Week 9 CSS 1190 Development & Global Politics PDF

“Rights Culture” Fostering the common good in a society Understanding the Electoral College https://electionsanddemocracy.ca/your-classroom/comparing-elector al-systems-canada-and-united-states/backgrounder-comparing-elect oral-systems “Rights Culture” Fostering the common good in a...

“Rights Culture” Fostering the common good in a society Understanding the Electoral College https://electionsanddemocracy.ca/your-classroom/comparing-elector al-systems-canada-and-united-states/backgrounder-comparing-elect oral-systems “Rights Culture” Fostering the common good in a society “….too much emphasis is placed on individual rights in countries such as Canada and the United States without a corresponding concern for the responsibility of individuals to each other and to their community. i.e. right to vote carries the responsibility to make an informed decision about the common good for the community” Are we fostering the common good in a society when the focus is on the rights of the individual neglecting the rights of the common good? What do you think? Should the judicial system be independent of government? How can we ensure the judicial system remains impartial and fair? Class Discussion “Some argue that involving judges in determining the validly of legislation makes the judiciary too powerful and interferes with the principle that the judiciary should be separate from politics. The political significance of the courts makes the process of selecting judges very important. “ (Mintz et el 2021) How should Judges be chosen?  CSS 1190 The Political Process and Social Work Week 9 Development and Global Politics The Development Gap Social Scientists have applied a variety of names to the world’s poor countries… Third World / Underdeveloped / The South: referring to less developed, poorer countries The North: the rich, developed countries World’s Wealth 60% of the world’s income resides with 16% of the population (High-Income) 8.75% of the world’s income resides with 49.7% of the population (Lower-Middle and Low-Income). What is Development? Development: A condition that involves the satisfaction of the basic needs of all people as well as the means for them to live fulfilling and productive lives – based on the creation of a diversified, sophisticated and sustainable economy. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The market value of goods and services produced within a country Developing Countries: Countries that have not reached the same level of development as the richer, more advanced countries. Three Goals of Development 1. Satisfying everyone’s basic needs (food, housing, clothing, clean water, education, healthcare, employment, security against severe hardships). 2. Building a more diversified and sophisticated economy 3. Creating environmentally sustainable development Measuring Development Human Development Index (HDI) annual index for countries calculated by the United Nations based on educational attainment, life expectancy, and income Three Development Scenarios 1. Failed development 2. Reversed development 3. Successful development Development Theories 1. Modernization Theory: views the traditional values, practices, and institutions of Third World countries as the basic cause of underdevelopment 2. Dependency Theory: argues that underdevelopment results from unequal power relations between dominant countries and poorer countries Foreign Aid Official Development Assistance (ODA): aid to the poorer countries given by the governments of the richer countries. ***While development assistance is given, discrimination of poorer countries happens through trade as poorer countries need to trade with us so desperately that they often accept unfair deals. The Politics of Development Democratic Transitions: abandoning authoritarian government for democratic rule. Consolidated Democracy: countries with stable, accepted democratic governments, unlikely to be overthrown. Third World Politics differ as: 1) Liberal Democracies are rare, government institutions are weak, and violence is more rampant. Coup D'état: a forcible overthrow of government by the military International Anarchy: the absence of a central authority to make and enforce rules globally. Realist Approach to Politics Realism: assumes that the main objective of states is their own security (i.e. Border defence, protection of their population). At the core of Realism is National Interest, the most important common good that pursue when conducting foreign policy. Distribution of Power Pole: an international concentration of power Multi-Polar System: dominated by 2(?) or more powers Balance of Power: no great power is internationally dominant Security Dilemma: states need power to feel secure, but that power may lead other states to feel they are in danger and to form an alliance to meet the perceived threat Bipolarity and Unipolarity Bipolarity: two superpowers compete, and all other states fall under the influence of one. Unipolarity: an international system with a single superpower Hegemon: a superpower that exercises power through leadership and persuasion and thus creates consensus around it’s actions. The United Nations The general assembly seats of diplomatic representatives The closest thing to a global parliament Said to carry the moral authority of the world Responsible for peace and security issues Why States Cooperate States prefer to do what is right because they do not wish to lose prestige in international public opinion. States have learned over time that it is in their interest to abide by international law and live in an ordered, predictable world.