Political Systems and Public Policy Quiz

A course of action (or inaction) chosen by government to address a problem.

Providing safety, security, and a smooth economy.

Balancing the cost of safety and security with economic goals.

Problems created by government institutions.

Stimulating the economy by spending/reducing taxes when needed.

Market-based approach with less government intervention.

Public policy can directly impact social issues such as safety and security.

How public policy is presented to shape public opinion.

A form of direct democracy in ancient Greece where all male citizens participated in assemblies to make decisions.

A form of government in ancient Rome characterized by elected officials and a Senate, where citizens had indirect influence.

Radical English group during the English Civil War who advocated for greater democracy and equality.

The elected lower chamber of the British Parliament, responsible for making laws and holding the government accountable.

A body in the UK responsible for providing the Prime Minister with recommendations for senior government appointments.

A system where the government ensures a minimum standard of living for all citizens, providing protection from hardships like unemployment, sickness, disability, and old age.

Canada's welfare state includes programs like child tax benefits, employment insurance, Canada Pension Plan, old age security, healthcare, low-income housing, and social assistance programs like Ontario Works.

A policy designed to force Indigenous people to adopt Euro-Canadian values, behaviors, and institutions, aiming to integrate them into mainstream society.

Weakening Indigenous leadership, destroying traditional economic practices, banning ceremonies, and sending children to residential schools to learn English and Christianity.

Dismantling Indigenous reserves and encouraging Indigenous people to move into mainstream society.

A government official responsible for implementing policy on reserves, enforcing the Indian Act, and managing the day-to-day affairs of First Nations people.

This policy aimed to eliminate Indigenous cultures and assimilate them into Canadian society, potentially motivated by colonialism and a desire for control over resources.

Friedman believed in a balanced government budget with less taxes for individuals and more freedom for businesses.

A form of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

A movement advocating for women's right to vote and hold political office.

A system combining limited government, individual rights, and democratic elections.

Restrictions on what the government can do to ensure individual freedom and prevent abuse of power.

The right to express opinions, criticize government, and participate in political action.

The existence of multiple independent power centers that influence government.

The principle that government must act according to established laws, not personal whims.

Two conditions of the rule of law: Laws should be accessible to all, and apply equally to everyone.

A form of government where a single political party holds all power and controls every aspect of society, suppressing any opposition.

A government ruled by military leaders, often established through a coup d'état, where the military wields significant power and often suppresses political dissent.

A government where religious leaders hold supreme power, and laws and policies are based on religious doctrines.

A system where one political party dominates the political system, with the government ensuring its victory in elections, despite the existence of opposition parties.

Governments that lack democratic features like free and fair elections, citizen participation, and the protection of fundamental rights. They are ruled by a select few, often using coercion to maintain power.

The weakening or breakdown of unwritten societal rules that guide behavior within an institution or process. This can lead to a decline in ethical standards and an increase in unfair practices.

A system where the people have a say in how they are governed. This includes free and fair elections, the ability to vote, access to information, and participation in public discussions.

An unwritten rule of behavior that guides the actions of participants in a given process. It represents accepted standards of conduct.

A broad term describing a political system, including who holds power, how they are accountable, and how they interact with citizens.

A system where a small group or individual holds absolute power, suppressing dissent and controlling people's lives. Citizens have no say in government decisions.

An extreme form of authoritarian regime that seeks to control every aspect of citizens' lives – their thoughts, beliefs, and actions.

A system that mixes features of democracy and authoritarianism. Often, these regimes gain power through corrupt practices and manipulate elections.

A government structure where the executive branch (Prime Minister and Cabinet) is directly accountable to the legislative branch (Parliament) and must maintain its support to remain in power.

A key principle in parliamentary systems where the Prime Minister and Cabinet are answerable to Parliament for their actions and decisions. They must maintain the support of the elected members to stay in office.

A formal vote in Parliament proposed by opposition members to express their lack of confidence in the government. If passed, it forces either a resignation of the Prime Minister or an election.

A type of parliamentary system that originated in Britain, characterized by single-party majority rule, dominance of the executive branch over Parliament, and a competitive relationship between the governing party and the opposition.

A situation where a single political party controls a majority of seats in Parliament, giving the Prime Minister and Cabinet significant power and influence.

The practice of keeping information confidential for national security reasons, public safety, or other legitimate justifications.

The principle that government activities and decision-making processes are open and accessible to the public, promoting accountability and trust.

The accumulation of power and authority within a specific branch of government, potentially leading to a weakened role for other institutions.

The official symbolic representative of a country, often responsible for ceremonial duties and representing the nation internationally.

A form of government ruled by a king or queen, where the monarch holds the position for life, often inherited.

A person chosen through a democratic election to be the symbolic leader of a country, often with limited powers.

The head of government in a parliamentary system, leading the executive branch and responsible for daily affairs.

A group of ministers chosen by the Prime Minister to lead different government departments, responsible for implementing policies and overseeing their respective areas.

A formal vote in parliament where members express their confidence in the government. A majority vote is needed for the government to remain in power.

A special type of confidence motion where a majority in parliament must agree on a new Prime Minister if they vote against the current one. Prevents a power vacuum.

A government formed by an alliance of two or more political parties, sharing power and cabinet positions.

Political parties play a key role in forming governments and shaping policies. They compete for votes, organize the parliament and sometimes form coalitions.

The representative of the monarch in Canada, appointed by the monarch on the Prime Minister's recommendation, with limited powers but significant ceremonial duties.

The representative of the monarch at the provincial level in Canada, appointed by the monarch on the Premier's recommendation, with limited powers.

The powers of the monarch (and their representatives) that haven't been taken away by Parliament, including dissolving Parliament, appointing or dismissing the Prime Minister, and proroguing Parliament.

The suspension of Parliament's session, ending ongoing committees and bills, by the Governor General on the Prime Minister's request.

A government where a single political party holds a majority of seats in Parliament and is able to pass legislation independently.

The House of Commons is responsible for holding the government accountable for its actions, providing a platform for the opposition to criticize the government, and ensuring government transparency. It also helps voters determine which party to support in future elections.

The House of Commons is the elected chamber of Parliament, directly representing the population, while the Senate is appointed and represents regional interests. The House of Commons holds the government accountable, while the Senate provides a second review and input on legislation.

The Cabinet is a group of ministers chosen by the Prime Minister to lead government departments. They are responsible for implementing policies and defending the actions of the government in Parliament.

Cabinet Secrecy refers to the practice of keeping discussions and decisions made in Cabinet meetings confidential for a period of time, allowing for full and honest discussions without fear of immediate public scrutiny.

The 'gag order' refers to the practice of preventing government research from being released to the public, potentially to avoid criticism or to limit the opposition's ability to hold the government accountable.

The Prime Minister and Cabinet must maintain the support of a majority of members in the House of Commons. This ensures stability and prevents a vote of non-confidence, which could lead to a resignation or election.

Opposition parties in Parliament serve as a critical voice, holding the government accountable, proposing alternative policies, and scrutinizing the actions of the ruling party.

District boundaries are redrawn after each decennial census to ensure that each member of Parliament represents roughly the same number of people, guaranteeing fair representation across the country.

An appointed body in Canada's Parliament, providing a 'sober second thought' on legislation passed by the House of Commons.

The political party with the second-highest number of seats in Parliament, responsible for scrutinizing and questioning the government.

Delaying tactics used by the opposing party to slow down or prevent the passage of a law.

A bill (proposed law) is first drafted by a government department, then approved by the Cabinet, and finally presented to the House of Commons. It must pass through several readings and potentially be amended by the Senate before receiving final approval from the Governor General.

The Governor General, appointed by the Canadian Monarch, plays a ceremonial role, giving final approval to bills passed by Parliament and representing the Crown.

A parliamentary system is characterized by a Prime Minister and Cabinet who are accountable to the elected Parliament. They must maintain the support of the majority of members to remain in power.

A direct vote by the people on a specific proposal, often regarding a constitutional amendment or a major policy decision.

A system where the government's power is limited by a constitution, which protects individual rights and ensures the rule of law.

A set of fundamental rules and principles that govern a state, defining the structure of government, its powers, and the rights of citizens.

A combination of written documents (like the Constitution Acts), unwritten conventions, and judicial decisions that establish the framework for Canadian government.

Part of the Canadian Constitution that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.

Bringing back control of the Canadian Constitution from the United Kingdom to Canada.

The Canadian Constitution is the highest law in the land, and all other laws must comply with its provisions.

Unwritten rules and practices that are considered essential for the proper functioning of the Canadian government, even though they are not legally binding.

The power of courts to strike down laws or government actions that violate the constitution.

The highest court in Canada, responsible for interpreting the constitution and resolving disputes.

There is debate about the best way to select judges, with some arguing for a more politically independent process.

The Supreme Court has issued landmark rulings on issues such as mental health laws, sexual assault, child custody, and online investigations.

The Supreme Court can answer questions about the federal government's authority to legislate on specific topics.

The Supreme Court applies both common law (based on precedents) and civil law (based on codified rules).

The Supreme Court ensures that government actions comply with the constitution and protect fundamental rights.

Section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms allows for laws to place reasonable limits on rights and freedoms, provided they are demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.

Section 33 of the Charter allows Parliament or a provincial legislature to override some rights, but it is only effective for five years.

The absence of explicit protection for rights and freedoms in previous Canadian constitutions, combined with historical injustices like the treatment of Indigenous Peoples and internment of certain groups during WWII,highlighted the need for a dedicated document to safeguard fundamental rights.

The legalization of marriage between two people of the same sex, following a lengthy legal battle and a landmark Supreme Court ruling.

The law that legalized same-sex marriage in Canada, passed in 2005, making Canada the fourth country to recognize same-sex marriage.

Significant legal decisions by the Supreme Court of Canada that have shaped Canadian law and society, like those concerning abortion, discrimination, and search and seizure.

A fundamental right protected by the Charter, ensuring that individuals are safe from unjust harm or interference by the government.

A fundamental right protected by the Charter, guaranteeing that all individuals are treated equally under the law.

The principle that the courts should operate independently from the government, ensuring impartial and fair justice for all.

A legal system based on court decisions and precedents, used in countries like England, Canada, and the United States.

A legal system based on written codes and statutes, used in countries like France, Germany, and Quebec.

A legal system based on Islamic principles and interpretations of the Qur’an. It governs aspects of both private and public life in various Muslim countries.

The delicate balance between protecting national security from terrorism and upholding individual rights & freedoms.

A US military base in Cuba used to detain suspected terrorists, which has been criticized for its lengthy detentions without charges.

Government actions taken to combat terrorism after events like 9/11, which often involve increased security and surveillance.

A branch of law that deals with offenses against the state, such as theft, assault, and murder.

The question of whether a country should suspend rules like freedom of speech and press when facing terrorist threats. This raises concerns about balancing security with individual rights.

The debate about whether the threat of terrorism justifies using extreme actions, even if they may violate normal legal and ethical standards.

The use of drones to target terrorists often results in the deaths of innocent civilians, raising ethical concerns about collateral damage.

Laws like Canada's Anti-Terrorism Act aim to combat terrorism, but they also involve measures that may restrict individual rights and freedoms.

The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) has the power to take actions deemed reasonable to protect Canada's security, raising questions about the limits of its authority.

An annual index calculated by the United Nations that measures a country's development based on life expectancy, education levels, and per capita income.

A development scenario where a country fails to achieve significant economic growth and social progress, often characterized by poverty, inequality, and instability.

A theory that explains underdevelopment as a result of traditional values, practices, and institutions in developing countries hindering advancement.

This theory argues that underdevelopment is caused by unequal power relations between wealthy nations and poorer countries, where the latter are exploited by the former.

Government aid provided by wealthy countries to developing nations.

A form of government where power rests with the people, who exercise their voice through free and fair elections and participation in decision-making.

A political theory that emphasizes national security as the main goal of states, often leading to competition and alliances based on self-interest.

An international system where power is distributed among several major powers, with no single dominant force.

A societal mindset focused on individual rights, potentially neglecting the common good and individual responsibility.

Benefits and well-being shared by all members of a society.

The principle that the judiciary should be free from undue influence by the government or other branches of power.

The significant disparities in wealth, income, and living standards between developed and developing countries.

Countries with lower levels of economic development, often characterized by lower income, limited infrastructure, and challenges in meeting basic needs.

The total market value of goods and services produced within a country in a specific period.

Essential requirements for survival and well-being, including food, water, shelter, healthcare, education, and security.

An economic system designed to meet current needs without jeopardizing future generations' ability to meet their own needs.

A principle where government powers are restricted to protect individual liberties, ensuring citizens' rights are prioritized.

Liberal democracies, unlike countries experiencing civil wars, generally have a low level of violence and prioritize peaceful conflict resolution.

A public policy goal aimed at ensuring access to safe and nutritious food for all citizens, vital for a healthy population.

The gap between the rich and poor is widening in both countries, with CEO salaries far exceeding those of average workers.

Moving money out of the country to avoid paying taxes, resulting in significant revenue loss for the Canadian government.

Government policies aim to create a safe and secure environment for citizens, protecting them from both internal and external threats.

A combination of policies focused on protecting the country from external threats and promoting international peace and stability.

Government policies aim to address societal issues and improve citizens' well-being, including healthcare, education, and social assistance.

Factors like public pressure, expert opinions, economic considerations, and political agendas influence which issues are prioritized.

Thomas Hobbes believed government should have absolute power to maintain order and prevent chaos. This view emphasized security above freedom.

John Locke argued that individuals voluntarily give up some freedom to government in exchange for protection of life, liberty, and property.

Hobbes argued that before government, life was harsh and individuals were always at risk, leading to a constant state of fear and insecurity.

Governments are tasked with providing safety and security for its citizens, ensuring protection from harm and threats, and creating a peaceful and stable society.

This section encourages the reader to think about how different social groups influence the government's policy priorities and how these priorities can reflect the interests of certain groups over others.

Understanding how public policy is created involves examining the steps from identifying a problem, to defining it, to choosing a solution, and finally, implementing the policy.

Some argue that welfare programs discourage people from taking responsibility for their lives and can lead to dependency.

Welfare states offer social peace, economic growth, and a higher quality of life by providing healthcare and education.

The process of reducing or removing government regulations on businesses and industries. This is often seen as a way to promote economic growth.

The act of attempting to influence government policy by individuals or groups, often through financial contributions or political pressure.

A shortcut in the environmental assessment process that exempts certain projects from full environmental review. This can lead to less scrutiny of potential environmental impacts.

Rules and policies implemented by government to guide behavior, protect the public, and ensure safety in various aspects of life.

The process of implementing public policy by government agencies and public servants, involving day-to-day operations, management, and service delivery.

A tool used in policy-making to weigh the potential benefits of a policy against its costs. Helps decide if a policy is worth implementing.

The process of identifying potential risks, assessing their likelihood and impact, and taking steps to mitigate or avoid them.

A government program that provides every citizen with a regular, unconditional cash payment, regardless of their income or employment status.

The fear of the spread of communist ideas, which promoted state control of the economy and society, contributed to the rise of the welfare state.

The growing strength of labor unions and socialist political parties advocating for social welfare programs pushed governments to adopt policies that supported workers and the poor.

The period after World War II saw a significant increase in the development and expansion of the welfare state due to the need to support returning soldiers and their families.

The social and political atmosphere at a particular time, shaped by public opinion and events.

A climate conducive to the development of a certain idea, policy, or system.

Views public policy as a result of competition among various organized groups in liberal democracies. Each group aims to protect and promote their interests.

Assumes all politicians aim to maximize their own interests, leading to potentially excessive government intervention due to their desire for power.

Views public policy as reflecting the unequal power distribution in society, often favoring the wealthy and powerful.

Focuses on how government institutions influence public policy, highlighting the preferences and priorities of those in power.

Healthcare system where the government provides health services to citizens, typically through taxes.

Government initiatives designed to address social needs, like poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to services.

A well-functioning public policy system promotes greater social equity, public wellbeing, economic stability, and a more sustainable future.

Challenges include balancing competing interests, addressing complex problems, ensuring transparency and accountability, and avoiding unintended consequences.