Political Corruption and Economic Theories
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Questions and Answers

What does Dependency Theory primarily argue regarding underdevelopment?

  • Underdevelopment is caused by the exploitation of peripheral nations by core nations. (correct)
  • Underdevelopment results from an equal exchange between nations.
  • Underdevelopment is a result of internal cultural factors.
  • Underdevelopment is a natural progression of society.

    • Which of the following describes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?

  • Investment focused solely on purchasing raw materials from other countries.
  • Investment that does not seek to influence foreign businesses.
  • Investment made by one country for short-term gain only.
  • Investment that may involve acquiring businesses or assets in another country. (correct)

    • How does Modernization Theory view underdevelopment?

  • As primarily caused by external economic forces.
  • As an inevitable result of modern technologies.
  • As a necessary stage in the development process. (correct)
  • As an outcome of resource scarcity.

    • What is a significant consequence of landlocked countries being surrounded by economically unfavorable neighbors?

    <p>Difficulty in achieving economic growth and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes Multinational Corporations (MNCs)?

    <p>Large companies that have operations in multiple countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measurement is NOT used to assess educational global inequality?

    <p>Economic Growth Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the core nations as described in Dependency Theory?

    <p>They exploit resources from peripheral nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'spillover effect' refer to in economic development?

    <p>The beneficial impact experienced by neighboring regions due to development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dependency theory suggests that underdevelopment in poorer nations results from an unequal global economic system that benefits wealthy countries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multinational Corporations (MNCs) only operate within their home country.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is primarily focused on short-term investments with no lasting interest.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Underdevelopment is considered a natural stage of development according to Dependency Theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Educational global inequality includes disparities in access to and quality of education across different regions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Core nations produce low-value goods and rely on periphery nations for high-value products.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wealth of rich nations is often built on the exploitation of resources from poorer nations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Landlocked countries are not affected by the economic status of their neighboring countries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of periphery nations according to Dependency Theory?

    <p>They export low-value, primary goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?

    <p>It focuses on increasing control over foreign businesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Modernization Theory conceptualize underdevelopment?

    <p>As a temporary stage towards economic maturity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor magnifies the difficulties faced by landlocked countries?

    <p>Economic relations with conflict-ridden neighbors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'spillover effect' pertain to in economic contexts?

    <p>The benefits of economic growth spilling over from one region to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does educational global inequality primarily address?

    <p>The differences in education access and outcomes across various regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for countries that rely heavily on primary goods exports?

    <p>They often face economic vulnerability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Multinational Corporations (MNCs) is incorrect?

    <p>MNCs often focus solely on low-wage labor regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sophisticated Corruption Networks

    • Complex networks of corruption hinder development.

    Inadequate Whistleblower Protections

    • Weak protections for whistleblowers impede transparency and accountability.

    Low Civic Engagement: Collective Action Problem

    • Lack of civic engagement creates obstacles to collective action and progress.

    Modernization Theory vs. Dependency Theory

    • Modernization Theory: Argues underdevelopment is a stage in the modernization process, focusing on internal social, cultural, and economic transformations like industrialization, urbanization, and education.
    • Dependency Theory: Claims underdevelopment in poorer nations stems from unequal global economic systems favoring wealthier nations.

    Dependency Theory Details

    • Core and Periphery Nations: The core nations (wealthy) produce high-value goods, while periphery nations (poorer) export low-value raw materials and are exploited for cheap labor.
    • Unequal Exchanges: This relationship involves unequal trade, where the core imports low-value goods and exports high-value products, benefiting the core at the expense of the periphery.
    • "Development of Underdevelopment": The wealth of core nations is built on the exploitation and impoverishment of periphery nations; underdevelopment is a result, not an inherent stage.

    Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

    • FDI is when a company/individual from one country invests in a business in another, seeking lasting interest and influence.
    • It involves long-term investments and typically involves acquiring/establishing assets.

    Multinational Corporations (MNCs)

    • MNCs are large companies operating in multiple countries.
    • They have significant global operations.
    • Potential economic spillover effects.

    Landlocked Countries and Neighbors

    • Landlocked countries often rely on their neighbors for coastal access and economic linkages.
    • Neighboring countries, particularly those facing conflicts or economic stagnation, impact landlocked nation's development.

    Educational Global Inequality

    • Significant differences in educational access, quality, and outcomes around the world.
    • Measured by Literacy Rate, Enrollment Rates, and Average Years of Schooling.

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    Description

    Explore the complexities of corruption networks, the inadequacies of whistleblower protections, and the challenges of civic engagement. Additionally, delve into Modernization Theory and Dependency Theory to understand their implications on development and economic disparities.

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