Poiseuille's Law and Blood Flow
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes stroke volume (SV)?

  • The volume of blood remaining in the ventricles after systole
  • The volume of blood pumped per beat (correct)
  • The volume of blood in the ventricles during systole
  • The volume of blood in the ventricles during diastole

    • What is the equation for calculating stroke volume (SV)?

  • SV = ESV - EDV
  • SV = EDV + ESV
  • SV = ESV / EDV
  • SV = EDV - ESV (correct)

    • What is the average stroke volume (SV) per beat?

  • 90 mL
  • 20 mL
  • 110 mL
  • 70 mL (correct)

    • What is the phase before heart contractions called?

    <p>End-diastolic volume (EDV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase before heart release called?

    <p>End-systolic volume (ESV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects stroke volume (SV) by determining the degree of stretching experienced by the heart muscle cells during diastole?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Frank-Starling mechanism?

    <p>It increases stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating ejection fraction?

    <p>SV/EDV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for increasing heart rate?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

    <p>Q = SV x HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

    <p>MAP = ⅓ systolic + ⅔ Diastolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating pulse pressure?

    <p>PP = SBP - DBP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about resistance in blood vessels is correct?

    <p>Resistance increases when flow decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can cause vasodilation?

    <p>Increased shear stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations represents the relationship between flow rate, pressure, and resistance in blood vessels?

    <p>$Q = \frac{P}{R}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can cause an increase in blood flow to the active muscles during exercise?

    <p>Increased sympathetic nervous system activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about blood flow distribution is correct?

    <p>Blood flow to the upper body is higher than blood flow to the lower body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can cause an increase in blood pressure in the upper body during exercise?

    <p>More resistance in the upper body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about cardiac hypertrophy?

    <p>It is a result of the heart adapting to high blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents cardiac output (Q)?

    <p>Q = SV x HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the left ventricle being bigger than the right ventricle?

    <p>The left ventricle has to pump blood all over the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about stroke volume (SV)?

    <p>SV increases in trained athletes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a heart rate less than 60 bpm?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to capillarization with training?

    <p>Capillarization increases by 20-25%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the relationship between body size and stroke volume in males and females?

    <p>If males and females are the same size, males will have a larger stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the relationship between muscle mass and stroke volume in males and females?

    <p>Males always have more muscle mass than females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affect stroke volume?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum heart rate for males and females?

    <p>Males and females have the same maximum heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about blood clot formation?

    <p>Blood clot formation is decreased when exercising.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between adaptations ('trainability') in males and females?

    <p>Males have the same adaptations as females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stroke Volume (SV)

    • Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each contraction.
    • The equation for stroke volume (SV) is: SV = End Diastolic Volume (EDV) - End Systolic Volume (ESV).
    • Average stroke volume is approximately 70-100 mL per beat.
    • The phase before heart contractions is known as diastole.
    • The phase before heart releases blood is known as systole.
    • Preload affects stroke volume by determining the degree of stretching of heart muscle cells during diastole.

    Frank-Starling Mechanism

    • The Frank-Starling mechanism indicates that increased preload leads to increased stroke volume, up to a limit.

    Ejection Fraction

    • Ejection fraction can be calculated using the formula: EF = (SV / EDV) × 100%.

    Heart Rate Control

    • Sympathetic nervous system activation is responsible for increasing heart rate.
    • Cardiac output (CO) is calculated using the equation: CO = Stroke Volume (SV) × Heart Rate (HR).
    • Mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be calculated as: MAP = DBP + 1/3(SBP - DBP).
    • Pulse pressure is calculated using the formula: Pulse Pressure = Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) - Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP).

    Blood Vessel Resistance

    • Resistance in blood vessels is affected by vessel diameter, length, and blood viscosity.
    • Factors causing vasodilation include increased temperature, decreased oxygen, and nitric oxide.
    • The relationship between flow rate, pressure, and resistance can be represented as: Flow = Pressure / Resistance.

    Exercise and Blood Flow

    • Increased blood flow to active muscles during exercise is primarily due to increased blood vessel diameter and reduced vascular resistance.
    • Blood flow distribution changes to favor active muscle groups during exercise.

    Blood Pressure and Heart Structure

    • During exercise, blood pressure in the upper body may increase due to increased cardiac output and vascular resistance.
    • Cardiac hypertrophy occurs as the heart muscle thickens, usually as a result of increased workload.
    • The left ventricle is larger than the right ventricle to accommodate greater systemic circulation demands.

    Heart Rate

    • A heart rate less than 60 beats per minute is termed bradycardia.

    Training Adaptations

    • Capillarization improves with training, resulting in enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues.
    • Stroke volume varies between sexes, influenced by muscle mass and body size characteristics.
    • Blood clot formation is a complex process involving various factors including vessel injury, platelet aggregation, and clotting factors.
    • Adaptations to training might differ between males and females, impacting performance and recovery.

    Heart Rate Maximum

    • Maximum heart rate varies with age and can be estimated as 220 minus the individual's age for both males and females.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Poiseuille's Law and its influence on vessel diameter, pressure, flow, and resistance in this quiz. Explore the relationship between these factors and discover how changes in pressure and resistance impact blood flow.

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