Political Legitimacy and Democracy Models
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of legal-rational authority in modern states?

  • It is primarily based on personal charisma.
  • It is connected to a clearly defined set of rules. (correct)
  • It emphasizes traditional power structures.
  • It relies on emotional influence over followers.

    • According to Weber, why is legal-rational authority less likely to lead to abuse of power?

  • It is rooted in historical traditions.
  • It operates under the influence of public opinion.
  • It is associated with charismatic leaders.
  • It is constrained by formal rules and regulations. (correct)

    • How does Weber's concept of charisma differ from legal-rational authority?

  • Charisma is defined by efficiency, while legal-rational authority is not.
  • Charisma relies on traditional practices, unlike legal-rational authority.
  • Charisma is a personal trait, whereas legal-rational authority is institutional. (correct)
  • Charisma is courtroom-based while legal-rational authority is not.

    • What did Weber identify as a potential downside of increased efficiency in legal-rational authority?

    <p>Creation of a depersonalized and inhuman environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of Weber's classification of political legitimacy?

    <p>It overlooks how legitimacy is challenged by unpopular policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the emotional aspect of charismatic authority?

    <p>It inspires emotional dependence on a leader.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method by which leaders cultivate their charisma?

    <p>Utilizing propaganda and effective oratory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of legal-rational authority contributes to promoting efficiency?

    <p>A formal and rational division of labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of direct democracy as described in the content?

    <p>It allows for manipulation by charismatic leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is often added to the notion of democracy that reflects Western political thought?

    <p>Liberal democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Athenian democracy exemplify?

    <p>Direct democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the classical model of democracy based on?

    <p>The polis and city-states of Ancient Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the notion of democracy often misrepresented according to the content?

    <p>It is assumed to be a unified and unambiguous phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four contrasting models of democracy identified in the content?

    <p>Democratic centralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Athenian democracy is highlighted as remarkable?

    <p>The extensive political activity of its citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the term 'liberal democracy'?

    <p>It encompasses a variety of liberal interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Aristotle's key question regarding government power?

    <p>Who will guard the Guardians?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Locke, what gave citizens the right to vote?

    <p>Natural rights, particularly the right to property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Locke's view of democracy?

    <p>Democracy as governed by consent but limited to property owners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle did utilitarian theorists like Bentham and Mill argue for in the context of democracy?

    <p>Promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number through universal suffrage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'protective democracy' primarily refer to?

    <p>A limited and indirect form of democracy focused on protecting individual interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is political equality defined in the context of democracy as described?

    <p>Equal voting rights understood in technical terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea behind the legislative body in a democratic system as outlined?

    <p>It controls the power of taxation to prevent expropriation of property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with constitutional democracy as described?

    <p>Complete power of government without restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mill propose regarding the franchise?

    <p>It should be extended to all except the illiterate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mill's views on voting differ from mainstream liberal thought?

    <p>He proposed a system of plural voting based on qualifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern did Mill have about democracy?

    <p>It can lead to the oppression of dissenting opinions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of deliberative democracy?

    <p>It emphasizes reasoned discussion and debate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of parliamentary democracy?

    <p>It is governed by a popularly elected assembly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group, according to Mill, would have the most votes in his plural voting system?

    <p>Graduates and members of learned professions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Mill's opinion on political opinions?

    <p>Some political opinions are more valuable than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mill view the relationship between government and the people in a parliamentary democracy?

    <p>Government is accountable to elected representatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Marx believe would trigger genuine democracy to flourish?

    <p>The overthrow of capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept contrasts with 'political democracy' according to the content?

    <p>Social democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Rosa Luxemburg criticize about Lenin’s approach to political organization?

    <p>His centralized vanguard party structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event does Marx's admiration for hint at the shape of a transitionary society?

    <p>The Paris Commune of 1871</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In her work, The Accumulation of Capital, what did Luxemburg analyze?

    <p>The failures of capitalism and its link to nationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Lenin’s 1917 slogan 'All power to the Soviets' actually translate in practice?

    <p>Power quickly fell into the hands of the Bolshevik party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the critical objections Luxemburg had towards Eduard Bernstein's revisionism?

    <p>It rejected the objective foundations of socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Marx use to describe the system that would replace bourgeois democracy?

    <p>Proletarian democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Political Legitimacy

    • Traditional Authority: Based on customs, traditions, and beliefs. Often associated with hereditary rule.
    • Charismatic Authority: Based on the personal qualities of a leader, their ability to inspire and motivate followers. Often arises during times of crisis or change.
    • Legal-Rational Authority: Based on a set of rules and laws that define the power and authority of individuals and institutions. Common in modern states.

    Models of Democracy

    • Classical Democracy: Based on the Athenian model of direct democracy where citizens participate directly in governing.
    • Limited or ‘Protective’ Democracy: Focuses on protecting individual rights and liberties from government overreach. Promotes representative government and regular elections.
    • Developmental Democracy: Aims to promote social and economic development through democratic means. Emphasizes participation and empowerment of citizens.
    • People’s or ‘Socialist’ Democracy: Based on the Marxist concept of a society where the working class holds power and a socialist economic system prevails.

    Democracy and its Critics

    • Demagoguery: Rule by political leaders who manipulate the masses through speeches and appeals to their prejudices. A potential threat to genuine democracy.
    • Tyranny of the Majority: The concern that majority rule can suppress individual liberties and minority rights.
    • Elitism: The argument that real power resides in the hands of select groups and not in the people.

    Key Thinkers

    • Max Weber: Developed the concept of "ideal types" of authority.
    • John Locke: Advocated for “government by consent” and the protection of natural rights, particularly the right to property.
    • Alexis de Tocqueville: Warned of the dangers of "the tyranny of the majority."
    • John Stuart Mill: Supported a broader franchise but advocated for plural voting based on intellectual ability.
    • Karl Marx: Believed in a transition from capitalist democracy to a "revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat" leading to a truly communist society.
    • Rosa Luxemburg: Criticized Lenin’s concept of a centralized vanguard party, seeing it as a threat to democracy and leading to despotism (tyranny).

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    Related Documents

    Heywood Chapter 4: Democracy and Legitimacy PDF

    Description

    Explore the concepts of political legitimacy, including traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational authority. Dive into various models of democracy such as classical, limited, developmental, and socialist democracy. Understand how these frameworks shape governance and citizen participation.

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