Political Science: The State and Power Concepts

State

• A political-legal organization with its own territory and sovereignty, regulating the actions of the social conglomerate
• The essential function of the state is to protect the rights of its people
• The creation of legal rules and guarantees, ensuring equality and governing relations between members

The First Social Division

• Slavery

The State and Law

• Creation of legal rules and guarantees for members of society
• Rules govern relations and norms and are equal for all

The Social, Legal, and Political Conglomerate

• Assentator built upon a territory

Power (Political)

• The capacity of an individual or group to take action, even with resistance from others
• In capitalist society, power is the ability to dominate, orient, direct, command, impose interests, or privilege certain groups over others
• Destined for all society
• Has the capacity to use coercive means in case of resistance, such as weapons, courts, and prisons

Power Enforcement

• Acceptance, conditioning, persuasion, deceit, fear, threat, force

Authority

• Power recognized as legitimate

Legitimacy

• The active acceptance of power by those subjected, believing it is necessary
• Legitimacy of power depends on societal acceptance
• Manifests itself through popular vote

Manifestations of Power

• Anarchy and Depotism
• Limited Power: Power limited by individual rights. Public Law limits the power of authorities
• Limited by the Constitution and implemented through three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial

Social Control

• Seeking to ensure the correct allocation of public funds and good management of services through citizen participation

Preventive/Informal Social Control

• Diffusion of rules of conduct
• Examples: Family

Repressive/Formal Social Control

• Establishment of laws citizens must abide by
• Examples: The government

Human Conduct

• Influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors
• Biogeneticos: Linked to genes
• Psychological: Psychological aspects
• Psicosociologicos: Resulting from interactions with other people

Sociological Schools

• Schools attempting to explain illicit behavior

Theory of Anomie

• Founded by Durkheim
• The lack of social norms within a society

The State

• A legal and political organization with its own territory and sovereignty.
• Key function is to protect the rights of its people.

First Social Division

• Slavery

State and Law

• The State creates legal rules that guarantee the rights of the members of society.
• These rules govern relationships and are equal for all.

Social, Legal, and Political Conglomerate

• A conglomerate built on a territory.

Power

• The capacity of an individual or group to act, even despite resistance.
• In capitalist society, power is the ability to dominate, direct, and impose interests over others.

Power Enforcement

• Power is enforced through acceptance, conditioning, persuasion, deceit, fear, threat, and force.

Political Power

• Intended for all of society.
• Can use coercive means in cases of resistance (weapons, courts, prisons).

Authority

• Power that is recognized as legitimate.

Legitimacy

• Active acceptance of power by those subject to it.
• Depends on whether it comes from society.
• Manifests itself through popular vote.

Manifestations of Power

• Anarchy and despotism represent extremes of power.
• Limited power: Power is limited by individual rights.
• Public law limits the power of authorities.

Limiting Power

• The Constitution limits the power of authorities.
• Implemented through executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Social Control

• Ensures the correct allocation of public funds and guarantees good management of services through citizen participation.

Preventive/Informal Social Control

• Dissemination of rules of conduct.
• Example: The family.

Repressive/Formal Social Control

• Establishes laws that citizens must follow.
• Example: The government.

Human Conduct

• A product of endogenous and exogenous factors.
• Biogenetic factors: Linked to genes
• Psychological factors: Psychological aspects
• Psychosocial factors: Resulting from interactions with other people.

Sociological Schools

• Attempt to provide explanations for illicit behavior.

Anomie Theory

• Founded by Durkheim.
• Refers to a lack of social norms within a society.

This quiz explores fundamental concepts of the state, including its legal and political functions. It also covers the nature of power in society, the role of law, and social divisions. Test your understanding of how these elements interact within a political context.