and discursive influences. Doctrine of Discovery = Claiming land based on civilization standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indigenous political-economic principles include __________, sustainability, and shared jurisdiction.

    <p>reciprocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Settler colonialism has reinforced Indigenous sovereignty.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of impartiality in the Canadian courts ensure?

    <p>You are entitled to an impartial judge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Judicial activism strictly adheres to the letter of the law.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between impartiality and independence in the judiciary?

    <p>Impartiality is an ethic instilled in judges, while independence refers to the judiciary's detachment from legislative and executive branches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Judges in Canada must maintain __________ neutrality by not making political statements.

    <p>political</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Impartiality = The ethic of being unbiased in judgment Independence = Detachment from other branches of government Judicial Activism = Going beyond written law to realize implicit principles Judicial Restraint = Adhering closely to existing laws and precedents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle ensures that decisions can be appealed in the Canadian court system?

    <p>Higher Courts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Judges can express their personal opinions about political issues freely.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the bureaucratic system of appointing judges aim to ensure?

    <p>A track record of impartiality in judges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Midterm Review

    • Subjective understanding is shaped by individual mental states, while objective reality is independent of the mind
    • Neutrality is the avoidance of taking a position
    • "Argument to moderation" fallacy assumes truth lies between opposing perspectives
    • Objectivity is partial, every view is from a specific point of view (Haraway, 1988)
    • Power is not strength; it's the ability to shape others’ actions (Rousseau)
    • The State holds the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory (Weber)

    Power

    • Power is the ability to shape others' actions
    • Lukes defines three dimensions of power:
      • One-dimensional power: directly imposing one's will on someone else's conduct (Weber, Dahl)
      • Restriction of freedom (Mill)
      • The ability to control the agenda, making others act in a way they would not otherwise
    • Overt exercise of power: direct control over citizens’ actions or freedom of movement.
    • Power is based on resources and mobilized by specific instruments
    • The scope of power is the probability that specific resources will work and the range of others' responses
    • Two dimensional power, shaping the agenda
    • Three Dimensional Power: Shaping the agenda, perceptions, cognitions, and preferences.

    Indigenous Sovereignty and Treaty Making

    • Sovereignty is inherently God's, but executed by the king
    • The Peace of Westphalia recognized the full territorial sovereignty of member states
    • European imperialism and colonialism challenged existing concepts of sovereignty
    • The Doctrine of Discovery established European claims to lands outside of Europe
    • Indigenous sovereignty transcends nation-state borders, encompassing principles of reciprocity and sustainability.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in political theory, including subjective vs. objective understanding, neutrality, and different dimensions of power. It explores perspectives from notable theorists like Haraway, Rousseau, and Mill. Prepare for your exam with a comprehensive review of these crucial ideas.

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