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Questions and Answers
Which of the following pathogens is most likely to cause atypical pneumonia?
Which of the following pathogens is most likely to cause atypical pneumonia?
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae (correct)
A patient develops pneumonia 72 hours after being admitted to the hospital. This is most likely classified as:
A patient develops pneumonia 72 hours after being admitted to the hospital. This is most likely classified as:
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
- Aspiration pneumonitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) (correct)
Which of the following is a common cause of typical bacterial pneumonia?
Which of the following is a common cause of typical bacterial pneumonia?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (correct)
- Legionella species
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Coronavirus
A patient with Parkinson's disease is admitted with pneumonia. Which of the following is most likely a predisposing factor in this case?
A patient with Parkinson's disease is admitted with pneumonia. Which of the following is most likely a predisposing factor in this case?
Influenza virus is most associated with which type of pneumonia?
Influenza virus is most associated with which type of pneumonia?
Which type of pneumonia involves the inflammatory response primarily focused on the lung tissues surrounding the airspaces?
Which type of pneumonia involves the inflammatory response primarily focused on the lung tissues surrounding the airspaces?
A patient who has been on a ventilator for five days develops pneumonia. Which classification best fits this scenario?
A patient who has been on a ventilator for five days develops pneumonia. Which classification best fits this scenario?
Which of the following is a likely predisposing factor for pneumonia across various patient populations?
Which of the following is a likely predisposing factor for pneumonia across various patient populations?
Which of the following is the least common cause of pneumonia?
Which of the following is the least common cause of pneumonia?
A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia that affects an entire lobe of the lung. This is best described as:
A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia that affects an entire lobe of the lung. This is best described as:
Flashcards
Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma, commonly caused by infectious agents.
Typical Bacterial Pneumonia
Typical Bacterial Pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by bacteria such as S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Staphylococcus aureus. Often affects a lobe.
Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical Pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by agents like Legionella spp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Chlamydophila pneumoniae, often presenting as interstitial pneumonia.
Viral Pneumonia
Viral Pneumonia
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Lobar Pneumonia
Lobar Pneumonia
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Bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
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Interstitial Pneumonia
Interstitial Pneumonia
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
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Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)
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Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
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Study Notes
- Pneumonia is an inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma, commonly caused by infectious agents.
Etiological Classes
- Bacterial pneumonia is divided into typical (lobar or bacterial pneumonia, about 50%) and atypical (interstitial pneumonia, 20-28%).
- Typical bacterial pneumonia is commonly caused by S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A streptococci, Moraxella catarrhalis, anaerobes, and aerobic gram-negative bacteria.
- Atypical bacterial pneumonia is commonly caused by Legionella spp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and C. psittaci.
- Viral pneumonia is commonly caused by Influenza virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus, Adenovirus, Coronavirus (SARS, MERS, COVID 19).
- Other causes of pneumonia include Rickettsial infections, Varicella, Rubella, Aspiration pneumonitis, Lipoid pneumonitis, Pneumocystis carinii, Cytomegalovirus, Tuberculosis, and Fungal infections.
Anatomical Classes
- Lobar pneumonia involves one or more entire lobes.
- Segmental pneumonia involves a segment of a lobe.
- Bronchopneumonia involves the terminal bronchial and alveoli.
- Interstitial pneumonia, also called reticular pneumonia, involves inflammatory response within the lung tissues surrounding the airspaces.
Clinical Classes
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is acquired outside the hospital or extended-care facility.
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) develops ≥ 48 hours after admission.
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) develops ≥ 48 hours after endotracheal intubation.
Predisposing Factors
- Immunosuppressed patients are at higher risk.
- Cigarette smoking increases the risk of pneumonia.
- Difficult swallowing (due to stroke, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, or other neurological conditions) is a risk factor.
- Frequent suctioning is a risk factor.
- Impaired consciousness (dementia, stroke, other neurological conditions) increases risk.
- Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchiectasis) is a predisposing factor.
- Other serious illnesses such as heart disease, liver cirrhosis, and DM are risk factors.
- Recent cold, laryngitis, or flu can predispose individuals to pneumonia.
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