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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of pneumonia in infants and children?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pneumonia in children?
What percentage of deaths in children under 5 years old is attributed to pneumonia?
Which physical examination finding may indicate severe respiratory distress in infants with pneumonia?
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How many children died globally from pneumonia in 2017?
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Study Notes
Pneumonia: A Leading Cause of Child Mortality
- Pneumonia is a major cause of death in children under 5 years old worldwide.
- In 2017, pneumonia resulted in 808,694 deaths globally, accounting for 15% of all deaths in this age group.
Causes of Pneumonia
- Pneumonia can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi.
Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia
- Cough: One of the most common symptoms of pneumonia.
- Fever: Elevated body temperature is a sign of infection.
- Tachypnoea: An increased respiratory rate, indicating the body is working harder to breathe.
- Nasal flaring: Widening of the nostrils during breathing, another indication of respiratory distress.
- Chest indrawing: The intercostal spaces (between the ribs) may sink in with each breath, a sign of difficulty breathing.
- Cyanosis: Blue discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygen.
Physical Examination Findings in Pneumonia
- Crackles/absent breath sounds: Abnormal sounds in the lungs heard on auscultation (listening with a stethoscope).
- Respiratory distress: Overall difficulty breathing, including rapid, shallow breathing, use of accessory muscles, and nasal flaring.
- Reduced saturations: Low levels of oxygen in the blood, which can be measured with a pulse oximeter.
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Description
Explore the global impact of pneumonia as a leading cause of child mortality. This quiz covers the causes, key signs, and symptoms of pneumonia in children under 5 years and highlights critical physical examination findings. Test your knowledge on this vital health issue affecting millions of children worldwide.
