Pleura and Pleural Space

The pleura is a single-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity.

The visceral pleura lines the chest cavity.

The pleural fluid is produced by the lymphatic system.

The pleura facilitates breathing by increasing friction between the lungs and chest wall.

Pleurisy is a condition characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural space.

The pleural space is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura.

Pleural effusion is a condition characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural space.

The blood vessels and nerves that supply the lungs are contained in the parietal pleura.

Structure and Function

The pleura is a thin, double-layered membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity.
It is composed of:
- Visceral pleura: covers the lungs
- Parietal pleura: lines the chest cavity
The pleura produces a small amount of fluid that allows the lungs to slide smoothly against the chest wall during breathing.

Functions

Facilitates breathing by reducing friction between the lungs and chest wall
Aids in lung expansion and contraction
Contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the lungs

Pleural Space

The space between the visceral and parietal pleura
Normally contains a small amount of fluid (pleural fluid)
Allows for smooth movement of the lungs during breathing

Pleural Fluid

A clear, protein-rich fluid that fills the pleural space
Produced by the pleura and removed by the lymphatic system
Helps to reduce friction and allows for smooth lung movement

Clinical Significance

Pleural effusion: accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural space, can be caused by various conditions such as pneumonia, heart failure, or cancer
Pneumothorax: accumulation of air in the pleural space, can cause the lung to collapse
Pleurisy: inflammation of the pleura, can cause chest pain and difficulty breathing

Learn about the structure and function of the pleura, the pleural space, and the clinical significance of pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and pleurisy. Understand how the pleura facilitates breathing and lung movement.