Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is meant by 'Double Marginality' in the Black American experience?
What is meant by 'Double Marginality' in the Black American experience?
What percentage of local police officers today are minorities?
What percentage of local police officers today are minorities?
What are the Six Core Beliefs of police culture?
What are the Six Core Beliefs of police culture?
How were police officers of color treated when police agencies began to be integrated?
How were police officers of color treated when police agencies began to be integrated?
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What is a characteristic of minority police officers mentioned in the text?
What is a characteristic of minority police officers mentioned in the text?
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During the 70s, what major event was a catalyst for structural changes in Supreme Court decisions related to controlling police operations?
During the 70s, what major event was a catalyst for structural changes in Supreme Court decisions related to controlling police operations?
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In the 80s, what became a major focus for police unions leading to their growth?
In the 80s, what became a major focus for police unions leading to their growth?
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What was the significant impact of Rodney King's case in the 90s on the era of policing reform?
What was the significant impact of Rodney King's case in the 90s on the era of policing reform?
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Which major event led to federal agencies reorganizing their focus towards terrorism prevention in the 2000s?
Which major event led to federal agencies reorganizing their focus towards terrorism prevention in the 2000s?
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What is the primary role of the U.S. Department of Justice within the federal government?
What is the primary role of the U.S. Department of Justice within the federal government?
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What is the main difference between the crime fighter and the social agent police styles?
What is the main difference between the crime fighter and the social agent police styles?
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Which type of corrupt officer actively engages in misconduct for personal gain, such as demanding bribes or cooperating with criminals?
Which type of corrupt officer actively engages in misconduct for personal gain, such as demanding bribes or cooperating with criminals?
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What is a typical stressor faced by police officers according to the text?
What is a typical stressor faced by police officers according to the text?
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How can corruption in police departments be controlled based on the text?
How can corruption in police departments be controlled based on the text?
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Which Supreme Court case permits the use of deadly force to prevent a fleeing felon from escaping?
Which Supreme Court case permits the use of deadly force to prevent a fleeing felon from escaping?
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What characterizes the watchman police style mentioned in the text?
What characterizes the watchman police style mentioned in the text?
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What is typically called the warning given to individuals in custody and being interrogated?
What is typically called the warning given to individuals in custody and being interrogated?
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What is the purpose of a lineup in the legal context?
What is the purpose of a lineup in the legal context?
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What is the Exclusionary rule related to?
What is the Exclusionary rule related to?
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Which amendments are violated if the identification procedure is suggestive?
Which amendments are violated if the identification procedure is suggestive?
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What are the 3 major exceptions to the Exclusionary rule?
What are the 3 major exceptions to the Exclusionary rule?
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What information is typically included in a booking record?
What information is typically included in a booking record?
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What is the primary focus of private policing?
What is the primary focus of private policing?
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What technology is commonly used in private policing for surveillance?
What technology is commonly used in private policing for surveillance?
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Which policing style involves officers taking the initiative against crime proactively?
Which policing style involves officers taking the initiative against crime proactively?
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What system requires officers to spend a certain amount of time in each rank before moving up the administrative ladder?
What system requires officers to spend a certain amount of time in each rank before moving up the administrative ladder?
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What type of police operations involve deceiving criminals into committing illegal acts?
What type of police operations involve deceiving criminals into committing illegal acts?
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Which type of policing emphasizes proactive problem-solving over reactive crime-fighting?
Which type of policing emphasizes proactive problem-solving over reactive crime-fighting?
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What is one benefit of having educated police officers?
What is one benefit of having educated police officers?
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In what year was the first black officer hired in Washington D.C.?
In what year was the first black officer hired in Washington D.C.?
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Study Notes
Policing and Race
- Double marginality refers to the experience of Black Americans facing marginalization from both their own communities and the larger society.
- Currently, only 12% of local police officers are minorities.
Police Culture
- The Six Core Beliefs of police culture include:
- The assumption of danger
- Authority and maintaining social order
- Efficiency and speed
- Group loyalty
- Solidarity and brotherhood
- Suspicion of the public
Integrating Police Agencies
- When police agencies began to be integrated, police officers of color were often treated poorly, facing discrimination, and were relegated to lower-ranking positions.
Minority Police Officers
- One characteristic of minority police officers mentioned in the text is that they often feel pressure to conform to the dominant police culture.
Supreme Court Decisions
- The 1970s saw a major event that led to structural changes in Supreme Court decisions related to controlling police operations: the exclusionary rule.
Police Unions
- In the 1980s, police unions grew significantly, focusing mainly on collective bargaining and officer benefits.
Policing Reform
- The Rodney King case in the 1990s had a significant impact on the era of policing reform, highlighting issues of police brutality and racial profiling.
Federal Agencies
- The 2000s saw federal agencies reorganizing their focus towards terrorism prevention, following the 9/11 attacks.
U.S. Department of Justice
- The primary role of the U.S. Department of Justice within the federal government is to enforce federal laws and protect the rights of citizens.
Police Styles
- The main difference between the crime fighter and the social agent police styles is that crime fighters focus on law enforcement, while social agents focus on community service.
Police Corruption
- The mercenary officer is a type of corrupt officer that actively engages in misconduct for personal gain, such as demanding bribes or cooperating with criminals.
Police Stress
- A typical stressor faced by police officers according to the text is the fear of being accused of wrongdoing.
Controlling Corruption
- Corruption in police departments can be controlled by implementing strong leadership, clear policies, and accountability mechanisms.
Use of Deadly Force
- The Tennessee v. Garner Supreme Court case permits the use of deadly force to prevent a fleeing felon from escaping.
Watchman Police Style
- The watchman police style is characterized by a focus on maintaining social order and upholding traditional values.
Miranda Rights
- The typical warning given to individuals in custody and being interrogated is the Miranda warning, which informs them of their rights.
Lineups
- The purpose of a lineup in the legal context is to identify suspects through eyewitness testimony.
Exclusionary Rule
- The Exclusionary Rule is related to the use of illegally obtained evidence in court proceedings.
Identification Procedures
- The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments are violated if the identification procedure is suggestive.
Exclusionary Rule Exceptions
- The three major exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule are:
- Inevitable discovery
- Independent source
- Good faith
Booking Records
- A booking record typically includes information such as an individual's name, address, and charges.
Private Policing
- The primary focus of private policing is on profit-driven security services.
- Technology commonly used in private policing for surveillance includes CCTV cameras.
Policing Styles
- The proactive police style involves officers taking the initiative against crime proactively.
- The reactive police style involves responding to crime after it has occurred.
Police Operations
- Sting operations involve deceiving criminals into committing illegal acts.
- Community-oriented policing emphasizes proactive problem-solving over reactive crime-fighting.
Police Education
- One benefit of having educated police officers is that they are better equipped to handle complex situations and make informed decisions.
Police History
- The first black officer was hired in Washington D.C. in 1861.
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Description
Find out which police style personality you are: the crime fighter, the social agent, the law enforcer, or the watchman. Discover the working personalities adopted by police officers and see where you fit in.