Plants Around Us and Root Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the stem in a plant?

  • To generate seeds
  • To perform photosynthesis
  • To provide support and hold the plant upright (correct)
  • To absorb nutrients from the soil

Axillary buds are responsible for the primary growth of the entire plant.

False (B)

What is the portion of the stem between two nodes called?

internode

The type of root that provides extra support in plants such as the banyan tree is called __________.

<p>prop roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of roots with their functions:

<p>Prop roots = Provide extra support Breathing roots = Facilitate gas exchange in anoxic environments Climbing roots = Assist in climbing Food storage roots = Store food for the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stem is primarily responsible for the growth at the tip?

<p>Terminal bud (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stilt roots grow from the upper part of the stem.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one plant that has modified roots for food storage.

<p>carrot</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system does a carrot have?

<p>Taproot system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Climbers can stand erect without support.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two examples of herbs.

<p>Coriander, mint</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the part of the plant that grows above the ground.

<p>shoot system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following plant parts with their functions:

<p>Roots = Absorb nutrients and water Stem = Support and transport Leaves = Photosynthesis Flowers = Reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants has a fibrous root system?

<p>Rice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Trees typically have many branches that grow from the lower parts of the trunk.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main part of the shoot system?

<p>Stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of modified stem is a potato classified as?

<p>Tuber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of tendrils in climbers is to attract pollinators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one plant that has thorns for protection.

<p>Rose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants exhibits parallel venation?

<p>Coconut (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is the part of the leaf that conducts photosynthesis.

<p>leaf lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of venation is characterized by veins arranged like nets on both sides of the midrib?

<p>Reticulate Venation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaves have stomata on their upper side.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of modified stems with their examples:

<p>Tuber = Potato Rhizome = Ginger Bulb = Onion Tendril = Grapevine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of stomata in leaves?

<p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cacti have modified stems that store water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaves modified into sharp structures are known as __________.

<p>spines</p> Signup and view all the answers

The small stalk that attaches leaves to the stem is called the ________.

<p>petiole</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process do leaves use to prepare food for the plant?

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are carnivorous plants known for?

<p>Trapping insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flowers are the reproductive organs of non-flowering plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of petals in a flower?

<p>To attract insects for pollination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-pollination occurs when pollen from one plant falls on the stigma of another plant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure in a flower contains the ovules?

<p>ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sticky substance that holds onto pollen grains during pollination is found in the ______.

<p>stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pollinating agent?

<p>Butterflies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cross-pollination is facilitated only by wind and water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After pollination, the size of the ______ increases and changes into the fruit.

<p>ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are trees?

Tall plants with a thick stem called a trunk, which supports many branches.

What are shrubs?

Short plants with a hard, brown stem and many branches. They live for many years.

What are creepers?

Plants with very weak stems that grow along the ground.

What are climbers?

Plants with weak stems that need support to stand upright.

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What are herbs?

Small plants with soft, short and flexible green stems. They only live for a few months.

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What is a taproot?

The main root that grows straight down into the soil, anchoring the plant firmly.

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What is a fibrous root system?

A cluster of thin, fibre-like roots that branch out from the base of the stem.

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What is the shoot system?

The part of the plant that grows above the ground, including the stem, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits.

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What is the stem of a plant?

The connection between the roots and other parts of the plant, supporting branches, leaves, and flowers, and exposing them to sunlight.

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What is a node?

The point on the stem where a leaf, branch, or bud grows. There are many nodes along the stem.

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What is an internode?

The portion of the stem between two nodes.

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What is an apical bud?

A bud at the tip of a plant, responsible for the plant's growth.

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What is an axillary bud?

A bud present at the nodes, capable of growing into a leaf, flower, or branch.

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What are prop roots or aerial roots?

Roots that grow from branches or the upper part of a stem, extending down to provide support.

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What are stilt roots?

Roots that grow from the base of the stem to provide support to the plant.

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What are breathing roots or pneumatophores?

Roots that grow vertically upwards from underground roots, helping plants extract oxygen from waterlogged soil.

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Parasitic Roots

Roots that draw nutrients and water from other plants, found in plants that cannot produce their own food.

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Food Storage Stems

Underground stems modified for food storage, found in ginger, potato, and onion.

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Tubers

Types of underground stems that store food, like the potato.

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Rhizomes

Types of underground stems that store food, like ginger.

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Bulbs

Types of underground stems that store food, like onion.

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Stem Tendrils

Thread-like, spirally coiled stems of climbing plants that provide support, found in grapevine, cucumber, and sweet pea.

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Water Storage Stems

Thick, fleshy stems that store water, found in desert plants like cacti.

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Photosynthetic Stems

Flattened stems that perform photosynthesis, found in plants like cacti.

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Parallel Venation

A type of leaf vein arrangement where veins run parallel to each other, like in maize, wheat, and grass.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

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Stomata

Tiny pores on the underside of leaves that allow for gas exchange and water loss.

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Transpiration

The loss of water vapor from leaves through stomata.

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Leaf Tendrils

Modified leaves that provide additional support for climbing plants, often found in gloriosa lily and pea.

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Spines

Modified leaves that are sharp and pointed, found in plants like cacti, to protect them from animals and reduce water loss.

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Pitcher Plants

Modified leaves that form pitcher-like traps to capture insects, found in plants like pitcher plants.

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Insectivorous Plants

Plants that obtain nutrients by trapping and digesting insects, often found in areas with low nitrogen soil.

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Pollination

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma.

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Pistil

The female reproductive part of a flower, including the stigma, style, and ovary.

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Sepal

The outermost layer of a flower, typically green in color.

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Ovary

The swollen base of the pistil that contains ovules, or egg cells.

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Self-pollination

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant.

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Cross- pollination

The transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant of the same species.

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Pericarp

The outer covering of a fruit, often containing a fleshy pulp.

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Fruit development

The process where a flower's ovary develops into a fruit and the ovules within become seeds.

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Study Notes

Plants Around Us

  • Plants are grouped by stem type: trees, shrubs, herbs, creepers, and climbers
  • Trees are tall with thick trunks and many branches. They live for many years. Examples include Banyan, mango, and coconut
  • Climbers have weak stems and need support to stand. Examples include grapevine, money plant, and pea
  • Shrubs have hard, woody stems with small branches and live for several years. Examples include hibiscus, rose, and jasmine
  • Creepers have very weak stems and grow along the ground. Examples include pumpkin and watermelon
  • Herbs are small plants with soft, short stems and live for a few months. Examples include grass, coriander, mint, rice, wheat, and spinach

Parts of a Plant: Root System

  • The root system is the part of the plant below the ground
  • Two types of root systems: taproot and fibrous
  • Taproot system has one main root with smaller branches. Examples include neem, mango, pea, carrot, radish, turnip, and mustard
  • Fibrous root system has a cluster of thin roots. Examples include maize, wheat, sugarcane, rice, and grass
  • Roots hold the plant in place, absorb water and nutrients, and prevent soil erosion

Parts of a Plant: Modifications of Roots

  • Roots can be modified for different functions, including food storage
  • Roots may become fleshy to store food(e.g., carrot, beetroot, radish, turnip, sweet potato)
  • Prop roots support the plant, like in banyan trees
  • Stilt roots support the plant base, like in maize, sugarcane, coconut
  • Breathing roots (pneumatophores) help plants in wet, salty areas get oxygen. Examples: mangrove plants
  • Climbing roots help plants climb, like in betel, black pepper, and money plant
  • Parasitic roots get nutrients from other plants like dodder

Parts of a Plant: Stem

  • The stem connects the roots to the rest of the plant, supporting it and transporting nutrients
  • Stems have nodes (where leaves, branches, or buds grow) and internodes (the space between nodes).
  • The apical bud is at the tip of the stem and responsible for growth, while axillary buds (at the nodes) grow into leaves, stems, or additional buds

Parts of a Plant: Modifications of Stems

  • Stems can be modified for food storage like in ginger, potato, onion
  • Stems can be modified into tendrils to support climbing plants (e.g., grapevine, cucumber)

Parts of a Plant: Leaves

  • Leaves come in different shapes and colours and are responsible for food production (photosynthesis)
  • Leaves have veins for support and transport of water, minerals and food
  • Two main types of leaf venation: reticulate (net-like) and parallel (parallel lines)
  • Leaves can be modified for water storage, food manufacture (cactus-like), and protection (thorns)

Parts of a Plant: Functions of Leaves

  • Leaves produce food through photosynthesis
  • Leaves absorb gases (carbon dioxide, oxygen) through stomata
  • Leaves lose water through transpiration

Parts of a Plant: Flowers

  • Flowers are the colourful and fragrant reproductive parts of plants
  • A flower has male parts (stamens) – filament and anther, and female parts (pistil) – stigma, style, and ovary
  • Petal- bright colored part of the flower that attracts insects for pollination with scents and colors
  • Sepals and pedicel
  • Thalamus
  • Structure of a flower

Parts of a Plant: Pollination

  • Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower
  • Flowers are helped by pollinating agents like insects, birds, wind, and water
  • Two types of pollination: self-pollination (pollen to the same or other flower on the same plant) and cross-pollination (pollen to a different plant)

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Plant Parts & Functions PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of plants with this quiz focused on their classifications and root systems. Learn about the different types of plants, such as trees, shrubs, herbs, creepers, and climbers, as well as the characteristics of their root systems. Test your knowledge and discover more about the green wonders around us.

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