Political Institutions and Nationalism

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of institutions in society?

  • To keep society in order and implement specific tasks (correct)
  • To increase governmental authority
  • To facilitate cultural diversity
  • To enhance individual wealth

Which of the following best defines a nation?

  • A subset of a state focused on economic development
  • A political group with defined borders
  • A cultural community without any political ties
  • A group of people with a unified identity within a geographical area (correct)

Which branch of the Philippine government is responsible for executing laws?

  • Judicial Branch
  • Executive Branch (correct)
  • Legislative Branch
  • Constitutional Branch

What does nationalism refer to?

<p>A sentiment of loyalty and unified identity towards a nation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of state institutions?

<p>They are established and operated by the government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of non-state organizations?

<p>They are involved in international affairs without being affiliated with any state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Karl Marx view institutions?

<p>As entities determined by the mode of production in society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of the Senate in the Philippines?

<p>It is composed of 24 Senators elected at large by the public. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entities embody the legislative branch of the Philippine government?

<p>The Senate and House of Representatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of the judicial branch in the Philippines?

<p>To hear and decide on cases brought before them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the definition of a nation?

<p>A nation is synonymous with a state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of financial institution is primarily involved in accepting deposits?

<p>Retail bank (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a corporation from other types of organizations?

<p>It is a legal entity separate from its owners. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of advocacy groups?

<p>To influence public opinion and policy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is defined as being owned and controlled by its members?

<p>Cooperative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of governance, what is the primary function of the legislative branch?

<p>To create laws and manage the budget. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'ascribed statuses' defined as?

<p>Statuses received without personal effort or choice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is considered an example of an 'achieved status'?

<p>A university degree earned through study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Philippines, which class is characterized by high personal income and inherited wealth?

<p>Upper class (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes social stratification from social differentiation?

<p>Social stratification includes social classes while differentiation focuses on individual differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects a misconception about equality in society?

<p>All citizens are inherently equal regardless of background. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most associated with the middle class in the Philippines?

<p>Occupation as small business owners or teachers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does physical appearance influence social mobility in the Philippines?

<p>Attractive individuals often receive better opportunities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily affects one's chance for advancement according to the content?

<p>The school or university attended (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nation

A group of people sharing an identity and living in a specific geographical area.

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to one's nation.

State

A political entity with sovereignty over a territory and authority over institutions.

Institutions

Organizations dedicated to a cause or program, maintaining order and providing services.

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State Institutions

Organizations established, operated, and funded by the government.

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Executive Branch

The branch of government responsible for enforcing laws.

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Legislative Branch

The branch of government responsible for creating laws.

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Political Institutions

Organizations in charge of governance.

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Senate Composition

The Senate has 24 Senators elected by the Filipino voters.

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House of Representatives Composition

The House has up to 250 members, including 20% party-list representatives.

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Judicial Power Vested In

The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and lower courts in the Philippines.

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Supreme Court Justices

The Supreme Court has a Chief Justice and 14 associate Justices.

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Non-state Institutions

Groups or organizations that operate independently from any government.

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Bank Function

A bank receives deposits and gives loans.

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Corporation Definition

A corporation is a separate legal entity from its owners.

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Cooperative Focus

Cooperatives are member-owned businesses focusing on economic, social, and cultural needs of their members.

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Ascribed Status

Social position inherited at birth; cannot be chosen or earned.

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Achieved Status

Social position earned through effort, talent, or skills.

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Social Stratification (Philippines)

Hierarchical arrangement of social classes based on factors like wealth, education, and influence.

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Upper Class

High-income group with inherited wealth and economic influence.

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Middle Class

Social class with moderate income and occupations like small business owners, teachers, or traders.

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Lower Class

Social class with low income, limited savings, and often unemployment.

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Social Differentiation

Process of distinguishing individuals based on various traits (e.g., occupation, education).

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Social Stratification vs. Social Differentiation

Social stratification is a hierarchy based on social classes, while social differentiation is the act of distinguishing people without a hierarchy.

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Study Notes

Key Concepts

  • Nation: A group of people with a shared identity living in the same geographical area.
  • Nationalism: A feeling of loyalty to one's nation.
  • State: A political entity with sovereignty over a territory and authority over institutions.
  • Institution: Organizations, establishments, or foundations promoting a particular cause or program, keeping society ordered and completing set tasks (e.g., family, education, economy).

Different Perspectives on Studying Institutions

  • Karl Marx (1848): Institutions are influenced by the mode of production in a society.
  • Max Weber (1949): Institutions are interdependent and not controlled by one institution.
  • Emile Durkheim (1893): Institutions are important for social solidarity.

Forms of State and Non-State Institutions

  • State institutions are established, run, operated, and funded by the government.
  • Non-state institutions are groups or people that participate in international affairs but are not affiliated with a state.

Branches of the Philippine Government

  • Executive Branch: Comprises the President and Vice President elected by popular vote. Handles decision-making, implementation, and law execution.
  • Legislative Branch: The Congress, with the Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (lower house), makes laws and approves budgets.
  • Judicial Branch: The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body, hearing and deciding cases.

Kinds of Institutions

  • Banks: Financial institutions that receive deposits and make loans.
  • Corporations: Legal entities separate from their owners, having rights and responsibilities similar to individuals.
  • Cooperatives: Businesses owned and controlled by members for common economic, social, and cultural needs.
  • Advocacy Groups: Groups aiming to influence public opinion and policy.
  • Trade Unions: Associations of workers or employers representing their members' interests.

Education

  • Education: The social institution where society teaches important knowledge, like facts, career skills, and cultural values, to its members.
  • Purpose of Education: Equipping individuals with knowledge, habits, skills, and abilities, to develop their minds and gain cultural heritage.

Functions of Education

  • Individual Development: Fosters knowledge, skills, and personal values.
  • Social Solidarity: Teaches individuals social norms and how to interact in society.
  • Social Progress: Enables individuals to adapt and progress in society.

Types of Education

  • Formal Education: Structured learning within institutions (schools, colleges).
  • Non-formal Education: Organized learning outside formal structures, catering to special needs and interests.
  • Informal Education: Learning from daily life experiences.

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