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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of a benchmark poll?
What is the purpose of a benchmark poll?
Which of the following best describes a random selection method?
Which of the following best describes a random selection method?
What does weighting in polling refer to?
What does weighting in polling refer to?
Which ideology is characterized by minimal government interference in both personal and economic matters?
Which ideology is characterized by minimal government interference in both personal and economic matters?
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What type of economic system does a command-and-control economy represent?
What type of economic system does a command-and-control economy represent?
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How does question wording impact polling?
How does question wording impact polling?
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What is a focus group primarily used for in polling?
What is a focus group primarily used for in polling?
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What does a tracking poll provide for a political campaign?
What does a tracking poll provide for a political campaign?
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What is the term for the process by which individuals learn political beliefs and values?
What is the term for the process by which individuals learn political beliefs and values?
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Which term describes an economic system with minimal government regulations?
Which term describes an economic system with minimal government regulations?
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Which of the following best defines 'Sampling Error'?
Which of the following best defines 'Sampling Error'?
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What does the term 'Generational Effect' refer to?
What does the term 'Generational Effect' refer to?
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Which political ideology advocates for minimal government interference in personal affairs?
Which political ideology advocates for minimal government interference in personal affairs?
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What does 'Rule of Law' imply?
What does 'Rule of Law' imply?
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What is a 'Focus Group'?
What is a 'Focus Group'?
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Which concept differentiates between inherent rights and government-granted privileges?
Which concept differentiates between inherent rights and government-granted privileges?
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What is meant by 'Selective Incorporation'?
What is meant by 'Selective Incorporation'?
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Which best describes 'Civil Liberties'?
Which best describes 'Civil Liberties'?
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What does 'Prior Restraint' refer to?
What does 'Prior Restraint' refer to?
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Which type of voting involves selecting candidates from one political party for all positions?
Which type of voting involves selecting candidates from one political party for all positions?
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Which of the following describes 'Divided Government'?
Which of the following describes 'Divided Government'?
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What is the purpose of the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment?
What is the purpose of the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment?
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Which of the following describes De Jure Discrimination?
Which of the following describes De Jure Discrimination?
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What does the Exclusionary Rule establish?
What does the Exclusionary Rule establish?
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Which amendment prohibits voting restrictions based on race?
Which amendment prohibits voting restrictions based on race?
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Which case established the 'clear and present danger' test for limiting free speech?
Which case established the 'clear and present danger' test for limiting free speech?
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What is Affirmative Action primarily designed to do?
What is Affirmative Action primarily designed to do?
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Which principle applies the highest level of scrutiny to laws affecting fundamental rights?
Which principle applies the highest level of scrutiny to laws affecting fundamental rights?
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What percentage does the unemployment rate represent?
What percentage does the unemployment rate represent?
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What was the outcome of the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?
What was the outcome of the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?
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Which of the following best describes fiscal policy?
Which of the following best describes fiscal policy?
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What is the primary purpose of the Equal Protection Clause?
What is the primary purpose of the Equal Protection Clause?
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Which political ideology primarily advocates for minimal government interference in personal affairs?
Which political ideology primarily advocates for minimal government interference in personal affairs?
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Which case established the Lemon Test for evaluating government action related to religion?
Which case established the Lemon Test for evaluating government action related to religion?
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What describes the term Globalization in a political context?
What describes the term Globalization in a political context?
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Which principle is used to adjust poll results to reflect demographic factors?
Which principle is used to adjust poll results to reflect demographic factors?
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What does the term 'de jure discrimination' refer to?
What does the term 'de jure discrimination' refer to?
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Which amendment guaranteed women the right to vote?
Which amendment guaranteed women the right to vote?
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Which legal principle prevents the use of illegally obtained evidence in court?
Which legal principle prevents the use of illegally obtained evidence in court?
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What does selective incorporation refer to?
What does selective incorporation refer to?
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Which phrase best defines 'civil liberties'?
Which phrase best defines 'civil liberties'?
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What does 'fighting words' refer to in legal terms?
What does 'fighting words' refer to in legal terms?
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What is the goal of the Affordable Care Act?
What is the goal of the Affordable Care Act?
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Which of these is a characteristic of split-ticket voting?
Which of these is a characteristic of split-ticket voting?
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What is the main focus of third parties in a political context?
What is the main focus of third parties in a political context?
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In which case did the Supreme Court rule that school-sponsored prayer violates the Establishment Clause?
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that school-sponsored prayer violates the Establishment Clause?
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What term describes voting for candidates from different parties in the same election?
What term describes voting for candidates from different parties in the same election?
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What is the Lemon Test used for?
What is the Lemon Test used for?
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Divided government occurs when which two entities are controlled by different parties?
Divided government occurs when which two entities are controlled by different parties?
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What does the Equal Protection Clause require states to do?
What does the Equal Protection Clause require states to do?
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What is the primary aim of affirmative action policies?
What is the primary aim of affirmative action policies?
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Which clause protects religious freedoms in the First Amendment?
Which clause protects religious freedoms in the First Amendment?
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Which law established protections against pay discrimination based on gender?
Which law established protections against pay discrimination based on gender?
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Which of the following is NOT a core concept of civil liberties?
Which of the following is NOT a core concept of civil liberties?
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What characterizes a critical election?
What characterizes a critical election?
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What is symbolic speech?
What is symbolic speech?
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Study Notes
Chapter 10: Political Culture & Ideology
- Political Culture: Attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments shaping citizen views on politics/government.
- Political Socialization: Process of acquiring political beliefs/values.
- Political Ideology: Set of beliefs aiming to guide government goals/methods.
- Generational Effect: Lasting impacts of major events on a generation's political views.
- Life Cycle Effect: How political views change with age.
- Globalization: Increased interconnectedness of economies/cultures.
- Outsourcing: Hiring external firms for tasks previously done internally.
Chapter 11: Public Opinion & Polling
- Focus Group: Small, diverse group whose reactions to issues/candidates/ideas are studied.
- Scientific Poll: Poll using scientific methods to gauge representative opinions.
- Random Selection: Each person has an equal chance of being selected for a poll.
- Representative Sample: Sample mirroring population demographics.
- Weighting: Adjusting poll results based on demographic factors (age, sex, etc.).
- Sampling Error: Variation between sample and actual population opinions.
- Mass Survey: Large-scale survey to capture broad public opinion.
- Benchmark Poll: Initial poll to establish baseline data for candidates/issues.
- Tracking Poll: Regular polls following changes in public opinion.
- Question Order: Sequence of questions impacting responses.
- Question Wording: Phrasing affecting answers, potentially leading to bias.
Chapter 12: Economic Policy & Ideology
- Political Ideology: Beliefs about government roles/functions.
- Right vs. Privilege: Difference between inherent rights and government-granted privileges.
- Party Identification: Alignment with a political party.
- Party Ideology: Core beliefs/principles of a political party.
- Conservatism: Political ideology favoring limited government/traditional values.
- Liberalism: Ideology favoring government intervention for social issues/inequalities.
- Libertarianism: Ideology advocating for minimal government intervention.
- Laissez-Faire Economy: Minimal government regulation of business.
- Command-and-Control Economy: Government controls all economic decisions.
- Mixed Economy: Combining private and public enterprise.
- Economic Recession: Period of economic decline.
- Inflation: Rising price level of goods/services.
- Fiscal Policy: Government policies on taxation/spending.
- Federal Reserve System: Central banking system of the U.S.
- Monetary Policy: Federal Reserve control of money supply/interest rates.
Chapter 14: Political Parties
- Party Platform: Set of principles/goals/policies a party supports.
- Straight-Ticket Voting: Voting for all candidates of the same party.
- Split-Ticket Voting: Voting for candidates from different parties.
- Realignment: Shift in party dominance after a critical election.
- Critical Election: Election leading to a significant shift in party control.
- Divided Government: Different parties controlling presidency and Congress.
- Third Parties: Parties outside the two major parties, often focused on specific issues.
Chapter 8: Civil Liberties & Rights
- Civil Liberties: Individual freedoms protected by the Bill of Rights.
- Civil Rights: Citizen rights for equal treatment under the law.
- Bill of Rights: First ten amendments protecting civil liberties.
- Due Process: Legal requirement that government follows legal procedures.
- Incorporation Doctrine: Applying Bill of Rights protections to state governments.
- Selective Incorporation: Gradual application of Bill of Rights to states.
- Establishment Clause: First Amendment preventing government establishment of religion.
- Free Exercise Clause: First Amendment protecting religious freedoms.
- Lemon Test: Criteria for evaluating government actions regarding the Establishment Clause.
- Clear and Present Danger: Standard for limiting speech based on potential harm.
- Prior Restraint: Censorship of speech before it occurs.
- Symbolic Speech: Nonverbal communication with political messages.
- Hate Speech: Speech inciting violence/discrimination.
- Slander: False spoken statements harming reputation.
- Libel: False written statements harming reputation.
- Fighting Words: Speech likely to provoke immediate violence.
- Writ of Habeas Corpus: Court order forcing government to bring prisoner to court.
- Ex Post Facto Law: Law punishing actions that were legal at the time.
- Bill of Attainder: Law punishing without trial.
- Exclusionary Rule: Illegal evidence cannot be used in court.
Chapter 9: Civil Rights
- 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery.
- 14th Amendment: Equal protection and due process for all.
- 15th Amendment: Voting rights regardless of race.
- 19th Amendment: Voting rights for women.
- Equal Protection Clause: 14th Amendment, ensuring equal treatment under the law.
- Civil Rights Cases (1883): Supreme Court decision allowing discrimination in private businesses.
- NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
- Civil Rights Act of 1964: Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
- De Jure Discrimination: Discrimination legalized by law.
- De Facto Discrimination: Discrimination rooted in social factors.
- NOW: National Organization for Women.
- Equal Rights Amendment: Proposed amendment guaranteeing equal rights for women.
- Strict Scrutiny: Highest level of review applied to laws affecting fundamental rights.
- Equal Pay Act of 1963: Prohibits pay discrimination based on gender.
- Title IX: Prohibits sex-based discrimination in education.
- Affirmative Action: Policies promoting opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups.
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Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 10 and Chapter 11 about political culture, ideology, and public opinion. Explore the effects of generational and life cycles on political beliefs, as well as the methods used in polling and gauging public sentiment. Get ready to dive into the intricacies of political attitudes in society.
