Political Changes in Early 20th Century Hong Kong
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Questions and Answers

What role did the Governor play in the administrative system of Hong Kong during the early 20th century?

  • Head of the Colonial Secretariat
  • Leader of the Legislative Council
  • Commander-in-chief of the British Forces (correct)
  • Chair of the Executive Council (correct)
  • Which body was primarily responsible for discussing and examining policies with the Governor?

  • Legislative Council
  • Colonial Secretariat
  • Executive Council (correct)
  • Administrative Court
  • Who were the unofficial members of the Executive Council in Hong Kong's government structure?

  • Social elites appointed by the Governor (correct)
  • Elected representatives from the people
  • Members of the Legislative Council
  • Civil service department heads
  • What was the primary function of the Legislative Council in Hong Kong's government structure?

    <p>To examine and pass bills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position was responsible for formulating fiscal and economic policies in Hong Kong's early government structure?

    <p>Financial Secretary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key characteristic of the Governor's role in Hong Kong during the early 20th century?

    <p>The Governor always adhered to the advice of the Public Service Commission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the political structure of Hong Kong's government during this period?

    <p>The system featured checks and balances among different authorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of the Sanitary Board established in 1883?

    <p>To improve sanitary conditions in Hong Kong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the appointment system for officials in early 20th century Hong Kong?

    <p>It lacked representativeness and was controlled by the British government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the Governor needing to maintain good relations with British merchants?

    <p>The Governor often prioritized commercial interests over political stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary purpose of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals when it was founded?

    <p>To offer medical care and welfare services to the Chinese community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Chow Shouson appointed as the first Chinese unofficial member of the Executive Council?

    <p>1926</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the District Watch Force serve when it was established?

    <p>To remedy police force deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization was founded in 1878 with the aim of caring for the young and protecting the innocent?

    <p>Po Leung Kuk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals influence Chinese associations in China and overseas during strikes?

    <p>By persuading them to cease support for disruptive strikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main function of the District Watch Committee formed in 1891?

    <p>To advise on critical Chinese affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the colonial government set up Chinese mutual-aid associations?

    <p>1913</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of Chinese merchants in the councils related to governance?

    <p>They took up unofficial seats that allowed them to influence governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the British colonial government recruit Chinese elites in the late 19th century?

    <p>To assist in governance due to the economic strength of the Chinese.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key factor contributing to the British reliance on the Westernized Chinese elites?

    <p>The significant population of Chinese people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first Chinese unofficial member of the Legislative Council?

    <p>Ng Choy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Guangdong-HK General Strike in 1925-26?

    <p>It prompted the British to stabilize the political situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the political system of Hong Kong from 1900 to 1941?

    <p>Executive-led government with the Governor holding all powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1926, who became the first Chinese unofficial member of the Executive Council?

    <p>Chow Shouson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of tax revenue was reportedly collected from the Chinese by the late 19th century?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary role of the Colonial Secretariat in the context of Hong Kong's governance?

    <p>To hold the power of governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Peak District Reservation Ordinance passed in 1904?

    <p>It restricted Chinese residents from living in the Peak District.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Chinese political representation in Hong Kong during British rule is correct?

    <p>Chinese had limited representation in the councils with only few being nominated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of the English language being adopted as the official language in Hong Kong?

    <p>Chinese individuals were at a disadvantage in government interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main role of the Chinese associations during British rule in Hong Kong?

    <p>To manage welfare matters for the Chinese population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, what type of governance was established?

    <p>Martial law governed by military authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was appointed as the first Governor-General during the Japanese occupation?

    <p>Isogai Rensuke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the social exclusion faced by Chinese in Hong Kong?

    <p>Chinese were not allowed to inherit land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key institutional change made in Hong Kong during the Japanese occupation?

    <p>The formation of various ministries under military governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary role of the Chinese in the District Bureaus during the Japanese occupation?

    <p>They managed district affairs like food distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the Japanese government structure in Hong Kong during the occupation?

    <p>The area was divided into three zones, each with its own Bureau.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Rehabilitation Advisory Committee established in 1942?

    <p>To facilitate policy implementation to stabilize society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key characteristic of the Chinese Representative Council during the Japanese occupation?

    <p>It helped convey local concerns to Japanese rulers without power to influence policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the methods used by the Japanese to control the local population during the occupation?

    <p>Using military yen exclusively and banning HK dollar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the rationing system enforced by the Japanese?

    <p>Rationing limited rice purchases to around 240g daily per person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Japanisation policy refer to during the occupation of Hong Kong?

    <p>The adoption of Japanese symbols and governance structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the repatriation policy enforced by the Japanese?

    <p>The return of Hong Kong citizens to the mainland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Political and Institutional Changes in Hong Kong in the Early 20th Century

    • The Governor was the head of the Hong Kong government, representing the British Crown
    • The Governor was granted powers by Letters Patent and Royal Instructions
    • The Governor chaired the Executive and Legislative Councils
    • The Governor made final decisions and approved legislation
    • The Governor acted as Commander-in-Chief of British forces in Hong Kong
    • The Colonial Secretariat was the administrative system, headed by the Chief Secretary
    • The Chief Secretary oversaw all administrative departments and the civil service
    • The Financial Secretary managed government finances and economic policies
    • The Attorney General advised on legal matters for all administrative departments

    The Executive Council

    • Headed by the Governor
    • Composed of official and unofficial members
    • Official members were appointed government officials
    • Unofficial members were prominent social figures appointed by the Governor

    The Legislative Council

    • Headed by the Governor
    • A law-making institution
    • Examined and passed bills
    • Controlled government expenditure
    • Composed of official and unofficial members
    • All members were appointed by the Governor

    The Courts of Justice

    • An independent judicial system
    • Tried criminal cases prosecuted by the Attorney General and solved civil disputes
    • Composed of the Supreme Court, District Court, and Magistrates' Court
    • Final appeals could be made to the Privy Council of Britain

    Factors Leading to Changes in Hong Kong

    • Increasing economic strength of British merchants
    • Increasing economic strength of Chinese merchants
    • Growing population of Chinese in Hong Kong
    • Need for British colonial government to incorporate Chinese elites

    Power of Governor

    • Held all executive power, all policies and decisions needed approval by Governor
    • Held legislative power, no bills could become law without Governor's approval
    • Held appointment power of government officials, judges, and justices of the peace
    • Held judicial power as nominal commander of British forces, could grant pardons or reduce penalties

    Constraints on Governor's Power

    • Imposed by the British government, British government could appoint and dismiss Governor, high-ranking officials, etc
    • Governor had to report work to London yearly

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    Description

    Explore the political and institutional changes in Hong Kong during the early 20th century. This quiz covers the roles and powers of the Governor, the structure of the Executive Council, and key administrative officials. Test your knowledge about how these changes shaped Hong Kong's governance.

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