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Questions and Answers
What role did the Governor play in the administrative system of Hong Kong during the early 20th century?
What role did the Governor play in the administrative system of Hong Kong during the early 20th century?
Which body was primarily responsible for discussing and examining policies with the Governor?
Which body was primarily responsible for discussing and examining policies with the Governor?
Who were the unofficial members of the Executive Council in Hong Kong's government structure?
Who were the unofficial members of the Executive Council in Hong Kong's government structure?
What was the primary function of the Legislative Council in Hong Kong's government structure?
What was the primary function of the Legislative Council in Hong Kong's government structure?
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Which position was responsible for formulating fiscal and economic policies in Hong Kong's early government structure?
Which position was responsible for formulating fiscal and economic policies in Hong Kong's early government structure?
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What was a key characteristic of the Governor's role in Hong Kong during the early 20th century?
What was a key characteristic of the Governor's role in Hong Kong during the early 20th century?
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Which statement accurately describes the political structure of Hong Kong's government during this period?
Which statement accurately describes the political structure of Hong Kong's government during this period?
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What was the primary function of the Sanitary Board established in 1883?
What was the primary function of the Sanitary Board established in 1883?
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Which best describes the appointment system for officials in early 20th century Hong Kong?
Which best describes the appointment system for officials in early 20th century Hong Kong?
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What was a consequence of the Governor needing to maintain good relations with British merchants?
What was a consequence of the Governor needing to maintain good relations with British merchants?
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What was a primary purpose of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals when it was founded?
What was a primary purpose of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals when it was founded?
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In what year was Chow Shouson appointed as the first Chinese unofficial member of the Executive Council?
In what year was Chow Shouson appointed as the first Chinese unofficial member of the Executive Council?
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What role did the District Watch Force serve when it was established?
What role did the District Watch Force serve when it was established?
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Which organization was founded in 1878 with the aim of caring for the young and protecting the innocent?
Which organization was founded in 1878 with the aim of caring for the young and protecting the innocent?
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How did the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals influence Chinese associations in China and overseas during strikes?
How did the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals influence Chinese associations in China and overseas during strikes?
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What was the main function of the District Watch Committee formed in 1891?
What was the main function of the District Watch Committee formed in 1891?
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In which year did the colonial government set up Chinese mutual-aid associations?
In which year did the colonial government set up Chinese mutual-aid associations?
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Which of the following best describes the role of Chinese merchants in the councils related to governance?
Which of the following best describes the role of Chinese merchants in the councils related to governance?
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Why did the British colonial government recruit Chinese elites in the late 19th century?
Why did the British colonial government recruit Chinese elites in the late 19th century?
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What was a key factor contributing to the British reliance on the Westernized Chinese elites?
What was a key factor contributing to the British reliance on the Westernized Chinese elites?
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Who was the first Chinese unofficial member of the Legislative Council?
Who was the first Chinese unofficial member of the Legislative Council?
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What was the outcome of the Guangdong-HK General Strike in 1925-26?
What was the outcome of the Guangdong-HK General Strike in 1925-26?
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What characterized the political system of Hong Kong from 1900 to 1941?
What characterized the political system of Hong Kong from 1900 to 1941?
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In 1926, who became the first Chinese unofficial member of the Executive Council?
In 1926, who became the first Chinese unofficial member of the Executive Council?
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What percentage of tax revenue was reportedly collected from the Chinese by the late 19th century?
What percentage of tax revenue was reportedly collected from the Chinese by the late 19th century?
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What was the primary role of the Colonial Secretariat in the context of Hong Kong's governance?
What was the primary role of the Colonial Secretariat in the context of Hong Kong's governance?
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What was the significance of the Peak District Reservation Ordinance passed in 1904?
What was the significance of the Peak District Reservation Ordinance passed in 1904?
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Which statement about Chinese political representation in Hong Kong during British rule is correct?
Which statement about Chinese political representation in Hong Kong during British rule is correct?
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What was one consequence of the English language being adopted as the official language in Hong Kong?
What was one consequence of the English language being adopted as the official language in Hong Kong?
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What was the main role of the Chinese associations during British rule in Hong Kong?
What was the main role of the Chinese associations during British rule in Hong Kong?
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During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, what type of governance was established?
During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, what type of governance was established?
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Who was appointed as the first Governor-General during the Japanese occupation?
Who was appointed as the first Governor-General during the Japanese occupation?
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Which statement accurately reflects the social exclusion faced by Chinese in Hong Kong?
Which statement accurately reflects the social exclusion faced by Chinese in Hong Kong?
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What was a key institutional change made in Hong Kong during the Japanese occupation?
What was a key institutional change made in Hong Kong during the Japanese occupation?
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What was the primary role of the Chinese in the District Bureaus during the Japanese occupation?
What was the primary role of the Chinese in the District Bureaus during the Japanese occupation?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the Japanese government structure in Hong Kong during the occupation?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Japanese government structure in Hong Kong during the occupation?
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What was the purpose of the Rehabilitation Advisory Committee established in 1942?
What was the purpose of the Rehabilitation Advisory Committee established in 1942?
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What was a key characteristic of the Chinese Representative Council during the Japanese occupation?
What was a key characteristic of the Chinese Representative Council during the Japanese occupation?
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What was one of the methods used by the Japanese to control the local population during the occupation?
What was one of the methods used by the Japanese to control the local population during the occupation?
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Which of the following best describes the rationing system enforced by the Japanese?
Which of the following best describes the rationing system enforced by the Japanese?
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What does Japanisation policy refer to during the occupation of Hong Kong?
What does Japanisation policy refer to during the occupation of Hong Kong?
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What was a significant consequence of the repatriation policy enforced by the Japanese?
What was a significant consequence of the repatriation policy enforced by the Japanese?
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Study Notes
Political and Institutional Changes in Hong Kong in the Early 20th Century
- The Governor was the head of the Hong Kong government, representing the British Crown
- The Governor was granted powers by Letters Patent and Royal Instructions
- The Governor chaired the Executive and Legislative Councils
- The Governor made final decisions and approved legislation
- The Governor acted as Commander-in-Chief of British forces in Hong Kong
- The Colonial Secretariat was the administrative system, headed by the Chief Secretary
- The Chief Secretary oversaw all administrative departments and the civil service
- The Financial Secretary managed government finances and economic policies
- The Attorney General advised on legal matters for all administrative departments
The Executive Council
- Headed by the Governor
- Composed of official and unofficial members
- Official members were appointed government officials
- Unofficial members were prominent social figures appointed by the Governor
The Legislative Council
- Headed by the Governor
- A law-making institution
- Examined and passed bills
- Controlled government expenditure
- Composed of official and unofficial members
- All members were appointed by the Governor
The Courts of Justice
- An independent judicial system
- Tried criminal cases prosecuted by the Attorney General and solved civil disputes
- Composed of the Supreme Court, District Court, and Magistrates' Court
- Final appeals could be made to the Privy Council of Britain
Factors Leading to Changes in Hong Kong
- Increasing economic strength of British merchants
- Increasing economic strength of Chinese merchants
- Growing population of Chinese in Hong Kong
- Need for British colonial government to incorporate Chinese elites
Power of Governor
- Held all executive power, all policies and decisions needed approval by Governor
- Held legislative power, no bills could become law without Governor's approval
- Held appointment power of government officials, judges, and justices of the peace
- Held judicial power as nominal commander of British forces, could grant pardons or reduce penalties
Constraints on Governor's Power
- Imposed by the British government, British government could appoint and dismiss Governor, high-ranking officials, etc
- Governor had to report work to London yearly
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Description
Explore the political and institutional changes in Hong Kong during the early 20th century. This quiz covers the roles and powers of the Governor, the structure of the Executive Council, and key administrative officials. Test your knowledge about how these changes shaped Hong Kong's governance.