80 Questions
What is the primary method of transmission of Hepatitis E virus?
Through fecal-oral route
What is the purpose of giving rabies immune globulins in post-exposure prevention?
To provide passive immunity
What is unique about the transmission of Rotavirus?
It is resistant to stomach acid
What is the primary method of transmission of Hepatitis C virus?
Through contact with an infected person's blood
What type of vaccine is used to prevent Rotavirus infection?
Live reassortant vaccine
What is the primary route of transmission for poliovirus?
Fecal-oral route
What is the main difference between the Salk and Sabin vaccines for poliovirus?
The Salk vaccine is an inactivated vaccine, while the Sabin vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine
What is the primary site of infection for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?
Pharyngeal epithelium
What is the outcome of infection with hepatitis A virus in the liver?
The immune response, specifically cytotoxic T cells, causes hepatocellular injury
What is the significance of finding virus in stools in poliovirus infection?
It indicates infection, but not necessarily disease
What is the route of transmission for Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
Via sexual contact, perinatal infection, and transfusions
What is the advantage of the Sabin vaccine over the Salk vaccine?
The Sabin vaccine induces intestinal IgA and immunity of longer duration
What is the route of transmission for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
Via direct contact with virus vesicle and saliva
What is the common disease caused by Adenovirus?
Pharyngitis and pneumonia
What is the common disease caused by Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)?
Kaposi's sarcoma
What is the primary mode of transmission of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?
Through direct contact of skin and genital lesions
What is the role of the E6 and E7 proteins in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection?
They encode proteins that inhibit the activity of proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes
What is the purpose of the three serologic tests used in the laboratory diagnosis of Hepatitis B?
To detect the presence of Hepatitis B virus, as well as the immune response to it
What is the significance of the 'window' phase in Hepatitis B infection?
It is the period when the individual has neither detectable HBs antigen nor HBs antibody
Which of the following viruses is commonly associated with bronchiolitis and otitis media in children?
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
What is the outcome of 5% of Hepatitis B infections?
Chronic carrier state
What is the primary mode of transmission of Rubella Virus?
Respiratory droplets and across the placenta from mother to fetus
What is the unique feature of Rabies Virus replication?
Axonal transport up nerve to CNS
What type of vaccine is used to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella?
Live, attenuated vaccine
Which of the following viruses causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)?
Coronavirus
What is the capsid symmetry of the Measles virus?
Helical
What is the range of responses to poliovirus infection?
Inapparent, abortive, nonparalytic, and paralytic poliomyelitis
What is the replication strategy of the Rabies virus?
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA
What type of vaccine is used to prevent Enteroviruses?
Live attenuated vaccine
What is the primary transmission route of Hepatitis A virus?
Fecal-oral route
What is the characteristic of the RNA structure of Hepatitis B virus?
Single-stranded, linear, positive polarity
Which of the following is a medically important virus that belongs to the Picornavirus family?
Poliovirus
What is the characteristic of the RNA structure of Flavivirus?
Single-stranded, linear, positive polarity
What is the purpose of hyperimmune serum globulins in Hepatitis B prevention?
To provide passive immunity
What is the treatment for chronic Hepatitis B?
Alpha interferon and lamivudine
What is the primary mechanism of hepatocellular injury caused by Hepatitis C Virus?
Cytotoxic T cells
What is the primary function of PCR-based assay in detecting Hepatitis C Virus infection?
Evaluating whether active infection is present
What is the role of HBV in Hepatitis D Virus infection?
HBV is the helper virus for Hepatitis D
What is the mechanism of reverse transcription in Human Immunodeficiency Virus?
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase makes a DNA copy of the genome
What is the primary function of Alpha interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis?
Mitigate chronic hepatitis
What distinguishes C. albicans from other species of Candida?
both a and b
What type of immunity is affected in children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?
cell-mediated immunity
What is the habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans?
Soil
What is a characteristic of Cryptococcus neoformans?
It is heavily encapsulated
What is the primary route of transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans?
Inhalation of airborne yeast cells
What is the primary mode of transmission of Sporothrix schenckii?
Puncture wounds caused by rose thorns or other sharp objects
What is the natural habitat of Histoplasma capsulatum?
Soil enriched with bird droppings
What is the purpose of the skin test for Histoplasma capsulatum?
To determine if the patient has been infected
What is the characteristic of Coccidioides immitis?
It is a thermally dimorphic fungus
What is the disease caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis?
Blastomycosis
What is the characteristic of the yeast form of Candida albicans?
It produces pseudohyphae and hyphae when it invades tissue.
What is the primary mode of transmission of Paracoccidioidomycosis?
Inhalation of airborne spores
What is the predisposing factor for Thrush caused by Candida albicans?
Reduced cell-mediated immunity
What is the common site of infection for Candida albicans?
Moisture-damaged skin
What is the characteristic of the yeast form of thermally dimorphic fungi?
It has a single, broad-based bud and a thick, refractile wall.
What type of fungal hyphae does Aspergillus fumigatus have?
Septate hyphae
What is the primary mode of transmission of Aspergillus fumigatus?
Inhalation of airborne spores
What is the typical habitat of Mucor and Rhizopus species?
Soil
What is the primary disease caused by Mucor and Rhizopus species?
Mucormycosis
What is the characteristic feature of Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae?
Branch at a V-shaped angle
What is the primary component of the fungal cell wall?
Chitin
What is the characteristic of dimorphic fungi?
They can exist as either yeasts or molds depending on temperature
Which of the following fungal infections elicits a granulomatous host defense response?
Histoplasma
What is the effect of amanitin on cellular processes?
Inhibits RNA polymerase
What is the characteristic of the host defense response to Aspergillus infection?
Pyogenic response
What is the main function of KOH in a microscopic examination of fungal structures?
To dissolve human cells, allowing visualization of fungi
What is the primary mechanism of action of Amphotericin B in antifungal therapy?
Disruption of the integrity of fungal cell membranes
What is the type of hypersensitivity response caused by inhalation of spores of Aspergillus fumigatus?
IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity response
What is the role of aflatoxin in causing liver cancer?
It causes mutation in the p53 tumor suppressor protein
What is the purpose of Sabouraud's agar in laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections?
To inhibit the growth of bacteria
What is the primary function of keratinases produced by dermatophytes?
To break down keratin in human skin
What is the term used to describe a variety of lesions on the skin or scalp?
Tinea
What is the primary habitat of dermatophytes?
Human skin
What is the disease caused by Sporothrix schenckii?
Sporotrichosis
What is the term used to describe fungal infections of the nails?
Onychomycosis
What is the characteristic of Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton?
They are molds that use keratin as a nutritional source
What is the primary method of transmission of dermatophyte infections?
Direct contact with skin scales
What is the term used to describe fungal infections of the scalp?
Tinea capitis
What is the characteristic of fungal infections of the groin, perineum, or perianal area?
They are known as Tinea cruris
What is the primary site of infection for dermatophyte infections?
Outer layers of skin, hair, and nails
Learn about the transmission and replication of poliovirus, its symptoms, and the effects of infection on the central nervous system. Test your knowledge on the diagnosis and pathology of poliovirus infections.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
