Plants: Organisation and Vascular Structures

Questions and Answers

Which structure is responsible for protecting the apical meristem of the root from abrasion?

Root cap (correct)

Root hairs

Cotyledons

Vascular tissue

What type of roots arise from the base of a young stem when the radical does not persist?

Tap roots

Adventitious fibrous roots (correct)

Plumules

Lateral roots

What function do root hairs serve in the context of root structure?

Store nutrients

Support the plant structure

Protect the root from soil pathogens

Absorb water and minerals (correct)

What process occurs at the apical meristem that contributes to root growth?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of a seed in flowering plants?

Testa, radicle, and endosperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stem in plants?

Support and transport Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes terminal buds from axillary buds?

Terminal buds are located at the ends of stems. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the process of food storage in roots?

Roots store food as sugars or starch for future use. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for the region of the stem where leaves attach?

Node Signup and view all the answers

How do roots contribute to vegetative propagation?

By generating identical new plants from the parent. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the stem is primarily involved in the upward transport of water and minerals?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

What is the internode in plant anatomy?

The section of the stem between two nodes. Signup and view all the answers

What role do axillary buds play in plant growth?

They typically remain dormant but can form side stems or branches. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phloem in plants?

Transporting food and materials Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the leaf is responsible for capturing light for photosynthesis?

Lamina Signup and view all the answers

How do monocot leaves differ from dicot leaves in their vein structure?

Monocots have parallel veins, while dicots have branched veins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stomata in plant leaves?

Gas exchange and transpiration Signup and view all the answers

What role do flowers play in plant reproduction?

They serve as the organ of sexual reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

In what way do the structures of large, brightly colored flowers benefit plants?

They attract pollinators. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the axillary bud in relation to the leaf's petiole and stem?

It forms new plants at the axil. Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant tissue is responsible for protective outer covering?

Dermal tissue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Structure of Flowering Plants

Seeds consist of an embryo surrounded by a testa (seed coat), vital for germination.
The embryo contains cotyledons, plumule, radicle, and possibly endosperm.
Germination requires adequate water, oxygen, and suitable temperature.

Roots

A persistent radicle forms a tap root with lateral roots, e.g., carrots.
If the radicle does not persist, adventitious fibrous roots arise, seen in grasses.
Root growth involves the apical meristem, which protects and lubricates the root tip via the root cap.
Cells from the apical meristem elongate, forming root hairs for water and mineral absorption.
Vascular tissue differentiates into xylem (water transport) and phloem (food transport).
Roots anchor the plant, facilitate mineral uptake, store food, and support vegetative propagation.

Leaves

Typical leaf structure includes a petiole and a lamina with vascular bundles forming veins.
Monocots have parallel veins; dicots exhibit branched veins with a prominent midrib.
Leaves primarily function in photosynthesis, food storage, and excretion of metabolic waste.

Flowers

Flowers serve as reproductive organs, attracting pollinators with color and scent.
Wind-pollinated flowers tend to be smaller and less colorful.

Plant Tissue Types

Dermal Tissue: Protective outer covering; includes epidermis in young plants. Stomata are pores for gas exchange.
Ground Tissue: Supports various functions; includes spongy and palisade mesophyll for photosynthesis.

Functions of Roots

Roots anchor plants, preventing displacement from soil.
They absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Roots store excess food produced during photosynthesis, often in sugars or starch.
Capable of vegetative propagation, allowing the production of clones.

Stems

Stems are typically cylindrical and vertical, with leaves arising from nodes and internodes measured between leaves.
Terminal buds, located at the upper end of stems, promote stem elongation or flower formation.
Axillary buds, located at leaf axils, can develop into branches when given sufficient distance from terminal buds.

Functions of Stems

Stems provide support for leaves and flowers, optimizing their functional efficiency.
They transport water and minerals upwards via xylem, playing a crucial role in plant sustenance.

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Description

Explore the intricate structures of flowering plants, focusing on their vascular systems and seed formation. This quiz delves into the anatomy and functions of roots, cotyledons, and the processes of germination. Perfect for students studying plant biology.