Political Culture & Public Opinion Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a benchmark poll?

  • To gather real-time public opinion during an event
  • To track changes in public sentiment over time
  • To collect baseline data for a candidate or issue (correct)
  • To analyze the reactions of a small focus group

Which of the following best describes a random selection method?

  • Using a predetermined criterion to select study participants
  • Selecting individuals based on their demographic characteristics
  • Ensuring that each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen (correct)
  • Choosing participants from volunteers who express interest

What does weighting in polling refer to?

  • Adjusting the results to account for demographic discrepancies (correct)
  • The method of selecting poll participants randomly
  • The bias introduced by question wording
  • Calculating the total participants in a survey

Which ideology is characterized by minimal government interference in both personal and economic matters?

<p>Libertarianism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of economic system does a command-and-control economy represent?

<p>One with complete government control over economic activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does question wording impact polling?

<p>It can introduce bias or skew responses based on phrasing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a focus group primarily used for in polling?

<p>To analyze a small group's reactions to specific ideas or issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a tracking poll provide for a political campaign?

<p>Regular updates on changing public opinions over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which individuals learn political beliefs and values?

<p>Political Socialization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an economic system with minimal government regulations?

<p>Laissez-Faire Economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'Sampling Error'?

<p>The difference between the sampled population and the whole population's opinions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Generational Effect' refer to?

<p>Influence of significant events on the political views of a generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which political ideology advocates for minimal government interference in personal affairs?

<p>Libertarianism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Rule of Law' imply?

<p>All individuals and institutions must adhere to the law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'Focus Group'?

<p>A small, diverse group of people studied to gauge reactions to an issue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept differentiates between inherent rights and government-granted privileges?

<p>Right vs. Privilege (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Selective Incorporation'?

<p>Application of the Bill of Rights to state laws gradually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes 'Civil Liberties'?

<p>Individual freedoms protected by the Bill of Rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Prior Restraint' refer to?

<p>Preemptive censorship of material before it is published (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of voting involves selecting candidates from one political party for all positions?

<p>Straight-Ticket Voting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'Divided Government'?

<p>The presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment?

<p>To require states to treat all individuals equally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes De Jure Discrimination?

<p>Discrimination that is sanctioned by law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Exclusionary Rule establish?

<p>Evidence collected illegally cannot be admitted in court (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment prohibits voting restrictions based on race?

<p>15th Amendment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which case established the 'clear and present danger' test for limiting free speech?

<p>Schenck v. U.S. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Affirmative Action primarily designed to do?

<p>Increase opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle applies the highest level of scrutiny to laws affecting fundamental rights?

<p>Strict Scrutiny (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage does the unemployment rate represent?

<p>The percentage of people seeking employment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?

<p>Established that private discrimination is legally permissible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes fiscal policy?

<p>Government policy regarding taxation and spending (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Equal Protection Clause?

<p>To require equal treatment under the law (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which political ideology primarily advocates for minimal government interference in personal affairs?

<p>Libertarianism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which case established the Lemon Test for evaluating government action related to religion?

<p>Lemon v. Kurtzman (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the term Globalization in a political context?

<p>The increasing interconnectedness of economies and cultures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is used to adjust poll results to reflect demographic factors?

<p>Weighting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'de jure discrimination' refer to?

<p>Discrimination enforced by law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment guaranteed women the right to vote?

<p>19th Amendment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legal principle prevents the use of illegally obtained evidence in court?

<p>Exclusionary Rule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does selective incorporation refer to?

<p>Gradual application of the Bill of Rights to the states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best defines 'civil liberties'?

<p>Individual freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'fighting words' refer to in legal terms?

<p>Words meant to incite violence immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the Affordable Care Act?

<p>To provide affordable health insurance to more Americans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of split-ticket voting?

<p>Choosing candidates from different parties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of third parties in a political context?

<p>To address specific issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that school-sponsored prayer violates the Establishment Clause?

<p>Engel v. Vitale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes voting for candidates from different parties in the same election?

<p>Split-Ticket Voting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Lemon Test used for?

<p>Assessing government action regarding religion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Divided government occurs when which two entities are controlled by different parties?

<p>President and Congress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Equal Protection Clause require states to do?

<p>Treat all individuals equally under the law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of affirmative action policies?

<p>To increase opportunities for disadvantaged groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clause protects religious freedoms in the First Amendment?

<p>Free Exercise Clause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law established protections against pay discrimination based on gender?

<p>Equal Pay Act of 1963 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core concept of civil liberties?

<p>Selective Incorporation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a critical election?

<p>It leads to a significant shift in party control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is symbolic speech?

<p>Nonverbal communication conveying a political message (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Scientific Poll

A poll using scientific methods to get a sample that represents the entire population.

Random Selection

Each person in the population has an equal chance of being picked for a poll.

Representative Sample

A sample that reflects the characteristics of the whole population.

Political Ideology

Set of beliefs about how government should work and what it should do.

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Conservatism

Political ideology that favors limited government and traditional values.

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Liberalism

Political ideology advocating for government intervention to address social issues and economic inequalities.

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Sampling Error

The difference between a sample's results and the actual opinions of the population.

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Exit Poll

A poll conducted as people leave an event, like voting.

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Economic Recession

A period of economic decline marked by decreased production, rising unemployment, and reduced spending.

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Unemployment Rate

The percentage of the workforce actively seeking employment but unable to find a job.

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Inflation

A general increase in the prices of goods and services over time.

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Fiscal Policy

Government policies related to taxation and spending, influencing the economy.

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Federal Reserve System

The central bank of the United States, responsible for monetary policy.

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Monetary Policy

Actions taken by the Federal Reserve to control the money supply and interest rates.

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Medicare

Federal health insurance program for Americans aged 65 and older.

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Medicaid

Federal program providing healthcare for low-income individuals and families.

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Affordable Care Act

Healthcare reform law aiming to provide affordable health insurance to more Americans.

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Party Identification

The political party with which an individual aligns themselves.

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Party Platform

A set of principles, goals, and policies that a political party supports.

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Straight-Ticket Voting

Voting for candidates from the same party in all elections.

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Split-Ticket Voting

Voting for candidates from different parties in the same election.

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Realignment

A significant shift in party dominance, often after a critical election.

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Critical Election

An election leading to a significant change in party control and political landscape.

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Political Culture

The shared values, beliefs, and attitudes that shape how citizens view politics and government.

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Individualism

A belief in the importance of individual rights and freedoms.

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Free Enterprise

An economic system where businesses are privately owned and operated for profit, with minimal government intervention.

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Rule of Law

The principle that everyone, including government officials, is subject to and accountable to the law.

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Political Socialization

The process by which individuals learn political values and beliefs.

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Generational Effect

Long-lasting impact of significant events that shape the political views of a generation.

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Life Cycle Effect

Changes in political views that occur as individuals age and life experiences change.

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Globalization

Growing interconnectedness of economies and cultures worldwide.

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Outsourcing

Hiring external firms in other countries to handle tasks a company used to do internally.

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Focus Group

A small group of people representing a diverse range of opinions, used to gauge reactions to ideas or candidates.

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Weighting

Adjusting poll results to account for demographic factors like age or race.

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Mass Survey

A large-scale poll that attempts to capture the opinions of a wide cross-section of the population.

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Benchmark Poll

An initial poll conducted to establish a baseline for a candidate or issue.

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Divided Government

When the presidency and Congress are controlled by different political parties.

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Third Parties

Political parties that are not one of the two major parties, often focused on specific issues.

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Civil Liberties

Individual freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

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Civil Rights

The rights of citizens to receive equal treatment under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, etc.

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Incorporation Doctrine

The process by which the Bill of Rights is applied to the states, preventing them from violating individual rights.

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Selective Incorporation

Gradually applying the Bill of Rights to the states through court decisions.

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Establishment Clause

Part of the First Amendment that prohibits the government from establishing an official religion.

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Free Exercise Clause

Part of the First Amendment that protects the right to practice any religion or none at all.

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Lemon Test

A three-part test used by the courts to determine whether government action violates the Establishment Clause.

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Clear and Present Danger

The standard used to determine when speech can be restricted due to potential harm.

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Tracking Poll

A poll conducted regularly to monitor changes in public opinion over time.

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Question Order

The sequence of questions in a survey, which can influence responses.

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Question Wording

The way a question is phrased, which can introduce bias or skew responses.

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Study Notes

Chapter 10: Political Culture & Ideology

  • Political Culture: Attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments shaping citizen views on politics/government.
  • Political Socialization: Process of acquiring political beliefs/values.
  • Political Ideology: Set of beliefs aiming to guide government goals/methods.
  • Generational Effect: Lasting impacts of major events on a generation's political views.
  • Life Cycle Effect: How political views change with age.
  • Globalization: Increased interconnectedness of economies/cultures.
  • Outsourcing: Hiring external firms for tasks previously done internally.

Chapter 11: Public Opinion & Polling

  • Focus Group: Small, diverse group whose reactions to issues/candidates/ideas are studied.
  • Scientific Poll: Poll using scientific methods to gauge representative opinions.
  • Random Selection: Each person has an equal chance of being selected for a poll.
  • Representative Sample: Sample mirroring population demographics.
  • Weighting: Adjusting poll results based on demographic factors (age, sex, etc.).
  • Sampling Error: Variation between sample and actual population opinions.
  • Mass Survey: Large-scale survey to capture broad public opinion.
  • Benchmark Poll: Initial poll to establish baseline data for candidates/issues.
  • Tracking Poll: Regular polls following changes in public opinion.
  • Question Order: Sequence of questions impacting responses.
  • Question Wording: Phrasing affecting answers, potentially leading to bias.

Chapter 12: Economic Policy & Ideology

  • Political Ideology: Beliefs about government roles/functions.
  • Right vs. Privilege: Difference between inherent rights and government-granted privileges.
  • Party Identification: Alignment with a political party.
  • Party Ideology: Core beliefs/principles of a political party.
  • Conservatism: Political ideology favoring limited government/traditional values.
  • Liberalism: Ideology favoring government intervention for social issues/inequalities.
  • Libertarianism: Ideology advocating for minimal government intervention.
  • Laissez-Faire Economy: Minimal government regulation of business.
  • Command-and-Control Economy: Government controls all economic decisions.
  • Mixed Economy: Combining private and public enterprise.
  • Economic Recession: Period of economic decline.
  • Inflation: Rising price level of goods/services.
  • Fiscal Policy: Government policies on taxation/spending.
  • Federal Reserve System: Central banking system of the U.S.
  • Monetary Policy: Federal Reserve control of money supply/interest rates.

Chapter 14: Political Parties

  • Party Platform: Set of principles/goals/policies a party supports.
  • Straight-Ticket Voting: Voting for all candidates of the same party.
  • Split-Ticket Voting: Voting for candidates from different parties.
  • Realignment: Shift in party dominance after a critical election.
  • Critical Election: Election leading to a significant shift in party control.
  • Divided Government: Different parties controlling presidency and Congress.
  • Third Parties: Parties outside the two major parties, often focused on specific issues.

Chapter 8: Civil Liberties & Rights

  • Civil Liberties: Individual freedoms protected by the Bill of Rights.
  • Civil Rights: Citizen rights for equal treatment under the law.
  • Bill of Rights: First ten amendments protecting civil liberties.
  • Due Process: Legal requirement that government follows legal procedures.
  • Incorporation Doctrine: Applying Bill of Rights protections to state governments.
  • Selective Incorporation: Gradual application of Bill of Rights to states.
  • Establishment Clause: First Amendment preventing government establishment of religion.
  • Free Exercise Clause: First Amendment protecting religious freedoms.
  • Lemon Test: Criteria for evaluating government actions regarding the Establishment Clause.
  • Clear and Present Danger: Standard for limiting speech based on potential harm.
  • Prior Restraint: Censorship of speech before it occurs.
  • Symbolic Speech: Nonverbal communication with political messages.
  • Hate Speech: Speech inciting violence/discrimination.
  • Slander: False spoken statements harming reputation.
  • Libel: False written statements harming reputation.
  • Fighting Words: Speech likely to provoke immediate violence.
  • Writ of Habeas Corpus: Court order forcing government to bring prisoner to court.
  • Ex Post Facto Law: Law punishing actions that were legal at the time.
  • Bill of Attainder: Law punishing without trial.
  • Exclusionary Rule: Illegal evidence cannot be used in court.

Chapter 9: Civil Rights

  • 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery.
  • 14th Amendment: Equal protection and due process for all.
  • 15th Amendment: Voting rights regardless of race.
  • 19th Amendment: Voting rights for women.
  • Equal Protection Clause: 14th Amendment, ensuring equal treatment under the law.
  • Civil Rights Cases (1883): Supreme Court decision allowing discrimination in private businesses.
  • NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964: Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
  • De Jure Discrimination: Discrimination legalized by law.
  • De Facto Discrimination: Discrimination rooted in social factors.
  • NOW: National Organization for Women.
  • Equal Rights Amendment: Proposed amendment guaranteeing equal rights for women.
  • Strict Scrutiny: Highest level of review applied to laws affecting fundamental rights.
  • Equal Pay Act of 1963: Prohibits pay discrimination based on gender.
  • Title IX: Prohibits sex-based discrimination in education.
  • Affirmative Action: Policies promoting opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 10 and Chapter 11 about political culture, ideology, and public opinion. Explore the effects of generational and life cycles on political beliefs, as well as the methods used in polling and gauging public sentiment. Get ready to dive into the intricacies of political attitudes in society.

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