Pleural Layers and Cavities

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Questions and Answers

Damage to which structure would directly impair the lubrication between the lung and the thoracic wall?

  • Visceral pleura
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Parietal pleura (correct)
  • Parietal pericardium

A surgeon needs to access the lung through the thoracic wall. Which layer of the parietal pleura must be incised first?

  • Diaphragmatic pleura
  • Mediastinal pleura
  • Costal pleura (correct)
  • Cervical pleura

A patient presents with difficulty breathing due to fluid accumulation near the diaphragm. Which part of the parietal pleura is MOST likely affected?

  • Mediastinal pleura
  • Cervical pleura
  • Diaphragmatic pleura (correct)
  • Costal pleura

If the pleural cavity were to become blocked, which of the following would be MOST directly affected?

<p>Lung lubrication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the functional role of the pulmonary ligament?

<p>Facilitating movement of the lung root during respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgical procedure requires minimizing restriction on the movement of the structures entering and exiting the lung at the hilum. Which anatomical feature is MOST relevant to this objective?

<p>Pulmonary ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a diagnostic procedure, a physician needs to access the MOST dependent space in the pleural cavity to aspirate accumulated fluid. Which anatomical location should the physician target?

<p>Costodiaphragmatic recess (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chest X-ray reveals an enlarged recess along the anterior border of the left lung. Which recess is MOST likely affected?

<p>Costomediastinal recess (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an anatomy lab, a student is asked to identify the inferior extent of the pleura in the thoracic cavity. At which vertebral level would the pleura MOST likely end?

<p>12th rib (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lesion impairs blood supply to the visceral pleura. Which of the following arteries is MOST likely affected?

<p>Bronchial artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports experiencing sharp pain with each breath. Which nerve is MOST likely transmitting these pain signals from the parietal pleura?

<p>Somatic sensory nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with pleurisy reports experiencing intense pain. Which specific layer of the pleura is MOST likely responsible for this sensation?

<p>Parietal pleura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a physical examination, a doctor notes that the apex of a patient's lung is bulging upwards more than expected. Which structure is MOST likely compromised?

<p>Suprapleural membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A trauma patient has an injury affecting the structural support at the thoracic inlet. Which vertebral attachment of the suprapleural membrane is MOST likely involved?

<p>C7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An analysis of fluid aspirated from the pleural cavity is performed. What type of fluid is normally found in this space?

<p>Serous fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the MOST likely consequence of having significantly less serous fluid than normal in the pleural cavity?

<p>Increased friction between the visceral and parietal pleura (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tumor is found to be impinging on the apex of the lung. Which portion of the pleura is MOST likely directly affected by this tumor?

<p>Cervical pleura (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon is preparing to operate in the area of the thoracic inlet. Understanding the anatomy of this region, what geometric shape MOST accurately approximates the shape of the suprapleural membrane?

<p>Triangular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a mediastinoscopy, which portion of the pleura is MOST likely visualized?

<p>Mediastinal pleura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the lungs to function efficiently, what is the MOST critical role of serous fluid within the pleural cavity?

<p>Reducing friction between the parietal and visceral pleura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Visceral Pleura

Covers the lungs directly.

Costal Parietal Pleura

Lines the thoracic wall.

Diaphragmatic Pleura

Covers the diaphragm.

Pleural Cavity Function

Lubricates lung surfaces, allowing smooth movement during breathing.

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Pulmonary Ligament

Formed by parietal and visceral pleura fusion; allows free lung root movement.

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Costodiaphragmatic Recess

Most dependent part of the pleural cavity, common site for fluid accumulation.

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Costomediastinal Recess

Anterior recess, larger on the left due to the cardiac notch.

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Pleura Inferior Border

Inferior border of the pleura ends at this rib.

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Bronchial Artery

Supplies the visceral pleura with blood.

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Somatic Sensory Nerves

Supplies the parietal pleura; sensitive to pain.

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Suprapleural Membrane

Prevents apex bulging, attaches to C7 vertebra.

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Pleural Fluid Volume

Approximate serous fluid volume in pleural cavity is?

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Cervical Pleura

Covers the apex of the lung.

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Mediastinal Pleura

Covers the mediastinum.

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Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleura, causing chest pain.

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Pleural Tap Purpose

Removes excess fluid from the pleural cavity.

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During Pleural Tap

Avoid intercostal artery damage by inserting needle along upper rib border in Pleural tap.

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Study Notes

Pleural Layers

  • The visceral pleura directly covers the lungs.
  • The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall as the costal pleura.
  • The diaphragmatic pleura covers the diaphragm.
  • The cervical pleura covers the apex of the lung.
  • The mediastinal pleura covers the mediastinum.

Pleural Cavity

  • The pleural cavity's primary function is to lubricate the lung surfaces.
  • It contains 5-10 ml of serous fluid.

Pulmonary Ligament

  • The pulmonary ligament is formed by the fusion of the parietal and visceral pleura.
  • It allows free movement of the root of the lung.

Pleural Recesses

  • The costodiaphragmatic recess is the most dependent part of the pleural cavity, where pleural effusions typically accumulate.
  • The costomediastinal recess is larger in the left lung due to the cardiac notch.
  • The costodiaphragmatic recess is located where the costal and diaphragmatic pleura meet.
  • The costomediastinal recess is located where the costal and mediastinal pleura meet and runs along the anterior border of the lung.

Pleural Extent

  • The inferior border of the pleura ends at the 12th rib.

Pleural Blood Supply

  • The visceral pleura is supplied by the bronchial artery.

Nerve Supply

  • The parietal pleura is supplied by somatic sensory nerves and is sensitive to pain.
  • The visceral pleura is supplied by the autonomic nervous system.

Suprapleural Membrane

  • The suprapleural membrane prevents upward bulging of the lung apex.
  • It attaches to the C7 vertebra.
  • It has a triangular shape.

Pleural Conditions

  • Pleurisy is the inflammation of the pleura.
  • A pleural tap (thoracentesis) removes excess fluid from the pleural cavity, typically performed at the 6th intercostal space.
  • During a pleural tap, the intercostal artery is avoided by inserting the needle along the upper border of the rib.

Costal Pleura

  • The costal pleura covers the costal cartilage.

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