Political Systems and Public Policy Quiz

<p>House of Commons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct Democracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A course of action selected by public authorities to tackle specific problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the overall economy functions smoothly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not necessarily improve quality of life for the entire population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing taxes to stimulate spending. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As self-regulating and efficient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Governance structures that fail to address interconnected societal problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public policies may need to cool down the economy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic goals sometimes undermine safety and security. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Government should have a balanced budget while keeping individual taxes low. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributes to increased government deficits and debts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canada Pension Plan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of Residential schools for children. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To implement government policy on reserves and enforce the Indian Act. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quebec (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Funding the welfare state can be seen as an increased financial burden. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring a minimum standard of living through government support. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ruling party ensures its dominance over electoral outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal Dictatorship (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using coercion as a governing instrument (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining the common good as defined by rulers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cuba (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acceptance of unofficial behavior standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Totalitarianism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritarian regimes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electric fraud during elections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combining features of both democracies and authoritarianism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system governing the interaction between citizens and government (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Where the majority lacks genuine influence over governance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It establishes unwritten standards governing interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent a potential revolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A political system emphasizing individual freedom, limited government, and rule of law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arbitrary government control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The law is known or knowable to all (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generates independent centers of power that can challenge the government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New Zealand in 1893 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Government actions must adhere to established laws and regulations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suffragette movements were instrumental in achieving women's voting rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canada (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>48% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>India and Pakistan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides administrative structure directly to the Prime Minister. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant protests against her presence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate full and honest discussion among Cabinet members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The House of Commons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By district boundaries adjusted after a decennial census (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Criticize government actions publicly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cabinet is accountable to the House for its actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance accountability and public trust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a buffer against popular opinion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A policy to inhibit the release of information that aids public discussion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offering a body of review to assess House of Commons decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It goes to the Senate for additional examination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Senators are appointed based on the Prime Minister's recommendations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It expresses a lack of confidence in the government's capability, potentially leading to its resignation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Senators typically do not receive much media or public attention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filibuster (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Science policy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lead the questioning and criticism of the governing party. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Westminster System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple parties share Cabinet positions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A procedure that requires a majority to agree on a new Prime Minister. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a non-partisan symbol of unity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parliamentary System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensures a legitimate government is in place (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denmark (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prerogative powers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minority Government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prorogue Parliament to suspend activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A situation where the ruling party has less than half the seats. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>India and Canada (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-partisan involvement in governance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential dismissal of the government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They perform duties on behalf of the Crown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must retain the support of elected members of the House of Commons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration of power in the hands of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Prime Minister is required to resign or call for elections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adversarial relationships between governing and opposition parties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requirement to maintain the support of elected representatives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as the supreme law-making body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependence on public support to avoid losing office. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential eroding of accountability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To permit laws that place justifiable restrictions on rights in a democratic society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows temporary suspension of rights under specific conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The internment of Japanese and Italian Canadians during WWII and the treatment of Indigenous Peoples. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limits on advertising aimed at children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compromise with provincial leaders for constitutional agreement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the final authority on the interpretation of the Constitution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judicial review allows judges to have too much influence over politics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1875 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ruled that the Council of Canadians with Disabilities could challenge BC’s mental health laws. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healthcare funding models (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common law and civil law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to wear a condom could constitute sexual assault. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erosion of public trust in government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It dealt with a variety of criminal law appeals, including child custody cases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holding individuals indefinitely or returning them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate high-value targets quickly and efficiently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It expanded CSIS's authority to take any actions deemed reasonable to reduce threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of written elements, statutes, and conventions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It protects the rights of citizens and limits government authority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Same-sex couples were entitled to legal benefits associated with marriage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to increased terrorist recruitment due to anger against the state (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduced the Civil Marriage Act. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fully repatriated the Canadian Constitution from the UK. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrimination based on sexual orientation violates equality rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The repatriation of the Constitution in 1982. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It restricts government powers and protects citizens' rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bill C-16: Gender Identity and Gender Expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Netherlands and Spain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Referendums are less common at the national level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maintains a hierarchy in court systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Constitution Act, 1867. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Government must adhere to the rule of law and protect individual rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual rights versus the obligation to uphold community welfare. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1988 case that decriminalized abortion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It relies primarily on judges' decisions and precedents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Civil Law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By implementing stringent laws that often infringe upon individual rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It raises serious questions about human rights violations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It incorporates religious texts and teachings into legal rulings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They operate alongside judges to interpret previous case rulings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It continues to raise concerns over prolonged detention without charges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependency Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educational attainment, life expectancy, and income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Successful development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The security and survival of individual states (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structure with multiple states having significant power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single superpower exercising leadership through consensus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nation with a stable, accepted democratic government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often results in the acceptance of unfair trading agreements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A balance between individual rights and community responsibilities fosters societal well-being. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judicial independence may lead to judges having unchecked power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Countries still working to meet the basic needs of their populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satisfying everyone's basic needs for a fulfilling life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developed nations have 60% of the world's income while being only 16% of the population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An independent judiciary acts as a check against political powers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small percentage of the global population controls the majority of wealth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prioritizing community and individual welfare equally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lobbied for broader categorical exemptions from environmental assessments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The death of marine life including birds, dolphins, and fish. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A move towards deregulation to benefit competitive markets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There was a reliance on industry self-regulation rather than strict government oversight. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spills were deemed unlikely to result in sublethal effects on marine mammals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Businesses claim regulations hinder competition and profits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A modern, goal-oriented approach allowing companies to identify their own environmental protections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oil companies often lobby for reduced regulations, resulting in disaster risks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By investing in education and health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may deter individual responsibility and initiative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canada provides healthcare for all provinces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It limited welfare eligibility to five years in a lifetime. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing financial support for job retraining. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Governance should maintain absolute authority for public safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of a social contract for protection of rights. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through consultations with various societal groups and interests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state of war characterized by chaos among individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The existence of various societal problems influences public policy decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide essential insights into public priorities and concerns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public approval ratings on unrelated issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The government exists to protect citizens from the chaos of the state of nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection from economic hardships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may create disincentives for individuals to work. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A growing threat of communism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased government roles in economic management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a basic safety net for citizens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential growth in public dependency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It frequently faces criticism for potential dependency issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in more positive views on government responsibility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes a growing burden of poverty on the lowest income groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide widespread access to health services, increasing life expectancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modern military technology and defense policy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High levels of income inequality leading to tax evasion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the influence of organized groups competing for policy outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal safety and security. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to a lack of accountability in public office. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 354 times the average employee's income is earned by the highest-paid CEOs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Politics is shaped by the socio-economic divisions in society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public policy reflects the priorities of those in positions of authority within state institutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential for both internal safety and international stability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a framework for tax structures and social programs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced community engagement and civic participation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates a sense of community and improves societal happiness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows a nation to respond more efficiently to diverse threats. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unequal distribution of power among social classes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A course of action (or inaction) chosen by government to address a problem.

Providing safety, security, and a smooth economy.

Balancing the cost of safety and security with economic goals.

Problems created by government institutions.

Stimulating the economy by spending/reducing taxes when needed.

Market-based approach with less government intervention.

Public policy can directly impact social issues such as safety and security.

How public policy is presented to shape public opinion.

A form of direct democracy in ancient Greece where all male citizens participated in assemblies to make decisions.

A form of government in ancient Rome characterized by elected officials and a Senate, where citizens had indirect influence.

Radical English group during the English Civil War who advocated for greater democracy and equality.

The elected lower chamber of the British Parliament, responsible for making laws and holding the government accountable.

A body in the UK responsible for providing the Prime Minister with recommendations for senior government appointments.

A system where the government ensures a minimum standard of living for all citizens, providing protection from hardships like unemployment, sickness, disability, and old age.

Canada's welfare state includes programs like child tax benefits, employment insurance, Canada Pension Plan, old age security, healthcare, low-income housing, and social assistance programs like Ontario Works.

A policy designed to force Indigenous people to adopt Euro-Canadian values, behaviors, and institutions, aiming to integrate them into mainstream society.

Weakening Indigenous leadership, destroying traditional economic practices, banning ceremonies, and sending children to residential schools to learn English and Christianity.

Dismantling Indigenous reserves and encouraging Indigenous people to move into mainstream society.

A government official responsible for implementing policy on reserves, enforcing the Indian Act, and managing the day-to-day affairs of First Nations people.

This policy aimed to eliminate Indigenous cultures and assimilate them into Canadian society, potentially motivated by colonialism and a desire for control over resources.

Friedman believed in a balanced government budget with less taxes for individuals and more freedom for businesses.

A form of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

A movement advocating for women's right to vote and hold political office.

A system combining limited government, individual rights, and democratic elections.

Restrictions on what the government can do to ensure individual freedom and prevent abuse of power.

The right to express opinions, criticize government, and participate in political action.

The existence of multiple independent power centers that influence government.

The principle that government must act according to established laws, not personal whims.

Two conditions of the rule of law: Laws should be accessible to all, and apply equally to everyone.

A form of government where a single political party holds all power and controls every aspect of society, suppressing any opposition.

A government ruled by military leaders, often established through a coup d'état, where the military wields significant power and often suppresses political dissent.

A government where religious leaders hold supreme power, and laws and policies are based on religious doctrines.

A system where one political party dominates the political system, with the government ensuring its victory in elections, despite the existence of opposition parties.

Governments that lack democratic features like free and fair elections, citizen participation, and the protection of fundamental rights. They are ruled by a select few, often using coercion to maintain power.

The weakening or breakdown of unwritten societal rules that guide behavior within an institution or process. This can lead to a decline in ethical standards and an increase in unfair practices.

A system where the people have a say in how they are governed. This includes free and fair elections, the ability to vote, access to information, and participation in public discussions.

An unwritten rule of behavior that guides the actions of participants in a given process. It represents accepted standards of conduct.

A broad term describing a political system, including who holds power, how they are accountable, and how they interact with citizens.

A system where a small group or individual holds absolute power, suppressing dissent and controlling people's lives. Citizens have no say in government decisions.

An extreme form of authoritarian regime that seeks to control every aspect of citizens' lives – their thoughts, beliefs, and actions.

A system that mixes features of democracy and authoritarianism. Often, these regimes gain power through corrupt practices and manipulate elections.

A government structure where the executive branch (Prime Minister and Cabinet) is directly accountable to the legislative branch (Parliament) and must maintain its support to remain in power.

A key principle in parliamentary systems where the Prime Minister and Cabinet are answerable to Parliament for their actions and decisions. They must maintain the support of the elected members to stay in office.

A formal vote in Parliament proposed by opposition members to express their lack of confidence in the government. If passed, it forces either a resignation of the Prime Minister or an election.

A type of parliamentary system that originated in Britain, characterized by single-party majority rule, dominance of the executive branch over Parliament, and a competitive relationship between the governing party and the opposition.

A situation where a single political party controls a majority of seats in Parliament, giving the Prime Minister and Cabinet significant power and influence.

The practice of keeping information confidential for national security reasons, public safety, or other legitimate justifications.

The principle that government activities and decision-making processes are open and accessible to the public, promoting accountability and trust.

The accumulation of power and authority within a specific branch of government, potentially leading to a weakened role for other institutions.

The official symbolic representative of a country, often responsible for ceremonial duties and representing the nation internationally.

A form of government ruled by a king or queen, where the monarch holds the position for life, often inherited.

A person chosen through a democratic election to be the symbolic leader of a country, often with limited powers.

The head of government in a parliamentary system, leading the executive branch and responsible for daily affairs.

A group of ministers chosen by the Prime Minister to lead different government departments, responsible for implementing policies and overseeing their respective areas.

A formal vote in parliament where members express their confidence in the government. A majority vote is needed for the government to remain in power.

A special type of confidence motion where a majority in parliament must agree on a new Prime Minister if they vote against the current one. Prevents a power vacuum.

A government formed by an alliance of two or more political parties, sharing power and cabinet positions.

Political parties play a key role in forming governments and shaping policies. They compete for votes, organize the parliament and sometimes form coalitions.

The representative of the monarch in Canada, appointed by the monarch on the Prime Minister's recommendation, with limited powers but significant ceremonial duties.

The representative of the monarch at the provincial level in Canada, appointed by the monarch on the Premier's recommendation, with limited powers.

The powers of the monarch (and their representatives) that haven't been taken away by Parliament, including dissolving Parliament, appointing or dismissing the Prime Minister, and proroguing Parliament.

The suspension of Parliament's session, ending ongoing committees and bills, by the Governor General on the Prime Minister's request.

A government where a single political party holds a majority of seats in Parliament and is able to pass legislation independently.

The House of Commons is responsible for holding the government accountable for its actions, providing a platform for the opposition to criticize the government, and ensuring government transparency. It also helps voters determine which party to support in future elections.

The House of Commons is the elected chamber of Parliament, directly representing the population, while the Senate is appointed and represents regional interests. The House of Commons holds the government accountable, while the Senate provides a second review and input on legislation.

The Cabinet is a group of ministers chosen by the Prime Minister to lead government departments. They are responsible for implementing policies and defending the actions of the government in Parliament.

Cabinet Secrecy refers to the practice of keeping discussions and decisions made in Cabinet meetings confidential for a period of time, allowing for full and honest discussions without fear of immediate public scrutiny.

The 'gag order' refers to the practice of preventing government research from being released to the public, potentially to avoid criticism or to limit the opposition's ability to hold the government accountable.

The Prime Minister and Cabinet must maintain the support of a majority of members in the House of Commons. This ensures stability and prevents a vote of non-confidence, which could lead to a resignation or election.

Opposition parties in Parliament serve as a critical voice, holding the government accountable, proposing alternative policies, and scrutinizing the actions of the ruling party.

District boundaries are redrawn after each decennial census to ensure that each member of Parliament represents roughly the same number of people, guaranteeing fair representation across the country.

An appointed body in Canada's Parliament, providing a 'sober second thought' on legislation passed by the House of Commons.

The political party with the second-highest number of seats in Parliament, responsible for scrutinizing and questioning the government.

Delaying tactics used by the opposing party to slow down or prevent the passage of a law.

A bill (proposed law) is first drafted by a government department, then approved by the Cabinet, and finally presented to the House of Commons. It must pass through several readings and potentially be amended by the Senate before receiving final approval from the Governor General.

The Governor General, appointed by the Canadian Monarch, plays a ceremonial role, giving final approval to bills passed by Parliament and representing the Crown.

A parliamentary system is characterized by a Prime Minister and Cabinet who are accountable to the elected Parliament. They must maintain the support of the majority of members to remain in power.

A direct vote by the people on a specific proposal, often regarding a constitutional amendment or a major policy decision.

A system where the government's power is limited by a constitution, which protects individual rights and ensures the rule of law.

A set of fundamental rules and principles that govern a state, defining the structure of government, its powers, and the rights of citizens.

A combination of written documents (like the Constitution Acts), unwritten conventions, and judicial decisions that establish the framework for Canadian government.

Part of the Canadian Constitution that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.

Bringing back control of the Canadian Constitution from the United Kingdom to Canada.

The Canadian Constitution is the highest law in the land, and all other laws must comply with its provisions.

Unwritten rules and practices that are considered essential for the proper functioning of the Canadian government, even though they are not legally binding.

The power of courts to strike down laws or government actions that violate the constitution.

The highest court in Canada, responsible for interpreting the constitution and resolving disputes.

There is debate about the best way to select judges, with some arguing for a more politically independent process.

The Supreme Court has issued landmark rulings on issues such as mental health laws, sexual assault, child custody, and online investigations.

The Supreme Court can answer questions about the federal government's authority to legislate on specific topics.

The Supreme Court applies both common law (based on precedents) and civil law (based on codified rules).

The Supreme Court ensures that government actions comply with the constitution and protect fundamental rights.

Section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms allows for laws to place reasonable limits on rights and freedoms, provided they are demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.

Section 33 of the Charter allows Parliament or a provincial legislature to override some rights, but it is only effective for five years.

The absence of explicit protection for rights and freedoms in previous Canadian constitutions, combined with historical injustices like the treatment of Indigenous Peoples and internment of certain groups during WWII,highlighted the need for a dedicated document to safeguard fundamental rights.

The legalization of marriage between two people of the same sex, following a lengthy legal battle and a landmark Supreme Court ruling.

The law that legalized same-sex marriage in Canada, passed in 2005, making Canada the fourth country to recognize same-sex marriage.

Significant legal decisions by the Supreme Court of Canada that have shaped Canadian law and society, like those concerning abortion, discrimination, and search and seizure.

A fundamental right protected by the Charter, ensuring that individuals are safe from unjust harm or interference by the government.

A fundamental right protected by the Charter, guaranteeing that all individuals are treated equally under the law.

The principle that the courts should operate independently from the government, ensuring impartial and fair justice for all.

A legal system based on court decisions and precedents, used in countries like England, Canada, and the United States.

A legal system based on written codes and statutes, used in countries like France, Germany, and Quebec.

A legal system based on Islamic principles and interpretations of the Qur’an. It governs aspects of both private and public life in various Muslim countries.

The delicate balance between protecting national security from terrorism and upholding individual rights & freedoms.

A US military base in Cuba used to detain suspected terrorists, which has been criticized for its lengthy detentions without charges.

Government actions taken to combat terrorism after events like 9/11, which often involve increased security and surveillance.

A branch of law that deals with offenses against the state, such as theft, assault, and murder.

The question of whether a country should suspend rules like freedom of speech and press when facing terrorist threats. This raises concerns about balancing security with individual rights.

The debate about whether the threat of terrorism justifies using extreme actions, even if they may violate normal legal and ethical standards.

The use of drones to target terrorists often results in the deaths of innocent civilians, raising ethical concerns about collateral damage.

Laws like Canada's Anti-Terrorism Act aim to combat terrorism, but they also involve measures that may restrict individual rights and freedoms.

The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) has the power to take actions deemed reasonable to protect Canada's security, raising questions about the limits of its authority.

An annual index calculated by the United Nations that measures a country's development based on life expectancy, education levels, and per capita income.

A development scenario where a country fails to achieve significant economic growth and social progress, often characterized by poverty, inequality, and instability.

A theory that explains underdevelopment as a result of traditional values, practices, and institutions in developing countries hindering advancement.

This theory argues that underdevelopment is caused by unequal power relations between wealthy nations and poorer countries, where the latter are exploited by the former.

Government aid provided by wealthy countries to developing nations.

A form of government where power rests with the people, who exercise their voice through free and fair elections and participation in decision-making.

A political theory that emphasizes national security as the main goal of states, often leading to competition and alliances based on self-interest.

An international system where power is distributed among several major powers, with no single dominant force.

A societal mindset focused on individual rights, potentially neglecting the common good and individual responsibility.

Benefits and well-being shared by all members of a society.

The principle that the judiciary should be free from undue influence by the government or other branches of power.

The significant disparities in wealth, income, and living standards between developed and developing countries.

Countries with lower levels of economic development, often characterized by lower income, limited infrastructure, and challenges in meeting basic needs.

The total market value of goods and services produced within a country in a specific period.

Essential requirements for survival and well-being, including food, water, shelter, healthcare, education, and security.

An economic system designed to meet current needs without jeopardizing future generations' ability to meet their own needs.

A principle where government powers are restricted to protect individual liberties, ensuring citizens' rights are prioritized.

Liberal democracies, unlike countries experiencing civil wars, generally have a low level of violence and prioritize peaceful conflict resolution.

A public policy goal aimed at ensuring access to safe and nutritious food for all citizens, vital for a healthy population.

The gap between the rich and poor is widening in both countries, with CEO salaries far exceeding those of average workers.

Moving money out of the country to avoid paying taxes, resulting in significant revenue loss for the Canadian government.

Government policies aim to create a safe and secure environment for citizens, protecting them from both internal and external threats.

A combination of policies focused on protecting the country from external threats and promoting international peace and stability.

Government policies aim to address societal issues and improve citizens' well-being, including healthcare, education, and social assistance.

Factors like public pressure, expert opinions, economic considerations, and political agendas influence which issues are prioritized.

Thomas Hobbes believed government should have absolute power to maintain order and prevent chaos. This view emphasized security above freedom.

John Locke argued that individuals voluntarily give up some freedom to government in exchange for protection of life, liberty, and property.

Hobbes argued that before government, life was harsh and individuals were always at risk, leading to a constant state of fear and insecurity.

Governments are tasked with providing safety and security for its citizens, ensuring protection from harm and threats, and creating a peaceful and stable society.

This section encourages the reader to think about how different social groups influence the government's policy priorities and how these priorities can reflect the interests of certain groups over others.

Understanding how public policy is created involves examining the steps from identifying a problem, to defining it, to choosing a solution, and finally, implementing the policy.

Some argue that welfare programs discourage people from taking responsibility for their lives and can lead to dependency.

Welfare states offer social peace, economic growth, and a higher quality of life by providing healthcare and education.

The process of reducing or removing government regulations on businesses and industries. This is often seen as a way to promote economic growth.

The act of attempting to influence government policy by individuals or groups, often through financial contributions or political pressure.

A shortcut in the environmental assessment process that exempts certain projects from full environmental review. This can lead to less scrutiny of potential environmental impacts.

Rules and policies implemented by government to guide behavior, protect the public, and ensure safety in various aspects of life.

The process of implementing public policy by government agencies and public servants, involving day-to-day operations, management, and service delivery.

A tool used in policy-making to weigh the potential benefits of a policy against its costs. Helps decide if a policy is worth implementing.

The process of identifying potential risks, assessing their likelihood and impact, and taking steps to mitigate or avoid them.

A government program that provides every citizen with a regular, unconditional cash payment, regardless of their income or employment status.

The fear of the spread of communist ideas, which promoted state control of the economy and society, contributed to the rise of the welfare state.

The growing strength of labor unions and socialist political parties advocating for social welfare programs pushed governments to adopt policies that supported workers and the poor.

The period after World War II saw a significant increase in the development and expansion of the welfare state due to the need to support returning soldiers and their families.

The social and political atmosphere at a particular time, shaped by public opinion and events.

A climate conducive to the development of a certain idea, policy, or system.

Views public policy as a result of competition among various organized groups in liberal democracies. Each group aims to protect and promote their interests.

Assumes all politicians aim to maximize their own interests, leading to potentially excessive government intervention due to their desire for power.

Views public policy as reflecting the unequal power distribution in society, often favoring the wealthy and powerful.

Focuses on how government institutions influence public policy, highlighting the preferences and priorities of those in power.

Healthcare system where the government provides health services to citizens, typically through taxes.

Government initiatives designed to address social needs, like poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to services.

A well-functioning public policy system promotes greater social equity, public wellbeing, economic stability, and a more sustainable future.

Challenges include balancing competing interests, addressing complex problems, ensuring transparency and accountability, and avoiding unintended consequences.