Plumbing Basics

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Basic Principles of Plumbing

• All premises used for human habitation need a pure and wholesome water supply.
• This water supply must be free from connections to unsafe water sources and protected from backflow or back-siphonage.
• Plumbing fixtures must have sufficient water volume and pressure for satisfactory use, without causing excessive noise under normal conditions.
• Plumbing should be designed to minimize water usage while maintaining proper performance and cleaning.
• Devices used for heating and storing water require design and installation practices that prevent explosions from overheating.
• Every building with plumbing fixtures intended for human use must connect to the sewer system if it abuts a street, alley, or easement with a public sewer.
• Each family dwelling connected to a sewer or private sewage system should have at least one water closet and one kitchen-type sink installed.
• A lavatory as well as a bathtub or shower must be installed to meet basic sanitation and hygiene requirements.
• Plumbing fixtures must be made from smooth, non-absorbent materials.
• Fixtures should be free from concealed fouling surfaces and be located in ventilated enclosures.
• Drainage systems require design and construction to prevent fouling, solid deposits, and clogging.
• Systems must contain cleanouts placed to allow for easy pipe cleaning.
• All plumbing system pipes must consist of durable, NAMPAP-approved materials.
• Pipes should be free from defective workmanship and designed/constructed by registered master plumbers.
• Each fixture connected to the drainage system must equip a water-sealed trap.
• Drainage piping systems should be able to provide adequate air circulation.
• Systems need to eliminate siphoning, aspiration, or the forcing of trap seals during regular operation.
• Vent terminals must extend to open air and be installed to prevent clogging and return of foul air into buildings.
• Plumbing systems require testing to find any leaks or defects in workmanship.
• Substances able to clog pipes, create explosive mixtures, damage pipes/joints, or interfere with sewage-disposal cannot enter the building's drainage system.
• Systems need protection to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods, or similar materials due to sewage backflow.
• Fixtures, devices, or appliances require indirect connections to the building drainage system when needed.
• Water closets require proper lighting and ventilation
• If water closets/plumbing fixtures are installed where there isn't a sewer nearby, sewage disposal requires use of accepted sewage treatment methods, like a septic tank.
• When a plumbing drainage system is subject to sewage backflow, prevent building overflow must be prevented by using a suitable provision.
• Plumbing systems must undergo maintenance for serviceable condition by registered master plumbers.
• All plumbing fixtures need proper spacing to allow accessible for their intended use.
• Registered master plumbers must install plumbing with consideration structural members and the prevention of damage to walls/other surfaces through fixture usage.
• Sewage or waste materials from a plumbing system deleterious to surface/sub-surface waters require treatment prior to discharge into the ground or waterways.

Chapter 3: General Regulations

• Plumbing fixtures/devices require a sufficient water volume at a suitable pressure.
• Effective and quiet plumbing performance is necessary.
• The code requirements/applications must comply with mandatory code.
• Plumbing systems must be tested to accurately find leaks and technical issues.
• Chapter 3 and its regulations aim to protect public health and safety requires that plumbing systems be planned, installed, and maintained properly.
• Section 301 covers the disposal of wastewaters.
• Section 302 concerns the grade of horizontal drainage piping.
• Section 303 contains changes in direction of drainage flow.
• Section 304 has connections to plumbing system requirements.

Chapter 4: Plumbing Fixtures

• Information is available on acceptable and forbidden fixture types
• Materials must meet Philippine national standards for quality and safety.
• Proper security, space, and height should be maintained to provide user comfort and accessibility.
• Fixtures require regular service to ensure cleanliness and prevent leaks.
• Chapter 4 aims to ensure that plumbing fixtures are safe, durable, efficient, and accessible to promote the users overall health, safety, and comfort.
• Section 401 and 402 covers materials.
• Section 403 specifies overflows.
• Section 404 describes strainers and connections.
• Station 405 defines prohibited fixtures.

Chapter 5: Inspection and Testing

• New plumbing work and modifications to existing systems must be inspected.
• Inspections ensure compliance with the code.
• Property owners/agents are responsible for maintaining plumbing and drainage systems in a sanitary and safe condition.
• Additional facilities, repairs, or alterations must be implemented if plumbing systems pose danger
• Sanitation and safety requirements need to be followed as ordered ordered the plumbing authority.
• Chapter 5 ensures properly inspected, maintained, and tested plumbing systems to comply with safety and sanitation standards
• It protects public health and property.
• Section 501 concerns inspection and testing.
• Section 502 describes maintenance.
• Section 503 contains existing construction.
• Section 504 specifies health and safety.

Chapter 6: Water Supply and Distribution

• All buildings must have an adequate supply of potable running water.
• Hot water is typically supplied on the left, and cold water is supplied on the right of fixtures.
• Connections that allow contaminated water to enter the potable system are prohibited.
• The authority needs to approve and install backflow prevention devices.
• Backflow prevention assemblies, such as air gaps and check valves, must be used to protect water the supply
• An air gap is the vertical distance between a potable water outlet and a fixture's flood-level rim.
• Approved materials include copper and wrought copper fittings.
• Ferrous pipes need protective coating
• Underground piping requires inspection before covering.
• Pipe sizing depends on demand, pressure loss, and fixture units, with a minimum diameter of 19 mm.
• Backflow prevention devices must be included in pressure calculations.
• The code ensures contamination free, efficient, and demand meeting standards for potable water.
• Section 601 covers running water requirements.
• Section 602 contains unlawful connections.
• Section 603 specifies cross-connection control.
• Sections 604 - 608 describe materials and installation.
• Section 609 defines the sizing of potable water piping.

Chapter 7

• Drainage systems are designed for efficiency, durability, and hygiene.
• Proper materials, pipe sizing, slopes, and maintenance access points are mandates to prevent plumbing issues and protect public health.
• Section 701 covers materials.
• Section 702 describes fixture unit equivalents.
• Section 703 specifies drainage pipe size and slope.
• Sections 704 - 705 contain fixture connections and direction changes.
• Section 706 details cleanouts.
• Section 708 explains gravity drainage requirements.
• Section 709 covers fixtures below sewer level.
• Section 710 describes suds relief.

Chapter 8

• Wastewater is safely discharged without contaminating plumbing systems.
• Enforcing proper drainage design and maintenance protects public health, prevents plumbing failures, and ensures environmental safety.
• Section 801 covers indirect waste requirements.
• Sections 803 - 804 contain indirect waste piping and receptors.
• Section 805 describes pressure drainage connections.
• Sections 806 - 807 specify sterile equipment and appliances.
• Section 814 has the combination of waste and vent systems.
• Section 815 defines the direct waste to ground.

Chapter 9: Vents and Venting

• Plumbing fixture traps need protection using vents for sinks, vent piping are able to be omitted by interceptors).
• Minimum vent sizing requires 1 1/4 inches or ½ the drain size with a total vent area that matches with the largest sewer.
• Vent installation has to slope for drainage, connect at invert level, and long horizontal runs must be avoided.
• Vent termination needs to extend at least 150 mm (millimeters) above the roof and 3 meters from openings to allow for weatherproofing.
• Chapter 9 focuses on providing appropriate ventilation
• It goes over vent materials, sizing, installation, and termination
• Sections 901 and 902 describe vent requirements.
• Sections 904 and 910 define vent sizing.
• Section 905 covers vent installation.
• Section 906 is about vent termination.

Chapter 10: Traps and Interceptors

• All plumbing fixtures must have traps.
• Traps prevent sewer gases from entering.
• One trap can serve for multiple sinks.
• Food waste disposal units need with separate traps.
• Traps need to be self-cleaning.
• Approved trap materials are ABS, cast brass, iron, lead, PVB, or any approved materials.
• Certain greases traps and intercepts are needed for industrial kitchens and such who handle grease, oil, and heavy solids.
• Chapter 10 describes trap and intercept requirements, their installation, maintenance, and it focuses on guaranteeing functionality and cleanliness.
• Section 1001 defines the traps that are needed.
• Section 1003 details trap descriptions.
• Sections 1008 & 1011 specify what grease traps and intercepts are to be made.

Chapter 11: Storm Drainage System

• Stormwater is properly managed to protect buildings, infrastructure, and public health by preventing contamination, water damage, and flooding.
• These regulations contribute to sustainable progress and environmental protection when it comes to urban areas.
• The chapter ensures that these regulations are contributing to urban planning while protecting the environment.
• Sections 1101-1102 covers system design and installation.
• Section 1103. Materials, Roof drains and gutters.
• Section 1104. Pipe sizing.

Chapter 12: House Drains and Sewers

• Plumbing with buildings requires connecting to public sewage.
• Private sewage needs to have 61 meters with the nearest A public center/building.
• Damage can occur through discharged items such as hazardous items from plumbing systems; septic tanks and cesspools must disconnect from public sewers.
• Materials of a drain are to be approved
• The drains need to have a proper slope of at least 2% and have proper supporting.
• These must allow accessible and be placed at 15-meter intervals for cleaning.
• In system abandonment this required soil, sand, and gravel to be filled and enclosed for proper sewer system termination.
• Wastewater disposal needs efficient and safe disposal methods within the system.
• Section 1201 covers, that sewers are needed.
• Section 1202 Damage of the disposal of sewer.
• Section 1203 and 1206 covers for sewer specifics.
• Section 1207 focuses on, cleanouts.
• Section 1210 and 1210 goes over abandonment of the sewer.

Chapter 14

• Plumbing materials must be up to code.
• Quality, and durability materials are a.
• There is minimum criteria based on strength/durability.
• Materials must be tested.
• The test will be to show durability/usage rating.
• Buildings systems have improving standards.
• Hence building safer infrastructure.
• Section 1401 is, to maintain minimum.
• Section1402 goes over pipe size.
• Section 1403 talks of copper tubing.
• Section 1404 goes over issues with lead exposure.

Department Order No. 13: Construction Safety and Health in the Construction Industry

• Protection of workers in construction.
• Protecting the public.
• Employer-employee relationships.
• Has exclusive power for safety protocol.
• Setting/enforcing/reducing standards .
• Administer/enforce local/national.
• Authority may be delegated for enforcement.
• Authority to conduct safety audits of their area/cities.
• This applies for all of construction from building, to engineering to specialty.
• Follows standard from the Philippine Construction.
• Covers to DOLE works.
• A CSHP is a must and needs to have set of rules.
• Required or for a set of accidents for projects.
• The project needs a manager to uphold or rules, order.
• An ACHA is must created before starting build.
• Waste is need to disposed properly.
• Project manager is submittal needed.
• Bureau is needed to approve the rules, DOLE.
• These costs should in the project.
• PPA are tools of protection for those working.
• Employers pay for these equipment or for safety.
• The workers need to be protected.
• PPA is required, workers need to use these items.
• Must has all approved things.
• Must has at least 6 cm to not be unguarded.
• Need special protective clothing.
• PPA to be used for that areas for authorized personnel.
• Safty to ensure to for the plans.
• Meeting personnel safety regulations needed.
• The officer has those plans in order.
• Has over seen inspection.
• A required officer had needed.
• The officers increase at the site.
• Officer per ten is standard with those pieces.
• The are of representatives for each section of sub.
• Certified Aider if fewer number/nurse.
• If in higher numbers.
• Doctors, need to to registered.
• Access for hospitals or rooms is a must.
• Employers are to have inventory of items.
• Promote for those to read to what danger was present.
• Those have a signages for those with personal to use.
• Are of fall issues.
• Areas where tripping could happen.
• Equipment.
• Fire equipment.
• Usage of construction.
• Updating on loss with hours.
• Use tesda/certified.
• Tested or tested and certified.
• With equipment DOLE standards is a must.
• Must have the use with equipment.
• Has DPAH.
• Tesda, must have proper inspection to standards.
• Operators needs those thing.
• Dismally same rules is to be followed.
• Manager over inspections , safety.
• Subcontractors safety rep's.
• Doctor’s, and nurses, all for members of inspection plan.
• Plan to develop safety for accident with over seen.
• The DOLR report and assist in giving assistance.
• Organizes with safety training and disaster.
• Workers has general training.
• Safety is seminar is a must.
• Daily tool box.
• Info on what is needed.
• Training by those or languages is a must.
• Needed is 40 Hours by the bureau or workers.
• Includes provisions for those as.
• Safety personnel is must finished and.
• Needs to approve the personnel.
• Full has that with 16 hours per year.
• To report in writing needed DOLE certified personnel , the board .
• Monthly safety summary.
• Reports of to check if it’s working.
• Has the equipment.
• The board with skills, for testings with national accreditation.
• Tesda accreditation has to be standard to follow or.
• Tesda and for critical need these people.
• Affecting is endangering the environment with and for workers.
• Jobs require learning for education.
• Jobs involvement of tools .
• Workers is a needed accommodation , drinking water and facility for for for washing equipment.
• Safe is needed and what to do with the containers.
• Sanitary facilities is needed.
• Accommodation is needed.
• Separating workers is must.
• Pay item is for a safety check with those needs.
• It should be integrated and check listed.
• All in a. are of set of the standards.
• That can’t make those that are not .
• Takes affects when .it issued.
• A test when something is used.
• Times is the resistance to fire testing.

Sections

• 501: Areas within those that allows type those buildings use the occupancy with standard to testing of rating of testing.
• Prevent those hazards.
• Testing areas that have high density and require testing to prevent spreads and to the building itself.
• Zones for testing to contain those in place for a.
• The zones have strict equipment or that have with testing fire for is for.
• There is high density and require spaces to test .

Section 502 - 507

• That that are that fall, is for the most needs the most needs the that is.
• That with testing of the best for materials.
• What should the is for building safety or test it testings to check is for steel is can make
• Structure’s are with with or structure need those testing .
• That building for public can with be the best to give.
• Of this with building.
• From have and test.

Section 601 - 604

• To how well materials can withstand fire with of.
• How the time period for the steel can and test.
• 20% or fire rated.
• Has to separate from testing of test on.
• To see if steel has and will it and will test .
• Needs materials to to see the flame safety.