Political Culture and Ideology Quiz

Political Culture and Ideology

• Political Culture: A set of attitudes, beliefs, and feelings toward politics and government.
• Individualism: Emphasis on individual rights and importance.
• Free Enterprise: Economic system with private ownership and profit motive.
• Rule of Law: Concept that everyone, including institutions, is accountable to laws.
• Political Socialization: Process of learning political beliefs and values.
• Political Ideology: A set of beliefs about government goals and methods.
• Generational Effect: Influence of significant events on a generation's views.
• Life Cycle Effect: Political view changes as people age.
• Globalization: Increasing global interconnectedness of economics and cultures.
• Outsourcing: Employing external firms for tasks previously handled internally.

Public Opinion & Polling

• Focus Group: Small, diverse group to gauge reactions to issues, candidates, or ideas.
• Scientific Poll: Poll using scientific methods for a representative sample.
• Sample: Subset of the population selected for polling.
• Random Selection: Equal chance for each person to be selected.
• Representative Sample: A sample reflecting the population's characteristics.
• Weighting: Adjusting poll results to account for demographic factors (age, sex, race).
• Sampling Error: Difference between sample's results and the population's true opinions.
• Mass Survey: Large survey to capture broad population opinions.
• Entrance Survey: Poll taken as people enter an event.
• Exit Poll: Poll taken as people leave an event, often voting locations.
• Benchmark Poll: Initial poll providing baseline data for candidates or issues..
• Tracking Poll: Regularly conducted poll to follow public opinion shifts.
• Random Digit Dialing (RDD): Randomly generated phone numbers for a varied sample.
• Question Order: Sequence of poll questions influencing responses.
• Question Wording: Phrasing of questions, which can lead to biased answers.

Economic Policy & Ideology

• Political Ideology: Set of beliefs about what government should do and how it should function.
• Right vs. Privilege: The distinction between inherent rights and government-granted privileges.
• Party Identification: Alignment with a political party.
• Party Ideology: Core beliefs and principles of a political party.
• Conservatism: Political ideology favoring limited government involvement and traditional values.
• Liberalism: Political ideology supporting government action for addressing social problems and inequalities.
• Libertarianism: Political ideology emphasizing minimal government intervention.
• Laissez-Faire Economy: Minimal government regulation in business.
• Command-and-Control Economy: Government makes all economic decisions.
• Mixed Economy: Combination of private and public enterprise.
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Total value of goods and services in a country.
• Economic Recession: Period of economic decline.
• Unemployment Rate: Percentage of actively seeking employment but unable to find work.
• Inflation: General increase in prices for goods and services.
• Fiscal Policy: Government policies on taxation and spending.
• Federal Reserve System: The central banking system of the U.S.
• Monetary Policy: Federal Reserve's regulation of money supply and interest rates.
• Medicare: Federal health insurance for seniors.
• Medicaid: Federal healthcare for low-income individuals.
• Affordable Care Act (ACA): Healthcare reform law increasing affordable insurance options.

Political Parties

• Party Identification: Individual's affiliation with a political party.
• Party Platform: A set of principles, goals, and policies a party supports.
• Straight-Ticket Voting: Voting for candidates from the same party.
• Split-Ticket Voting: Voting for candidates from different parties.
• Realignment: Shift in political party dominance, often after a critical election.
• Critical Election: Election leading to a significant change in party control.
• Divided Government: When presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties.
• Third Parties: Political parties outside of the two major parties, often focusing on specific issues.

Civil Liberties & Rights

• Civil Liberties: Freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
• Civil Rights: Rights to equal treatment under the law.
• Bill of Rights: First ten amendments protecting civil liberties.
• Due Process: Legal requirement that government respects legal rights.
• Incorporation Doctrine: Applying Bill of Rights to the states.
• Selective Incorporation: Gradual application of Bill of Rights to states.
• Establishment Clause: First Amendment prohibiting establishment of an official religion.
• Free Exercise Clause: First Amendment protecting religious freedom.
• Lemon Test: Three-part test for government action violating Establishment Clause.
• Clear and Present Danger: Standard to limit speech due to potential harm.
• Prior Restraint: Government censorship before speech occurs.
• Symbolic Speech: Nonverbal communication conveying a message.
• Hate Speech: Speech inciting violence or discrimination.
• Slander: False spoken statements harming reputation.
• Libel: False written statements harming reputation.
• Fighting Words: Speech likely to provoke immediate violence.
• Writ of Habeas Corpus: Court order bringing prisoners before a judge.
• Ex Post Facto Law: Punishing actions retroactively.
• Bill of Attainder: Punishing individuals without trial.
• Exclusionary Rule: Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in court.

Civil Rights

• 13th Amendment: Abolished slavery.
• 14th Amendment: Granted equal protection, due process to all citizens.
• 15th Amendment: Prohibited voting restrictions based on race.
• 19th Amendment: Granted women the right to vote.
• Equal Protection Clause: Part of 14th Amendment requiring equal treatment.
• Civil Rights Cases (1883): Supreme Court ruling allowing discrimination by private businesses.
• NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
• Civil Rights Act of 1964: Prohibition of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
• De Jure Discrimination: Discrimination sanctioned by law.
• De Facto Discrimination: Discrimination resulting from social factors, not law.
• NOW: National Organization for Women.
• Equal Rights Amendment: Proposed amendment ensuring equal rights for women.
• Strict Scrutiny: Highest level of scrutiny for laws affecting fundamental rights.
• Equal Pay Act of 1963: Prohibits gender-based pay discrimination.
• Title IX: Prohibits sex-based discrimination in education.
• Affirmative Action: Policies aiming to increase opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups.

Court Cases (Chapter 8 & 9)

• Details of specific cases (Gitlow v. New York, Near v. Minnesota, Lemon v. Kurtzman, Engel v. Vitale, Schenck v. U.S., Brandenburg v. Ohio, NYT v. U.S., Texas v. Johnson, Tinker v. Des Moines, Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, Reynolds v. U.S., Wisconsin v. Yoder) are not included due to the format requirement of bullet points.

Test your knowledge on political culture, ideology, and public opinion. This quiz explores concepts such as individualism, rule of law, political socialization, and the impact of globalization. Understand how these elements shape views and beliefs within society.